# <span style="font-weight:300">程式設計培訓</span>
## <span style="color:cyan"><i class="fa fa-3x fa-code"></i></span>
## <span style="font-weight:800">Learn C Programming</span>
<span style="color:gray;font-weight:100">2022 / 12</span>
---
<img src="https://i.imgur.com/AUeyfbC.png" style="border: none; box-shadow: none; background: none; max-width: 30%;" />
# 林彥宏 Kyle Lin
<span style="color:lightgray;font-weight:100">創科資訊股份有限公司 - 總監</span>
<span style="color:lightgray;font-weight:100">Monospace 共同工作空間 - 創辦人</span>
----
## 程式設計<span style="color:yellow">教學</span>
<span style="color:lightgray;font-weight:100">C / Java / Python / Android / C# / PHP / JavaScript</span>
--
## <span style="color:cyan">軟體開發</span>顧問
<span style="color:lightgray;font-weight:100">AWS / Azure / GCP / DevOps / Agile / IoT</span>
----
---
# 認證指南
----
## TQC+ 程式語言C認證
* CSF 電腦技能基金會
* TQC+ 軟體設計領域
----
## 測驗方式
* 共九大題，全部皆為操作題
* 第一到七類為除錯題
* 第八到九類為綜合應用題
----
# 計分方式
* 第一到七類，除錯題每題5分
* 第八類，綜合應用題30分
* 第九類，綜合應用題35分
* 作答時間共100分鐘
* 滿分為100分，70分以上及格
----
# 課程進度
* Day 1 (5/1) <br/> 第一至第五類
* Day 2 (5/2) <br /> 第六至第九類
---
# 如何，<br/> 學好<span style="color:cyan">程式設計</span>
* 邏輯思考
* 團隊協作
* 自學能力
* 解決問題能力
---
# 開發工具
C/C++ IDEs
* Code::Blocks http://www.codeblocks.org/
通用型編輯器
* Sublime https://www.sublimetext.com
* Atom https://atom.io
* VSCode https://code.visualstudio.com
----
# Visual Studio Code
---
# C / C++ 原始碼<br/>如何被執行？
----
----
----
## 編譯器在哪裏？
> C:\Dev-Cpp\bin
----
## 設定環境變數
```shell=
set path=%path%;C:\Dev-Cpp\bin
echo %path%
gcc -v
```
----
## 開新檔案
```shell=
notepad main.c
```
----
## 撰寫程式
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("Hello World\n");
}
```
----
## 編譯
```shell=
gcc -o main.exe main.c
```
----
## 執行
```shell=
main.exe
```
----
## 建立 `say.c`
```shell=
notepad say.c
```
## 修改 `say.c`
```clike=
void say(char* words)
{
printf(words);
printf("\n");
}
```
----
修改 `main.c`
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
say("Hello");
}
```
----
編譯成目的檔再進行連結。
```shell=
gcc -c main.c
gcc -c say.c
gcc -o main.exe main.o say.o
```
----
## 深入淺出 Hello World
* `stdio.h` ?
* `main()` ?
* `return 0` ?
