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# System prepended metadata

title: Really English Academic

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# Really English Academic

## Telephone

### What effect did the difficulty in communicating cause hundreds of years ago?

正解は It helped villages keep their own character.（村々が独自性を維持できる要因になっていた）です。

### When people first began to use the telephone, how was this different from using the phone today?

正解は You could only make calls from certain public buildings.（特定の公共の建物からのみ、電話をかけることができた）です。

### How did the telephone change social communication?

正解は People realized it was useful to communicate without waiting.（人々は、待つことなく連絡を取り合うことが便利だと気付いた）です。

### What effect did the telephone have on the world of work?

正解は Businesses could sell to more people in different places.（企業はさまざまな場所で、より多くの人に対して販売することが可能になった）です

### The telephone was especially important for women because ...

正解は it gave them an opportunity to get a job（彼女たちに仕事を得る機会を与えた）です。

### The introduction of the cell phone helped society because people could now ...

正解は give faster and better help in emergencies.（緊急時により迅速に、より優れた支援をする）です。

### What effect has the cell phone had on the economy?

正解は Many jobs have been created around the world.（世界中で多くの仕事が創出された）です。

### Women may use smartphones more than men because ...

正解は they usually use more details and questions when they communicate.（通常、彼女たちは、コミュニケーションの中で、より詳細な情報や質問を交わす）です。

### What effect will the next smartphone developments have on our lives?

正解は We should have easier lives than now.（今よりももっと楽な生活をしているはずだ）です。

### How has the telephone resulted in economic growth?

正解は Companies have been able to work more effectively.（企業はより効率的にビジネスができるようになった）です。

## pirates
### According to the text, the usual meaning of "piracy" is …
正解は taking something from a boat.（ボートから何かを奪うこと）です。

### Who had the most power in the Americas around four hundred years ago?

正解は Spain（スペイン）です。

### What happened to the privateers after 1713?

正解は They lost their jobs.（彼らは職を失った）です

### What is NOT mentioned as something Caribbean pirates stole?

正解は Food and drink（食べ物と飲み物）です。

### If a pirate lost part of their body in a conflict, they would …

正解は receive some money.（幾らかの収入を得る）です。

### What is NOT mentioned as something you might see on a pirate in a novel?

正解は Funny clothes（奇妙な服装）です。

### How many boats have experienced problems with Somali pirates?

正解は At least a few hundred（少なくとも数百隻）です。

### What does the writer mention as one reason why Nigeria has so many poor people?

正解は Foreign businesses（外国の企業）です。

### According to the writer, who might not consider that taking from others is always a crime?

正解は People with money（お金を持っている人たち）です。

### What is NOT mentioned as an item that was taken from the African and American continents?

正解は Animals（動物）です。

## ideas in education
### Why does the writer say a good education is important?

正解は It's hard to find work without one.

### How/Where did Maria Montessori get the idea for the Montessori method?

正解は From children's natural interest in things

### What's unusual about young Montessori students?

正解は They make their own learning choices.

### What does the teacher do in Montessori classes?

正解は Tries to understand what motivates students

### What helps older Montessori students understand things better?

正解は Teaching younger students（年下の生徒を教えること）です。

### What might a Waldorf pre-school student do?

正解は Tell the class a story（クラスの児童たちに物語を話す）です。

### How could you describe Waldorf classrooms?

正解は Teacher-centered（教師が中心）です。

### What do Montessori high school students focus on?

正解は Getting real-life skills and experience（実生活に必要な技能と経験を身に付けること）です。

### What can you say about high school at Waldorf?

正解は The emphasis is on studying academic subjects.

### What's the author's final opinion about Waldorf and Montessori?

正解は They might get the same results in different ways

## Murals
### Mexican artists painted street murals because the government wanted ...

正解は people to meet and do things together.

### Why did the American cities allow artists to paint street murals?

正解は To make the streets more beautiful

### Why was Diego Rivera special and different?

正解は He could paint in many different ways.

### Rivera never finished his mural "Man at the Crossroads" because he ...

正解は didn't want to make a change to the painting.

### What is the main theme of Rivera's mural "Man, Controller of the Universe"?

正解は Politics（政治）です。

### What do Rivera and Baca have in common?

正解は They both wanted everyone to see their murals.

