# Day 1: July 19th, 2021 (afternoon)

###### tags: `PNJ` `5G O-RAN` `ITB NTUST 5G course`

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### Introduction to O-RAN and 5G Standard

3 Point
- O-RAN Introduction
- O-RAN Architecture and Alliance
- 5G Standard

#### *O-RAN Architecture*

Operators, through the O-RAN consortium, are advocating for a disaggregation of RAN networks into interoperable RU, DU, CU components. The key elements of the Alliance’s O-RAN architecture are: Service Management and Orchestration Framework (SMO), RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC), O-Cloud, O-RAN central unit (O-CU), O-RAN distributed unit (O-DU), O-RAN Radio unit (O-RU).

#### *O-RAN Alliance*
Founded in February 2018 with the intention of promoting open and intelligent RAN. It was formed by a merger namely the C-RAN Alliance and the XRAN Forum. The C-RAN Alliance consisted of China Mobile and a lot of other Chinese vendors. On the other hand, the XRAN Forum consisted of US, European, Japanese and South Korean vendors and operators. AT&T, China Mobile, Deutsche Telekom, NTT Docomo and Orange were the initial founding operators.

#### *5G Standard*
Initially, the term was associated with the International Telecommunication Union’s IMT-2020 standard, which required a theoretical peak download speed of 20 gigabits per second and 10 gigabits per second upload speed, along with other requirements.Then, the industry standards group 3GPP chose the 5G NR (New Radio) standard together with LTE as their proposal for submission to the IMT-2020 standard. 5G NR can include lower frequencies (FR1), below 6 GHz, and higher frequencies (FR2), above 24 GHz. However, the speed and latency in early FR1 deployments, using 5G NR software on 4G hardware (non-standalone), are only slightly better than new 4G systems, estimated at 15 to 50% better.