----
## 錯誤代碼
```shell=
echo %ERRORLEVEL%
# 根據程式執行結果決定是否執行下一個指令
main.exe && echo ok
main.exe
if %ERRORLEVEL%==9 echo Error: Input Not Found
```
----
## C語言標準
```shell=
gcc -ansi -o main main.c
gcc -std=c89 -o main main.c
gcc -std=c99 -o main main.c
gcc -std=c11 -o main main.c
```
---
# 第一類
----
## 102、基本認識
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
double a, b;
double total;
printf("請輸入兩個浮點數:");
scanf("%lf %lf", &a, &b);
total = a + b;
printf("total=%f\n", total);
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
----
## 104、基本認識
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int unit;
double price = 23.34;
double total;
printf("請問您要買幾瓶蘋果汁? ");
scanf("%d", &unit);
total = unit * price;
printf("我買了%d瓶100%%的蘋果汁\n", unit);
printf("花了%f元", total);
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
----
## 106、基本認識
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int a, b, c, d;
printf("請輸入第一個整數? ");
scanf("%d", &a);
printf("請輸入第二個整數? ");
scanf("%d", &b);
printf("請輸入第三個整數? ");
scanf("%d", &c);
printf("請輸入第四個整數? ");
scanf("%d", &d);
printf("此式的餘數為%d\n", ((a+b)/2-(c+d)/2) % 2);
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
----
## 110、基本認識
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int a, b, c;
printf("請輸入變數a的值: ");
scanf("%d", &a);
printf("請輸入變數b的值: ");
scanf("%d", &b);
printf("請輸入變數c的值: ");
scanf("%d", &c);
//判斷a是否大於等於60且小於100，若是，則輸出1, 否則，輸出0
printf("%d\n", a >= 60 && a < 100);
//先將b加1後，再除以10.
printf("%f\n", ++b/10.);
//判斷a是否大於c，若是，則印出a，否則，印出c
printf("%d\n", a>c ? a : c);
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
---
# 第二類
----
## 202、選擇敘述與迴圈
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int score, adjust;
printf("請輸入分數:");
scanf("%d", &score);
if (score > 60) {
adjust = score + 10;
}
else {
adjust = score + 5;
}
printf("調整後的分數為%d\n", adjust);
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
----
## 204、選擇敘述與迴圈
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
char ch;
printf("請問您的身份:以字母表示分別如下：\n");
printf("U:表示大學生，M:表示研究生，P:表示博士生 ");
scanf("%c", &ch);
switch (ch)
{
case 'u':
case 'U':
printf("您是大學生\n");
break;
case 'm':
case 'M':
printf("您是研究生\n");
break;
case 'p':
case 'P':
printf("您是博士生\n");
break;
default:
printf("您輸入身份不正確\n");
}
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
----
## 206、選擇敘述與迴圈
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int i = 1, total = 0;
while (i <= 100)
{
total += i++;
}
printf("1加到100的總和:%d\n", total);
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
----
## 208、選擇敘述與迴圈
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int i, total = 0;
for (i = 1; i <= 100; i++)
{
total += i % 2 ? 0 : i;
}
printf("1到100的偶數和: %d\n", total);
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
## 210、選擇敘述與迴圈
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int i = 2, total = 0;
do
{
total += i;
i += 2;
} while (i <= 100);
printf("1到100的偶數和: %d\n", total);
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
---
# 第三類
----
## 302、函數與陣列
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int adjust(int);
int main()
{
int score, final;
printf("請輸入您的分數: ");
scanf("%d", &score);
final = adjust(score);
printf("調整後的分數: %d", final);
//system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
// int adjust(int score)
// {
// return score >= 60 ? score + 5 : score + 10;
// }
int adjust(int score)
{
int temp;
if (score >= 60)
temp = score + 5;
else
temp = score + 10;
return temp;
}
```
----
## 304、函數與陣列
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void callFun();
int main()
{
int i;
for (i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
{
callFun();
}
