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title: 1.1 - Developments in East Asia
tags: [AP World, Unit 1]

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title: 1.1 - Developments in East Asia
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Developments In East Asia
- 
Unit 1 is Global Tapestry

* We have to start somewhere
* Large Empires - Some new, some revivals of earlier empires

TRADE TRADE TRADE ---> The Growing intensification of global interactions that will continue to develop and become the defining factor of later units.

Song Dynasty
- Wealthiest and most innovative in the world

Islamic World
- Shows progress and innovation

**Essential Question**
How did developments in China and the rest of East Asia between c 1200 and c. 1450 reflect continuity, innovation, and diversity?

Chinese Dynasties
-
* Song
* Ming
* Yuan

Governments Developments in the Song Dynasty
- 
### Song Dynasty replaced the Tang in 960
* lasts for 3 centuries and will fall to the Mongols
* Will continue to be pauges by invaders from the north. (Continuity)

Bureaucracy - a vast organization in which appointed officials carried out the empire's policies.
-

* Developing since the Qin(Continuity)
* Meritocracy - Civil service Exam
    * jobs were based on how you score on your exam
        * Merit - Meritocracy
    * Exam open to any level of society
* This will be one of the downfalls of the Song
* The bureaucracy will grow so large it could no longer sustain itself 

Economic Developments In Post Classical China
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* China as the most advanced
    * Gunpowder - invented years earlier
        * The Song made the first Guns
    * Champa Rice - from Vietnam
        * Fast-ripening and drought resistant strain
        * Grow rice in new places
        * 2 crops of rice a year population
    * Proto-Industrialization - people in rural communities made products to sell
    * Cast iron goods and the use of steel
    * Compass for maritime navigation
    * Porcelain - lightweight yet strong

Grand Canal
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* The Tang promoted agriculture 
    * improved roads and canals
    * encourages foreign trade
    * spread technology
* Therefore Song Prospered and population increased
* Grand Canal most important of all
    * 30,000 miles
    * Mobed grain(rice) from the south to the North and West
    * More/easier good - more people (Similarity)

Continued Innovations
-
* Taxes - more money in circulation meant more economic growth 
* Tributes - an arrangement in which other states had to pay money or provide goods to hong the Chinese emperor(Similarity)
    * Shows China's strength to many other countries
    * Kowtow
    * Demonstration Of Power

Social Structures in China
-
* China has always been mostly rural - BUT urban areas will grow at this time.
    * At the height of the Song - CHina is the most urbanized land in the world
    * multiple cities of over 100,000 people
* Class Structure
    * Changes in Bureaucracy brought a new social class - Scholar Gentry
        * Educated landowners working for the government(outnumbered the aristocrats)
        * VERY influential
* Under them - farmers, artisans and merchants
    * merchants low status(mean people)
        * didn't require physical strength, hard work or treating value. It was a simple exchange of goods
        * Not part of the Confucian way of life.

Role Of Women
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* Confucian tradition - respect woman
    * But woman should defer to men(Continuity)
* Patriarchy will strengthen during the Tang and the Song
    * Women restriction grew
    * Fathers house to husbands house
    * foot binding - wealthy family

Intellectual and Cultural Developments
-
* More proof of the advancement of Chinga
* Paper & printing
    * Paper invented in the 2nd century and printing in the 7th century
    * BUT first to do Woodblock printing
* Reading & poetry
    * due to printing books were more available
    * The emphasis on Merit to gain jobs and status meant many in the privileged class could read
        * peasants not so much

Religious Diversity in China
-
* Buddhism showed up in the Hand and Sui dynasties - popular by the Tang
* 3 forms of Asian Buddhism
* China syncretic Buddhism was
    * Zen Buddhism
        * elements of daoism
        * Monasteries
        * The popularity of this religion took away from Confucianism and Daoism and caused jealousy

Religion
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* Song was more friendly toward Buddhism but didn't promote it.
* Confucianism remained the key to success in the song Dynasty
* Neo-Confucianism
    * Developed between 770 & 840
    * initially a combining of Confu
    * initially a combining of Confucianism with Buddhism and Daoism
    * Emphasizes ethics over mysteries of God


Comparing Japan, Korea, and Vietnam
-
* It is very important to understand the relationship these three countries have with China.
* They benefited from being so close to Chinga
* But this is also going to cause problems in maintaining and develop their own unique cultures

Japan
-
* Japan - Island more control over what comes in(Continuity)
* buddhism, Confucianism and Shinto were all supported
* Japan learned to do woodblock printing
* Heian Period - Japan emulated Chinese traditions in politicas, art & literature
    * Tale of Genji, first novel ever written

Japan & Feudalism
-
* Feudal society without a centralized government
    * landowning aristocrats - Daimyo - battled for control of land
    * Very similar to European Feudalism

Similarity
-
* Little social mobility
* hereditary hierarchies
* serfs
* 3 groups
    * Japan - Daimyo, Samurai, Serf
    * Europe - Noble, Knight, Serf
* Warrior Code (sort of different)
    * Japan - bushido (frugality, loyalty, martial arts, honor unto death)
    * Europe - Chivalry (duty to countrymen, God and women)

Difference
-
* Daimyo had more power than Nobles in Europe
    * They had vast lands and stronger than monarchy
    * Europe placed monarchy about nobility
* Development of a Shogun
    * Strong leader NOT an emperor with centralized power.

Korea 
-
* Due to its location will have the closest ties and more direct relationship with China
    * Tributary relationship
    * centralized government
    * Confucian and Buddhist beliefs
    * Study of Confucianism by the elites
    * Chinese writing system(not like the chinese language)
* BUT Korea had Aristocracy which gained its power

Vietnam
-
* Vietnam took some things from China but was more resistant
    * Took - writing system and architectural style
    * BUT they would actually launch violent rebellions against Chinese influence - Trung Sisters (Han Dynasty)
* Gender and Social Structure
    * Vietnamese women had more independence - NO FOOT BINDING
    * Vietnamese lived in nuclear families
    * Vietnamese villages operated independently of a national government (no centralization)
        * Scholar-officials loyalty was to the local government
        * Would revolt against a central gov too repressive 
 
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###### tags: `AP World` `Unit 1`

