1.1 - Developments in East Asia

--- title: 1.1 - Developments in East Asia --- {%hackmd H17XoUBZt %} Developments In East Asia - Unit 1 is Global Tapestry * We have to start somewhere * Large Empires - Some new, some revivals of earlier empires TRADE TRADE TRADE ---> The Growing intensification of global interactions that will continue to develop and become the defining factor of later units. Song Dynasty - Wealthiest and most innovative in the world Islamic World - Shows progress and innovation **Essential Question** How did developments in China and the rest of East Asia between c 1200 and c. 1450 reflect continuity, innovation, and diversity? Chinese Dynasties - * Song * Ming * Yuan Governments Developments in the Song Dynasty - ### Song Dynasty replaced the Tang in 960 * lasts for 3 centuries and will fall to the Mongols * Will continue to be pauges by invaders from the north. (Continuity) Bureaucracy - a vast organization in which appointed officials carried out the empire's policies. - * Developing since the Qin(Continuity) * Meritocracy - Civil service Exam * jobs were based on how you score on your exam * Merit - Meritocracy * Exam open to any level of society * This will be one of the downfalls of the Song * The bureaucracy will grow so large it could no longer sustain itself Economic Developments In Post Classical China - * China as the most advanced * Gunpowder - invented years earlier * The Song made the first Guns * Champa Rice - from Vietnam * Fast-ripening and drought resistant strain * Grow rice in new places * 2 crops of rice a year population * Proto-Industrialization - people in rural communities made products to sell * Cast iron goods and the use of steel * Compass for maritime navigation * Porcelain - lightweight yet strong Grand Canal - * The Tang promoted agriculture * improved roads and canals * encourages foreign trade * spread technology * Therefore Song Prospered and population increased * Grand Canal most important of all * 30,000 miles * Mobed grain(rice) from the south to the North and West * More/easier good - more people (Similarity) Continued Innovations - * Taxes - more money in circulation meant more economic growth * Tributes - an arrangement in which other states had to pay money or provide goods to hong the Chinese emperor(Similarity) * Shows China's strength to many other countries * Kowtow * Demonstration Of Power Social Structures in China - * China has always been mostly rural - BUT urban areas will grow at this time. * At the height of the Song - CHina is the most urbanized land in the world * multiple cities of over 100,000 people * Class Structure * Changes in Bureaucracy brought a new social class - Scholar Gentry * Educated landowners working for the government(outnumbered the aristocrats) * VERY influential * Under them - farmers, artisans and merchants * merchants low status(mean people) * didn't require physical strength, hard work or treating value. It was a simple exchange of goods * Not part of the Confucian way of life. Role Of Women - * Confucian tradition - respect woman * But woman should defer to men(Continuity) * Patriarchy will strengthen during the Tang and the Song * Women restriction grew * Fathers house to husbands house * foot binding - wealthy family Intellectual and Cultural Developments - * More proof of the advancement of Chinga * Paper & printing * Paper invented in the 2nd century and printing in the 7th century * BUT first to do Woodblock printing * Reading & poetry * due to printing books were more available * The emphasis on Merit to gain jobs and status meant many in the privileged class could read * peasants not so much Religious Diversity in China - * Buddhism showed up in the Hand and Sui dynasties - popular by the Tang * 3 forms of Asian Buddhism * China syncretic Buddhism was * Zen Buddhism * elements of daoism * Monasteries * The popularity of this religion took away from Confucianism and Daoism and caused jealousy Religion - * Song was more friendly toward Buddhism but didn't promote it. * Confucianism remained the key to success in the song Dynasty * Neo-Confucianism * Developed between 770 & 840 * initially a combining of Confu * initially a combining of Confucianism with Buddhism and Daoism * Emphasizes ethics over mysteries of God Comparing Japan, Korea, and Vietnam - * It is very important to understand the relationship these three countries have with China. * They benefited from being so close to Chinga * But this is also going to cause problems in maintaining and develop their own unique cultures Japan - * Japan - Island more control over what comes in(Continuity) * buddhism, Confucianism and Shinto were all supported * Japan learned to do woodblock printing * Heian Period - Japan emulated Chinese traditions in politicas, art & literature * Tale of Genji, first novel ever written Japan & Feudalism - * Feudal society without a centralized government * landowning aristocrats - Daimyo - battled for control of land * Very similar to European Feudalism Similarity - * Little social mobility * hereditary hierarchies * serfs * 3 groups * Japan - Daimyo, Samurai, Serf * Europe - Noble, Knight, Serf * Warrior Code (sort of different) * Japan - bushido (frugality, loyalty, martial arts, honor unto death) * Europe - Chivalry (duty to countrymen, God and women) Difference - * Daimyo had more power than Nobles in Europe * They had vast lands and stronger than monarchy * Europe placed monarchy about nobility * Development of a Shogun * Strong leader NOT an emperor with centralized power. Korea - * Due to its location will have the closest ties and more direct relationship with China * Tributary relationship * centralized government * Confucian and Buddhist beliefs * Study of Confucianism by the elites * Chinese writing system(not like the chinese language) * BUT Korea had Aristocracy which gained its power Vietnam - * Vietnam took some things from China but was more resistant * Took - writing system and architectural style * BUT they would actually launch violent rebellions against Chinese influence - Trung Sisters (Han Dynasty) * Gender and Social Structure * Vietnamese women had more independence - NO FOOT BINDING * Vietnamese lived in nuclear families * Vietnamese villages operated independently of a national government (no centralization) * Scholar-officials loyalty was to the local government * Would revolt against a central gov too repressive --- ###### tags: `AP World` `Unit 1`