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
void callFun()
{
int ai = 100;
static int si = 100;
ai++;
si++;
printf("ai=%d, si=%d\n", ai, si);
}
```
----
## 306、函數與陣列
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int arr[6]={10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60};
int i, total=0;
for (i=0; i<6; i++) {
total += arr[i];
}
printf("總和為%d\n", total);
//system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
### 308、函數與陣列
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
double sum(double a[], int n);
int main()
{
double arr[5], total;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
printf("請輸入陣列arr[%d]元素值: ", i);
scanf("%lf", &arr[i]);
}
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
printf("arr[%d]=%.2f\n", i, arr[i]);
}
total = sum(arr, 5);
printf("此陣列的總和為%.2f\n", total);
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
double sum(double a[], int n)
{
int k;
double tot = 0;
for (k = 0; k < n; k++)
{
tot += a[k];
}
return tot;
}
```
----
### 310、函數與陣列
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int arr[5] = {100, 200, 300, 400, 500};
int i;
printf("\n陣列元素的值如下:\n");
for (i=0; i<5; i++)
{
printf("arr[%d]=%d\n", i, arr[i]);
}
printf("\n陣列元素的位址如下:\n");
for (i=0; i<5; i++)
{
printf("&arr[%d]=%p\n", i, &arr[i]);
}
printf("\n陣列元素的位址如下:\n");
for (i=0; i<5; i++)
{
printf("&arr[%d]=%p\n", i, arr+i);
}
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
---
# 第四類
----
## 402、指標
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int num=100;
int *pointer = #
printf("num=%d, *pointer=%d\n", num, *pointer);
//system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
----
## 406、指標
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void change(int *, int *);
int main()
{
int i = 100, j = 200;
printf("交換前i與j的值: \n");
printf("i=%d, j=%d\n", i, j);
change(&i, &j);
printf("交換後i與j的值: \n");
printf("i=%d, j=%d\n", i, j);
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
void change(int *x, int *y)
{
int temp;
temp=*x;
*x=*y;
*y=temp;
}
```
----
## 408、指標
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int Max(int *, int n);
int main ( )
{
int arr[5];
int maximum, i;
for (i=0; i<5; i++) {
printf("請輸入arr[%d]元素值: ", i);
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
printf("\n陣列的元素值分別如下:\n");
for (i=0; i<5; i++) {
printf("arr[%d]=%d\n", i, arr[i]);
}
maximum = Max(arr, 5);
printf("\n此陣列的最大值為%d\n", maximum);
//system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
int Max(int *p, int n)
{
int i, maxi_value = *p;
for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
if (maxi_value < *(p+i)) {
maxi_value = *(p+i);
}
}
return maxi_value;
}
```
----
## 410、指標
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int Max(int p[2][3], int n, int m);
int main()
{
int arr2[2][3];
int maximum, i, j;
for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
printf("請輸入arr[%d][%d]: ", i, j);
scanf("%d", &arr2[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\n陣列之值如下:\n");
for (i=0; i<2; i++) {
for (j=0; j<3; j++) {
printf("arr[%d][%d]=%d\n", i, j, arr2[i][j]);
}
}
maximum = Max(arr2, 2, 3);
printf("\n此陣列的最大值為%d\n", maximum);
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
int Max(int p[2][3], int x, int y)
{
int i, j, maxi_value = p[0][0];
for (i=0; i<x; i++) {
for (j=0; j<y; j++) {
if (maxi_value < p[i][j]) {
maxi_value = p[i][j];
}
}
}
return maxi_value;
}
```
----
## 工具箱
* [C Tutor - Visualize C code execution to learn C online](http://pythontutor.com/c.html)
指標練習範例。
```clike=
int main() {
int a = 3;
int b = 6;
int *c;
int *d;
int **e;
int ***f;
c = &a;
d = c + 1;
*d = 7;
e = &d;
f = &e;
printf("%d %d %d %d %d %d %d %d\n", a, b, *c, *c+1, *(c+1), *d, **e, ***f);
