---
# System prepended metadata

title: Openstack Ussuri

---

# Openstack Ussuri

## Introduction
* Currently, all of our services are running kubernetes on VMs.
* There are several pros and cons when it comes to running kubernetes on VMs
  * Pros
    * Enables isolation among applications that run on different VMs.
    * A consistent software environment be created by running similar apps on the same VM.
  * Cons
    * Persistent storage on bare metal are way more difficult.
    * No dynamic resource utilization.
    * No failure recovery.
    * No fleet management.

## Introduction to Openstack
* OpenStack is a software for building and managing cloud-computing platforms for public and private clouds.
* OpenStack is used to deploy virtual machines and other instances that handle different tasks for managing a cloud environment.
* OpenStack is an **IaaS**.
* OpenStack is managed by the OpenStack Foundation.
* Openstack is open source infrastructure, license under **Apache License, Version 2.0 **.

## Services
These key services are described in detail as.
* **Keystone** provides identity services and manage list of all the users and services as well as their access control.
* **Glance** provides image services to OpenStack. In this case, "images" refers to images (or virtual copies) of hard disks.
* **Nova** is a computing engine used for deploying and managing large numbers of virtual machines.
* **Neutron** provides the networking capability of the cloud.
* **Cinder** is a block storage component. It is capable of accessesing specific disk devices in the cloud.
* **Horizon** is the dashboard as well as the only Restful API of Openstack.
* **Heat** allows developers to store the configuration file of a service that defines what resources are needed for the application.

## Installation
### Network Setting
On **Controller** Node in `/etc/hosts`
(`localhost` is needed to deal with some problems with rabbitmq)
```
# controller
192.168.72.145 localhost controller

# compute1
192.168.72.247 compute1
```
On **Compute1** Node
In `/etc/hosts`
```
# controller
192.168.72.145 controller

# compute1
192.168.72.247 compute1
```

On **Controller** & **Compute1** Node
In `/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp1s0`
```
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="dhcp"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="enp1s0"
DEVICE="enp1s0"
ONBOOT="yes"
```

In `/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp7s0`
```
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="dhcp"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="enp7s0"
DEVICE="enp7s0"
ONBOOT="yes"
```

### NTP Setting
Installation
```bash
dnf install chrony
```
On **Controller** Node,

In `/etc/chrony.conf ` add
```
pool tw.pool.ntp.org iburst
allow 192.168.72.0/24 # serve as ntp server to compute node
```
and comment out
```
#pool 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
```
On **Compute1** Node,

In `/etc/chrony.conf ` add
```
server controller iburst
```
and comment out
```
#pool 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
```
Restart NTP Server
```bash
systemctl restart chronyd
```

Check that NTP is working correctly
```bash
chronyc sources
```

### Prerequisites

#### Openstack environment
Install for both **Controller** and **Compute1**
```bash
dnf install centos-release-openstack-ussuri
dnf config-manager --set-enabled PowerTools
dnf install https://www.rdoproject.org/repos/rdo-release.el8.rpm
dnf upgrade
dnf install python3-openstackclient
``` 

#### Disable SELinux
On both **Controller** and **Compute1**, 
edit `/etc/selinux/config`
```
SELINUX=permissive
```
restart
```bash
reboot
```

#### Mariadb
```bash
dnf install mariadb mariadb-server python3-PyMySQL
```

Create and edit `/etc/my.cnf.d/openstack.cnf` as follows
```
[mysqld]
bind-address = <your ip address>

default-storage-engine = innodb
innodb_file_per_table = on
max_connections = 4096
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
character-set-server = utf8
```

Start and enable mariadb server
```bash
systemctl enable mariadb
systemctl start mariadb
```
Install mariadb
```bash
mysql_secure_installation
```

#### RabbitMQ

Install rabbitmq
```bash
dnf install rabbitmq-server
```
Enable & start rabbitmq
```
systemctl enable rabbitmq-server.service
systemctl start rabbitmq-server.service
```
Add openstack user
```bash
rabbitmqctl add_user openstack $RABBIT_PASS
```
Permit configuration, write, and read access for the openstack user:

```bash
rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*"
```

#### Memcached
Install memcached
```bash
dnf install memcached python3-memcached
```

#### Etcd
Install etcd
```bash
dnf install etcd
```
Edit `/etc/etcd/etcd.conf`
```
#[Member]
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="http://192.168.72.145:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.72.145:2379"
ETCD_NAME="controller"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="http://192.168.72.145:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.72.145:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="controller=http://192.168.72.145:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster-01"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
```

### Keystone

* Identity service provided by Openstack. 
* Single point of integration for authentication, service catalog, and so on. 
* Endpoint can be of three types: admin, internal, public.
* Keystone is the first service that a user interacts with. Once authenticated, the user can use their identity to access other OpenStack services' endpoint.

#### Components
1. Centralized server: It provides authentication and authorization services using RESTful API.
2. Drivers: It is a service back-end integrated to the centralized server. They are used for accessing identity information in repositories external to OpenStack. Ex: a SQL databases.
3. Middleware modules: They intercept service requests, extract user credentials, and send them to the centralized server for authentication.


