# Linux command set

## Common command

| Command | Note |
|:--- |:---|
| pwd | Show directory now |
| ls | List all files ind a directory |
| touch [file name] | create a file, named “file name” |
| man [command text] | Get help text for command |
| cp [file1 dir] [object dir] | Copy file to object directory |
| mv [file1] [object dir] | Move file to object directory also used for rename. |
| locate [file name] | Search file’s directory |
| cat [file name] | Show the content on Terminal |
| shutdown now | Shutdown system now |
| reboot | Restart system |
| clear | Clear screen of Terminal |
| vim /etc/environment | Edit environment variables |
| source /etc/environment | Update environment variables |
| df -h . | know the free space in the filesystem containing the directory |
| du -sh [ ./* \| dirname ] | check the total disk space used by a particular directory |
| su – “user name” | Change user|
| ln -s [ target file] [file] | Create symbol link for [file] to [target file] |
| find -name [search string] | Find file, e.x. find -name test*.c |
| uname -a | print system information, like kernel version |
| microcom -s [baud rate] [device] | R/W busybox com port, e.x. microcom -s 115200 /dev/ttyGS0 |

## Console and GUI mode

| Command | Note |
|:--- |:---|
| apt-get install ubuntu-desktop | Install ubuntu desktop |
| Startx or init 5 | Swtich to ubuntu desktop |
| systemctl get-default | Check default mode |
| systemctl set-default multi-user.target | Set default mode to console |
| systemctl set-default graphical.target | Set default mode to desktop |
| Ctrl + Alt + F1 | Switch to Console mode |
| Alt + F7 | Switch to GUI mode |

## GCC

| Command | Note |
|:--- |:---|
| gcc -c | compile source files to object files without linking |
| gcc -s | Produce only the assembly code |
|gcc -E | Produce only the preprocessor output |
| gcc -o [output file name] | write build output to output file |
| gcc -I | add include directory of header files |
| gcc -L | link with library file |
| gcc -wall | enable all warning messages |
| gcc -g | generate debug information to be used by GDB |

##SH
| Command | Note |
|:--- |:---|
| sh [File name] | Execute sh file |

## VIM

| Command | Note |
|:--- |:---|
| Vim [File name] | Open file in vim |
| Press “i, I, o, O, a, A, r, R” | Switch to edit mode |
| Press “ESC” | Switch to normal mode |
| Press “:$” or [Shift]+G | Go to end of file |
| :wq | Write and quit |
| :w | Write |
|:q | Quit |
|Press Ctrl+V | block visual |
|Press Y | Stop block visual and copy |
|Press P | Paste copy text |
|:/"search string" | Search string in text |
|Press N | Repeat search last string |
|set nu | Enable number of line |
|set nonu | Disable number of line |
|syntax on | Enable different colors as program |
|syntax off | Disable different colors as program |
|:u | Undo, recover last edit |
|Press “.” | Redo last edit |

## Grep

| Command | Note |
|:--- |:---|
|grep [search string] [File name] | Show the result of search string |
|ls /etc/ | grep network | List file name which have “network” in /ect/ |
|grep -i [search string] | Not case sensitive |
|grep -n [search string] | Show line number |
|grep -v [search string] | Search inverse result |
|grep -r [search string] | Search in Directory and its subdirectories |
|Find -name [search string] \| xargs grep [search string] | Search string in find file |

## Mkdir

| Command | Note |
|----------------------------- |----------------------------------------------------- |
| mkdir [Folder name] | Create new Folder |
| mkdir -p [Folder1/Folder2] | Create multi Folder |
| mkdir -m 700 [Folder name] | Set permission and create folder |

## Chmod

| Command | Note |
|:--- |:---|
| chmod [-R] xyz [File or Folder] | Change permission to File or Folder -R : Recursive change permission in subFolder
| | xyz : number of permission<br> Read / Write / Execute => <br>-rwxrwxrwx => <br>777 =><br> r=4, w=2, x=1<br> user \| group \| others |

## Tar

| Command | Note |
|:--- |:---|
| tar cvf “tar filename” “object filename” | Create tar Archive File for .tar |
| tar xvf “filename” | Untar tar Archive File for .tar |
| tar xvf “filename” -C “Folder name” | Untar tar Archive File to Folder name |
| gzip “filename” “object filename” | Create tar Archive File for .gz |
| gunzip “filename” | Untar tar Archive File for .gz |
| bzip2 -z “filename” “object filename” | Create tar Archive File for .bz2 |
| bzip2 -d “filename” | Untar tar Archive File for .bz2 |
| tar zcvf “filename” “object filename” | Create tar Archive File for .tar.gz or tgz |
| tar zxvf “filename” | Untar tar Archive File for .tar.gz or tgz |
| tar Jcvf “filename” “object filename” | Create tar Archive File for .tar.xz |
| tar Jxvf “filename” | Untar tar Archive File for .tar.xz |
| tar jcvf “filename” “object filename” | Create tar Archive File for .tar.bz2 |
| tar jxvf “filename” | Untar tar Archive File for .tar.bz2 |
| tar -C “directory name” tar command “filename” | Tar file to directory |