return 0;
}
```
理解指標與陣列。
```clike=
int main() {
int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int *p = arr;
int *p2 = arr + 2;
printf("%d %d %d %d\n", arr[2], *(arr + 2), *(p + 2), *p2);
return 0;
}
```
串列練習。
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct circle {
int x, y;
int radius;
struct circle *next;
};
int main() {
struct circle c1 = {2, 3, 10, NULL};
struct circle c2 = {3, 5, 8, NULL};
struct circle c3 = {4, 6, 12, NULL};
c1.next = &c2;
c2.next = &c3;
struct circle *current;
current = &c1;
while (current != NULL) {
printf("Circle (%d, %d) %d\n", current->x, current->y, current->radius);
current = current->next;
}
return 0;
}
```
字元與 ASCII 代碼。
```clike=
char ch, ch2;
ch = 'a';
ch2 = 'A';
printf("%c\n", ch);
printf("%c\n", ch2);
printf("%d\n", ch);
printf("%d\n", ch2);
printf("%d\n", ch - ch2);
```
字串處理。
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char str[100] = "abc";
int i;
printf("%d\n", sizeof(str));
for (i = 0; i < sizeof(str); i++) {
if (str[i] == 0) {
break;
}
putchar(str[i]);
}
system("pause");
}
```
---
# 第五類
----
## 502、結構
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main ()
{
struct circle {
int x, y;
double radius;
};
double area;
struct circle c1={10, 10, 2.5};
area = c1.radius*c1.radius*3.14159;
printf("此圓的圓心為(%d, %d), 面積為%.2f\n", c1.x, c1.y, area);
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
## 504、結構
```clike=
struct rect
{
int length, width;
};
int callarea(struct rect *pr);
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main ()
{
int area;
struct rect r1= {20, 18};
area = callarea(&r1);
printf("此矩形的長為%d, 寬為%d, 面積為%d\n", r1.length, r1.width, area);
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
int callarea(struct rect *pr)
{
return pr->length * pr->width;
}
```
----
## 506、結構
```clike=
struct circle {
int x, y;
double radius;
};
double callarea(struct circle *pr);
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
double area;
struct circle c1={10, 10, 8.5};
area = callarea(&c1);
printf("此圓的圓心為(%d, %d), 半徑為%.2f, 面積為%.2f\n",
c1.x, c1.y, c1.radius, area);
//system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
double callarea(struct circle *pr)
{
return pr->radius * pr->radius * 3.14159;
}
```
----
----
## 508、結構
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
struct company {
char name[10];
int hour;
double pay;
};
struct company employee[5];
double salary[5];
int i;
for (i=0; i<5; i++)
{
printf("請輸入第%d位員工的姓名: ", i+1);
scanf("%s", employee[i].name);
printf("請輸入第%d位員工的工作時數: ", i+1);
scanf("%d", &employee[i].hour);
printf("請輸入第%d位員工一小時的工資: ", i+1);
scanf("%lf", &employee[i].pay);
}
for (i=0; i<5; i++)
{
salary[i]=employee[i].hour*employee[i].pay;
printf("%-10s 的薪水為 %.2f\n", employee[i].name, salary[i]);
}
//system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
----
## 510、結構
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
struct circle {
int x, y;
int radius;
struct circle *next;
};
struct circle *a, *b, *c, *current;
a = (struct circle *)malloc(sizeof(struct circle));
printf("請輸入第一個圓的圓心(x, y): ");
scanf("%d %d", &a->x, &a->y);
printf("請輸入第一個圓的半徑: ");
scanf("%d", &a->radius);
a->next = NULL;
b = (struct circle *)malloc(sizeof(struct circle));
printf("請輸入第二個圓的圓心(x, y): ");
scanf("%d %d", &b->x, &b->y);
printf("請輸入第二個圓的半徑: ");
scanf("%d", &b->radius);
b->next = NULL;
a->next= b;
c = (struct circle *)malloc(sizeof(struct circle));
printf("請輸入第三個圓的圓心(x, y): ");
scanf("%d %d", &c->x, &c->y);
printf("請輸入第三個圓的半徑: ");
scanf("%d", &c->radius);
c->next=NULL;
b->next=c;
current = a;
int i = 1;
while (current != NULL) {
printf("第%d個圓的圓心為(%d, %d), 半徑為%d\n",