### How do artists in different countries paint the "World Wall"?

正解は They each make their own part of the painting.

### Why did Judith Baca choose the idea of a "World Wall" for a mural?

正解は To improve the lives of people

### What is the problem with many outdoor murals?

正解は The cold weather makes the paint come off the walls.

### With new technology, murals can ...

正解は be touched and parts can be moved

## Laughter
### Which of the following feelings is shown in a different way across countries?

正解は Being happy about winning something（何かを得て幸福を感じること）です。

### Why do we feel like we lose our strength when we laugh?

正解は Laughing affects our muscles.

### Why do apes groom each other?

正解は To make friendships（友好関係を築くため）です。

### How do monkeys groom each other?

正解は In groups of two（2 頭の組で）です。

### Why are human social groups bigger than ape and monkey groups?

正解は Humans can bond with more than one person at the same time.

### Why is it good for a couple to laugh together?

正解は It makes their relationship stronger.

### What do people mostly laugh at?

正解は Things that are not funny（面白くないこと）です。

### Why do people pretend to laugh?

正解は To bond with the other person（他者と絆を深めるため）です。

### When the two types of not-funny situations happen at the same time, it results in something that ...

正解は makes you laugh（人を笑わせる）です。

### How does Professor Jaak Panksepp know that rats laugh?

正解は They produce a known laughter chemical.

## Adulthood
### Which of these factors is NOT mentioned as a way of deciding if someone is an adult in Western countries?

正解は Voting in elections（選挙で投票する）です。

### "Initiation rites" are used ...

正解は to test whether teenagers are ready to be adults

### What is NOT true about the traditional Aboriginal "walkabout"?

正解は It is done by older teenagers

### How do the Maasai people equip boys with the skills they need to be adults?

正解は They make them experience pain

### When Maasai boys return from initiation, they ...

正解は sometimes have their hair removed

### During their initiation, boys of the Xavante people of Brazil ...

正解は are watched very carefully by adults

### In parts of Uganda, initiation ceremonies ...

正解は often involve girls showing they can deal with pain

### In parts of Peru, girls in initiation ceremonies ...

正解は are taught what their duties as an adult will be

### In the South American "quinceañera", ...

正解は many actions and objects have a special meaning

### What does the writer say about initiations in the final paragraph?

正解は Young people who have been through initiation feel lucky compared to Western children

## Mutualism
### Which statement is TRUE about "mutualism"?

正解は The two species behave in a different way to normal.

### The rhino lets the oxpecker near its eyes and ears. This tells us that ...

正解は the cleaning service is important to the rhino.

### How do the plover and Nile crocodile benefit from their partnership?

正解は The partnership is probably not real so they don't benefit.

### Which fact do scientists want to find out about the partnership of shrimps and gobies?

正解は How the partnerships start（パートナーシップがどのように始まるか）です。

### Why haven't all types of clownfish got a thick layer to cover their skin?

正解は Only the clownfish who live in anemones need the thick layer.

### What does the writer say about "cleaning stations"?

正解は Larger fish know their teeth can be cleaned in these.

### What does the writer say about dogs?

正解は Dogs can perform quite a lot of useful roles.

### The statistics in the text tell us that …

正解は one in four UK households have at least one dog.

### What is the main benefit to humans of interacting with a pet dog?

正解は The dog provides a kind of friendship.

### What are the most common benefits from mutualism in nature?

正解は Cleaning and protection（掃除と保護）です。

## The Darien project
### What did Paterson plan to do first?

正解は Build a town in Panama.

### What does the writer imply about Scots' investment?

正解は The size and speed of the investment was surprising.

### Why did some people want to be colonists?

正解は They didn't have enough food to eat or sell.

### What was one of the first problems the settlers had when they arrived?

正解は There were lots of insects.

### What problem did the settlers have in the early days?

正解は They didn't have enough to eat.

### Why did a second group go to Darien?

正解は They had had positive reports from the settlers

### What did the Spanish do in Darien?

正解は They set fire to the first settlers' homes.

### What happened to the settlers in the end?

正解は People criticized them for not succeeding.

### What was the state of international relations when the Darien project failed?

正解は Scotland wanted help from the English.

### What was the end result of the project's failure?

正解は Scotland and England joined to form one country.