#### Installation

Connect to the mariadb server:
```bash
mysql -u root -p
```
Create the *keystone* database:
```sql
CREATE DATABASE keystone;
```
Grant proper access to the *keystone* database
```sql
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'localhost' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'KEYSTONE_DBPASS';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'%' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'KEYSTONE_DBPASS';
```
Install keystone along with apache server:
```bash
dnf install openstack-keystone httpd python3-mod_wsgi
```

Edit `/etc/keystone/keystone.conf`:

In the [database] section, configure database access:
```
[database]
...
connection = mysql+pymysql://keystone:KEYSTONE_DBPASS@controller/keystone
```
configure the Fernet token provider:
```
[token]
...
provider = fernet
```


Populate the identity service database:
```bash
su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone
```
Initialize fernet key repository:
```bash
keystone-manage fernet_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone
keystone-manage credential_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone
```
Bootstrap the identity service (Change ADMIN_PASS to your own password):
```bash
keystone-manage bootstrap --bootstrap-password ADMIN_PASS \
  --bootstrap-admin-url http://controller:5000/v3/ \
  --bootstrap-internal-url http://controller:5000/v3/ \
  --bootstrap-public-url http://controller:5000/v3/ \
  --bootstrap-region-id mcnlab
```
Configure the http server:
```bash
sudo echo "ServerName controller" >> /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
```
Create symbolic link to the `/usr/share/keystone/wsgi-keystone.conf` file
```bash
ln -s /usr/share/keystone/wsgi-keystone.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/
```
Enable & start the http server:
```bash
systemctl enable httpd.service
systemctl start httpd.service
```
Writh the following environment to `admin-openrc`:

```bash
export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin
export OS_USERNAME=admin
export OS_PASSWORD=ADMIN_PASS
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:35357/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2
```

Now, create a project called `service` (Used for providing service)
```bash
openstack project create --domain default --description "Service Project" service
```

**Verification**
```bash
openstack --os-auth-url http://controller:5000/v3 --os-project-domain-name Default --os-user-domain-name Default --os-project-name admin --os-username admin token issue
```


#### Basic Keystone usage

domain create
```bash
openstack domain create --description "description" <domain>
```
List all domain
```bash
openstack domain list
```
Delete domain(s)
```bash
openstack domain delete <domain>
```
#### Documentation
[More information](https://docs.openstack.org/keystone/latest/)

### Glance
#### Concept
* Glance is an image providing service.
* It enables users to discover, register, and retrieve virtual machine images.
* Offers REST API that enables user to query virtual machine image metadata and retrieve an actual image.
* Components
  * glance-api: Accepts API calls for image discovery, retrieval, and storage.
  * glance-registry: Stores, processes, and retrieves metadata about images
  * Database: Stores image metadata.

#### Installation
Connect to the mariadb server:
```bash
mysql -u root -p
```
Create the *glance* database:
```sql
CREATE DATABASE glance;
```
Grant proper access to the *keystone* database
```sql
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'GLANCE_DBPASS';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'GLANCE_DBPASS';
```

Credentials, endpoints & services
```bash
openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt glance
openstack role add --project service --user glance admin
openstack service create --name glance --description "OpenStack Image" image
openstack endpoint create --region mcnlab image public http://controller:9292
openstack endpoint create --region mcnlab image internal http://controller:9292
openstack endpoint create --region mcnlab image admin http://controller:9292
```
Install glance package
```bash
dnf install openstack-glance
```
Edit `/etc/glance/glance-api.conf`
```
[database]
# ...
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@controller/glance
...
[keystone_authtoken]
# ...
www_authenticate_uri  = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:5000
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = Default
user_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
username = glance
password = GLANCE_PASS
...
[paste_deploy]
# ...
flavor = keystone
service_token_roles_required = true

...
[glance_store]
# ...
stores = file,http
default_store = file
filesystem_store_datadir = /var/lib/glance/images/

```
Synchronize database
```bash
su -s /bin/sh -c "glance-manage db_sync" glance
```
Start and enable glance service
```bash
systemctl enable openstack-glance-api.service
systemctl start openstack-glance-api.service
```
#### Documentation
[More information](https://docs.openstack.org/glance/latest/)

## nova
In `/etc/httpd/conf.d/00-placement-api.conf` add
```xml
<Directory /usr/bin>
  <IfVersion >= 2.4>
    Require all granted
  </IfVersion>
  <IfVersion < 2.4>
    Order allow,deny
    Allow from all
  </IfVersion>
</Directory>
```
Before `</Virtualhost>` (see [bug](https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1434944))


```bash
su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage cell_v2 map_cell0" nova
su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage db sync" nova
su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage cell_v2 simple_cell_setup" nova
```

## neutron

```bash
modprobe br_netfilter
```

## horizon

In `/etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings`
```
OPENSTACK_HOST = "controller"
WEBROOT = '/dashboard/'
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache'

CACHES = {
    'default': {
         'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache',
         'LOCATION': 'controller:11211',
    }
}
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_URL = "http://%s:5000/v3" % OPENSTACK_HOST
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_MULTIDOMAIN_SUPPORT = True
OPENSTACK_API_VERSIONS = {
    "identity": 3,
    "image": 2,
    "volume": 3,
}
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_DEFAULT_DOMAIN = "Default"
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_DEFAULT_ROLE = "user"
OPENSTACK_NEUTRON_NETWORK = {
    'enable_router': False,
    'enable_quotas': False,
    'enable_distributed_router': False,
    'enable_ha_router': False,
    'enable_lb': False,
    'enable_firewall': False,
    'enable_vpn': False,
    'enable_fip_topology_check': False,
}
```
:::danger
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*'] is not recommended.
:::
In `/etc/httpd/conf.d/openstack-dashboard.conf`
```
WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}
```
Restart the server and session storage service:
```bash
systemctl restart httpd.service memcached.service
```