i, current->x, current->y, current->radius);
current = current->next;
i++;
}
free(a);
free(b);
free(c);
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
----
----
## 補充練習
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct list {
int n;
struct list *next;
};
int main() {
int i;
struct list *curr;
struct list *temp;
struct list *prev = NULL;
for (i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
temp = (struct list *)malloc(sizeof(struct list));
temp->n = (i + 1) * 10;
temp->next = NULL;
if (prev != NULL) {
prev->next = temp;
}
else {
curr = temp;
}
prev = temp;
}
while (curr != NULL) {
printf("%d\n", curr->n);
curr = curr->next;
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
```
---
# 第六類
----
## 602、字元字串與檔案處理
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int main ()
{
char str2[]="Apple iPod";
char str4[]="Apple iPad";
int n;
n = strcmp(str2, str4);
if (n > 0)
{
printf("%s大於%s\n", str2, str4);
}
else if (n == 0)
{
printf("%s等於%s\n", str2, str4);
}
else
{
printf("%s小於%s\n", str2, str4);
}
n = strncmp(str2, str4, 5);
if (n > 0)
{
printf("%s前五個字元大於%s前五個字元\n", str2, str4);
}
else if (n == 0)
{
printf("%s前五個字元等於%s前五個字元\n", str2, str4);
}
else
{
printf("%s前五個字元小於%s前五個字元\n", str2, str4);
}
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
----
## 604、字元字串與檔案處理
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
int main()
{
char ch, ch2;
printf("請輸入一小寫的英文字母: ");
ch = getchar();
getchar();
//將下列的字元轉為大寫
ch2 = toupper(ch);
printf("%c的大寫是%c\n", ch, ch2);
/*
while (ch != '\n') {
continue;
}
*/
printf("請輸入一大寫的英文字母: ");
ch = getchar();
getchar();
//將下列的字元轉為小寫
ch2 = tolower(ch);
printf("%c的小寫是%c\n", ch, ch2);
//system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
----
## 606、字元字串與檔案處理
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fptr;
char ch;
fptr = fopen("character.dat", "w");
printf("請輸入一字元: ");
scanf("%c", &ch);
//將一行多餘的字元丟掉
while (getchar() != '\n') {
continue;
}
while (ch != '*') {
fprintf(fptr, "%c", ch);
printf("請輸入一字元: ");
scanf("%c", &ch);
//將一行多餘的字元丟掉
while (getchar() != '\n') {
continue;
}
}
fclose(fptr);
fptr = fopen("character.dat", "r");
printf("\n以下是您輸入的資料:\n");
while (fscanf(fptr, "%c", &ch) != EOF) {
printf("%3c\n", ch);
}
fclose(fptr);
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
----
## 608、字元字串與檔案處理
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
char str[]="Apple iPhone 4";
char sttr[]={'i', 'P', 'a', 'd', '\0'};
char *pstr="Apple iPod";
printf("str字串如下: %s\n", str);
printf("sttr字串如下: %s\n", sttr);
printf("pstr字串如下: %s\n", pstr);
//system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
----
## 610、字元字串與檔案處理
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fptr;
char name[20];
int score;
fptr = fopen("score.dat", "w");
printf("請輸入姓名: ");
scanf("%s", name);
printf("請輸入分數: ");
scanf("%d", &score);
while (score != -100) {
fprintf(fptr, "%s %d\n", name, score);
printf("請輸入姓名: ");
scanf("%s", name);
printf("請輸入分數: ");
scanf("%d", &score);
}
fclose(fptr);
fptr = fopen("score.dat", "r");
printf("\n以下是您輸入的資料:\n");
while (fscanf(fptr, "%s %d", name, &score) != EOF)
{
printf("%-10s %3d\n", name, score);
}
fclose(fptr);
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
---
# 第七類
----
## 702、其他論題
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
char string[20];
int output;
printf("請輸入一數字的字串: ");
scanf("%s", string);
output = atoi(string);
printf("%s轉換後的整數為%d\n", string, output);
//system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
----
## 704、其他論題
```clike=
#define TRIPLE(x) (x)*(x)*(x)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int num, triple_num;
printf("請輸入一個整數: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