## SSH

| Command | Note |
|:--- |:---|
| sudo service ssh status | Check SSH status |
| ifconfig |

## Samba

| Command | Note |
|----------------------------- |----------------------------------------------------- |
| sudo apt install samba | Install samba file system |
| sudo netstat -tulnp \| grep -e '[sn]mbd' | Check port about Samba |
| sudo service smbd status | Check Samba status |
| vim /etc/samba/smb.conf | Edit Samba server configuration by vim |
| sudo pdbedit -a -u “User Name” | Allow local users to use |
| service smbd restart | Restart samba server |

## System Process
| Command | Note |
|:--- |:---|
| [ctrl] + z | Put process to background |
| jobs | List all jobs |
| jobs -l | List all jobs with PID |
| fg [PID] | Take job to foreground and running |
| bg [PID] | Take job to background and running |
| Kill -1 [PID] | Reload config for PID |
| Kill -2 [PID] | Same as [ctrl] + C for PID |
| Kill -9 [PID] | Force a job to be deleted immediately |
| Kill -15 [PID] | Deleted job on normal way |

## Module

| Command | Note |
|:--- |:---|
| insmod | Install new module |
| lsmod | List all module |
| rmmod | Remove module |
| modinfo “module name” | display the information about module |

## RM

| Command | Note |
|:--- |:---|
| rmdir “Dir name” | Remove tire directory |
| rm “File name” | Remove a file |
| rm -r “File name” | Remove a non-empty directory, and all of its contents |
| rm -rf “Directory name” | Remove all file in directory |

## Save terminal command print to log

| Command | Note |
|:--- |:---|
| [command] > [/filelocation/filename] | Just output to file and overwrite |
| [command] >> [/filelocation/filename] | Just output to file and append |
| [command] \| tee [/filelocation/filename] | Output and save |

## Patch & Diff

| Command | Note |
|:--- |:---|
| patch < “Patch filename” | Patch from filename
| patch -d “object dir” -p1 < “patch file dir” | Patch all file in object director from patch
| patch -r “patch file or other command” | Reverse a patch that is already applied
| patch -b “patch file or other command” | Take a Backup before Applying the Patch
| -p1 /tmp/patch mean tmp/patch | -p2 /tmp/patch mean patch|
| diff -Naur “old file,dir” “new file,dir” > “patch.patch” | Generate patch file form old to new <br>Naur mean : <br>N : Treat absent files as empty <br>a : Treat all files as text <br>u : Set the default 3 lines of unified context <br>r : Recursively compare any subdirectories found |

## Git

| Command | Note |
|:--- |:---|
| git clone “url” | Clone a repository into a new directory |
| git log | Show commit logs |

## Busybox TFTP

| Command | Note |
|----------------------------- |----------------------------------------------------- |
| tftp -g -r [FILENAME] [SERVERIP] | Get file form server.<br>-l [FILE] Local FILE. → change file name<br>-r [FILE] Remote FILE. → keep file name<br>-g Get file from server.|

## IP

| Command | Note |
|:--- |:---|
| ip a | Show ip configuration, like ipconfig |
| ip link add link enp0s9 name enp0s9.101 type vlan id 101 | Create vlan on interface ‘enp0s9’, vlan id 101. |
| ip link set dev enp0s9.101 up | |
| ifconfig eht0 192.168.0.20 | Set ip for interface ‘eht0’. |
| cat /proc/net/vlan/ | Check vlan id, status |

## Serial

| Command | Note |
|:--- |:---|
| dmesg | grep -i tty | Check tty device |
| cat /proc/tty/drivers | Check tty drivers |

## Devices

| Command | Note |
|:--- |:---|
| cat /proc/devices | Finding out about drivers at runtime |
| cat /sys/class/[devices] | Get all active devices |
| cat /sys/kernel/debug/gpio | List gpio |

## Systemctl
early boot service that configures sysctl kernel parameters

| Command | Note |
|:--- |:---|
| systemctl start [service] | Start target sevice |
| systemctl stop [service] | Stop target sevice |
| systemctl status [service] | Get status of target sevice |
| systemctl restart [service] | Restart target sevice |

## start-stop-daemon

| Command | Note |
|:--- |:---|
| start-stop-daemon [-S \| --start ] [-b] [-x] [daemon programs name] | Start a daemon programs in background |
| start-stop-daemon [-S \| --start ] [-b] [-x] [daemon programs name] [-n] [process-name] | Start a daemon programs in background and show as [process-name] |
| start-stop-daemon [-S \| --start ] [-b] [-x] [daemon programs name] [-n] [process-name] [-a] [path name] | Start a daemon programs in background and show as [process-name], start the process specified by pathname |
| start-stop-daemon [-K \| --stop ] [-x] [daemon programs name] | Stop a daemon programs in background |