# 1.6 - Developments in Europe

## Essiential Questions
How did the beliefs and practices the predominant religions, agricultural practices, and political decentralization affect European society from c. 1200 to c. 1450?

## Feudalism: Political system

- Feudalism
- System of exchanges of land for loyalty
- Fies, Vassals, Kings, Nobels, Knights, Peasants
- Feudalism provided some security for peasants, equipment for warriors,and land to those who served a lord.
- Code of chivalry
- a way of life by which knights lived and operated by. These would include living an honarable life and protecting women.
- Lack of rights for women

## Feudilism Social System

### Manorial system
Manors where rich nobles would live on the land given to them by the king. Would have economic self sufficiency. Had everything they needed to survive and wouldn't need to interact with the rest of the world. The nobles would have the power in this private socity the built up.

### Serfs
They aren't slaves but they are tied to the land and have to ask the noble for permissions, unless the noble would allow it. Serfs children would become serfs by default. If they tried to leave the land they would be brought back and punished.

Would use a 3 field system to farm things
- Beans to enrich the land
- Wheat to be used for food
- Barely also used for food.
- Third empty field to gain nutrients while not being farmed.

## Compare japanses and eurepo feudilims

| Similarity | Difference |
|:---------------------------------------------------------------------- |:----------------------------------------------------- |
| Little social mobility | Daimyo had more power than Nobles in Europe |
| Hereditary Hierarchies | - They had vast lands and stronger than monarchy |
| Serfs | - Europe placed monarchy about nobility |
| 3 Groups | Development of a Shogun |
| - Japan - Daimyo, Samurai, Serf | - Strong leader NOT an emperor with centralized power |
| - Europe - Noble, Knight, Serf | |
| Warrior Code (sort of different) | |
| - Japan - bushido (frugality, loyalty, martial arts, honor unto death) | |
| - Europe - Chivalry (duty to countrymen, God and women) | |

## Political trends in the later middle ages
Weakened by lay investature

> who would have the power to appoint bisheps to the church? The king or the ??

aaaaaaaa!!! add in later
end of holy roman empire.

England and france are connected by william the conquer. From Norman. From france and took over england creating what's known as the state of france today. France will fight for it's independance and eventually makes it's own monarchy. The 3 estats, those who fight, those who stay, those who work, the nobles, the clergy and the peasants.

In england the nobility is not always the fan of the biggest kinds. The eventually make the Magna Carta, at some point the nobles gain enough power to make the king sign the Magna Carta, would mean the king could not do anything he would want. The king couldn't be the entire court. Creates the idea that there are establised rights of the nobles.

**Magna Carta will be on the test.**

Enlighs parlment is stablished in 1265. House of commons - rich peasants. Parliment over the next few hundred years it becomes the (Listen). All descisions are now made by parliment.

## Reconquista

The last stronghold when the abbasids came in and took over obayod. They had taken over all of the Iberian peninsla. Eventually the christians try to take over muslim spain. By 1950 they take over 50 percent of Spain. At the end of the reconquista, it ends with the conquest of grenada.
Chistorpher Columbis sails the ocean blue. WHen they sail all of spain the kick out all of the muslims.

The Spanish Inquisition.
Anyone who would go against the church or goverment they would be tortued into admitting crimes that they did not do to 'clean' out all of spain.

## France v. England
The 100 year's war, not a 100 yearse
1337-1453.
They go to war, england archers made a long bow which would allow them to defeat the spanish army early on. Later france ends up kicking england out. Leaders on both sides would group everyone up to get them to fight this one force to bring unity. Would create a distinction between english and french. Europe would soon end up ing gunpowder weapons in their wars.

## Roman Catho
The great schiism of 1054, the split of the eastern orthodox church and roman catholic church.
Catholic church would be the most powerful institution in europe. The first to establish universities, centers of learning that would be dominated by the priest. The church ends up going through theological desagreements.

## Christian Crusades
Eurpoens seek to cliam the holy lands from 1095-1200.

Rules of primogeniture
- Eldest son would gain all of the inheritence.
- Would be sent on crusades to go on and reclaim the holy land.
- First of the crusades is one of the only crusades.
- Conquer Jeruslem but muslims take in back later.
- Promotes cultural exchange between europe and the middle east.

They look at the muslims and realize they don't have to live in these dark ages and help eurpoe get better standars of livings.

Pushed by vanishien?? merchants, They're not too thrilled with the middle east for a few reasons.
- Religion
- They would lose trade since trade would go trough the middle east instead of italy.

> Merchants are from italy.

They would attack the Constantinople while trying to pay for war.

> Never it make it to the holy land to attempy to take it back

## Economic and Social changes in eurpoe.
As people are able to make more food they start to move into cities, A middle class is made, and Specilizatoin of labor is made.

> 'The Little Ice Age' occurs, a drop in temperature which leads to less farming and faminine.

Certain groups would face discrimination due to confusion
- Jews would be blamed due to a lack of knowledge about the Ice Age
- Anti-Semitism would go on the rise.

Women would lose a lot more of their rights comparted to more rural areas. Some of them would become artisans bt they're rights would not be nearl asgood as south east Asia or Africa.

## Renassance
Rise of urbanization, surplas of the middle class which allows for more creativity. More interest in classic Greek and Roman Literature art, and more that they got back during the crusades .

### Gutenberg
A german inventor who created the wooden block typeset. Which would allow for the faster creation of books. The equivelant of a printing press, would be much faster compared to being written by hand. This would allow or books to become cheaper.

### Humanism

People would start branching away from making things would would usually just be christian ideas.

## The Origins of Russia.

The mongols invade which do one of things that no one thought anyone could do, defeat russia in the winter. They use the frozen lakes to get into the city and slowly take over russia.

Russia ends up being seperate from the rest of europe, they have nobles that would be in charge of the mongols and eventually the leader of Russia gets rid of the mongols and gives russia independence.

## Four Types of State-Building c. 1200 - c.1450

**add in later**

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###### tags: `AP World` `Unit 1`