triple_num = TRIPLE(num);
printf("%d的三次方為%d\n", num, triple_num);
triple_num = TRIPLE(4+1);
printf("5的三次方為%d\n", triple_num);
//system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
----
## 706、其他論題
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
int main()
{
int x, y;
double result;
printf("請輸入x, y的值: ");
scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
result = exp(5) * sqrt(pow(x, y) + log(100)) / pow(x, 2) * pow(y, 3);
printf("result=%f\n", result);
//system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
----
## 708、其他論題
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#define random(x) rand()%x+1
int main()
{
int i, j;
int x;
//srand(time(NULL));
printf("隨機數的最大值為: ");
scanf("%d", &x);
for (i=0; i<5; i++) {
for (j=0; j<4; j++) {
printf("%5d ", random(x));
}
printf("\n");
}
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
-----
## 710、其他論題
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
/* 若沒有定義Knum, 則加以定義為1000 */
#ifndef Knum
#define Knum 1000
#endif
/* 將Knum解除定義, 之後再定義為200 */
#undef Knum
#define Knum 200
int main ()
{
/* 印出最後的Knum值 */
printf("Knum = %d\n", Knum);
/* 下列的變數d和i共用8個Bytes, 不是12個Bytes */
typedef union {
double d;
int i;
} dataType;
dataType dT;
printf("請輸入d的變數值: ");
scanf("%lf", &dT.d);
printf("%f\n", dT.d);
printf("請輸入i的變數值: ");
scanf("%d", &dT.i);
printf("%d\n", dT.i);
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
---
# 第八類
----
## 802、不定數迴圈
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int score = 0;
int grade;
while (score >= 0 && score <= 100)
{
printf("please input score:");
scanf("%d", &score);
if (score >= 0 && score <= 100)
{
grade = score / 10;
switch (grade)
{
case 10:
printf("grade:A+\n");
break;
case 9:
printf("grade:A\n");
break;
case 8:
printf("grade:B\n");
break;
case 7:
printf("grade:C\n");
break;
case 6:
printf("grade:D\n");
break;
default:
printf("grade:E\n");
}
}
}
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
----
## 804、平均值計算
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
float average(float[], int);
int main()
{
int i;
float data[6];
for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
printf("請輸入第%d個浮點數:", i + 1);
scanf("%f", data+i);
}
printf("您輸入的陣列值如下\n");
for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
printf("data[%d]:%.3f\n", i, data[i]);
}
printf("平均:%.4f\n", average(data, 6));
system("pause");
return 0;
}
float average(float arr2[], int n)
{
float sum = 0;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
sum += arr2[i];
}
return sum / n;
}
```
----
## 806、九九乘法表
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void printStar(int);
void multiply(int, int);
int main() {
int n1, n2;
printf("請輸入您要幾成幾的乘法表(最多10):");
scanf("%d", &n1);
printf("請輸入您要多少個星星(*):");
scanf("%d", &n2);
printStar(n2);
if (n1 <= 10) {
multiply(n1, n2);
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
void multiply(int n1, int n2)
{
int i, j;
for (i = 1; i <= n1; i++) {
for (j = 1; j <= n1; j++) {
printf("%2d*%2d=%2d ", i, j, i * j);
}
printf("\n");
printStar(n2);
}
}
void printStar(int n)
{
int i;
for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("*");
}
printf("\n");
}
```
----
## 808、氣泡排序
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void sorting(int[], int);
int main()
{
int i;
int scoredata[10] = {3,1,6,9,5,2,7,10,4,8};
printf("請輸入十個數...\n");
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
printf("第 %d 個: ", i + 1);
scanf("%d", &scoredata[i]);
}
printf("排序前: ");
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
printf("%d ", scoredata[i]);
}
printf("\n");
sorting(scoredata, 10);
printf("排序後: ");
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
printf("%d ", scoredata[i]);
}
printf("\n");
system("pause");
return 0;
}
void sorting(int data2[], int n)
{
int i, j, temp, count = 0;
for (i=0; i < n-1; i++) {
for (j=0; j < n-i-1; j++) {
if (data2[j] > data2[j+1]) {
temp = data2[j];
data2[j] = data2[j+1];
data2[j+1] = temp;
count++;
}
}
}
printf("排序次數: %d\n", count);
}
```
----
## 810、矩陣乘積
```clike=
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
int main()
{
int i, j, m1[3][3], m2[3][3], m3[3][3];
printf("請輸入矩陣一...\n");
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
printf("m1[%d][%d]:", i, j);
scanf("%d", &m1[i][j]);
}
}
printf("請輸入矩陣二...\n");
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
printf("m2[%d][%d]:", i, j);
scanf("%d", &m2[i][j]);
}
}
//計算矩陣三
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
m3[i][j] = pow(m1[i][j], m2[i][j]);
}
}
printf("矩陣一\n");
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
printf("%3d ", m1[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("矩陣二\n");
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
printf("%3d ", m2[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("矩陣三\n");
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
printf("%3d ", m3[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
---
# 第九類
----
## 904、成績檔案讀寫
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp = fopen("score.dat", "w");
int score = 0;
char name[32];
while (score >= 0) {
printf("請輸入學生的姓名(分數輸入負的分數時結束):");
scanf("%s", name);
printf("請輸入此學生C語言分數:");
scanf("%d", &score);
fprintf(fp, "%s\n", name);
fprintf(fp, "%d\n", score);
}
fclose(fp);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
```
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp = fopen("score.dat", "r");
int score = 0;
char name[32];
while (score >= 0) {
fscanf(fp, "%s", name);
fscanf(fp, "%d", &score);
if (score >= 0) {
printf("%s的C語言分數是%d\n", name, score);
}
}
fclose(fp);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
```
----
## 906、學生成績
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct student {
char name[32];
int score;
};
int main()
{
int i;
struct student data[5];
for (i=0; i<5; i++) {
printf("請輸入第%d位同學的姓名:", i+1);
scanf("%s", data[i].name);
printf("請輸入第%d位同學C語言的分數:", i+1);
scanf("%d", &data[i].score);
}
for (i=0; i<5; i++) {
printf("%-20s %3d\n", data[i].name, data[i].score);
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
```
----
## 908、亂數
```clike=
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
int main() {
int i, j, rnd;
srand(time(NULL));
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
rnd = rand() % 1000 + 1;
printf("%4d ", rnd);
}
putchar('\n');
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
```
----
## 910、動態記憶體配置
```clike=
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
struct student
{
char name[32];
int score;
struct student* next;
};
int main()
{
struct student *a, *b, *c, *current;
a = malloc(sizeof(struct student));
printf("請輸入第一個學生姓名: ");
scanf("%s", a->name);
printf("分數: ");
scanf("%d", &a->score );
a->next = NULL;
b = malloc(sizeof(struct student));
printf("請輸入第二個學生姓名: ");
scanf("%s", b->name);
printf("分數: ");
scanf("%d", &b->score );
b->next = NULL;
c = malloc(sizeof(struct student));
printf("請輸入第三個學生姓名: ");
scanf("%s", c->name);
printf("分數: ");
scanf("%d", &c->score );
c->next = NULL;
a->next = b;
b->next = c;
printf("\n輸出...\n");
current = a;
while (current!=NULL)
{
printf("學生: %s\n", current->name);
printf("分數: %d\n\n", current->score);
current = current->next;
}
free(a);
free(b);
free(c);
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
```
---
# 延伸閱讀
* [你腦袋的C更新了嗎？](https://www.ithome.com.tw/voice/108806)
* 書：[21 世紀 C 語言](https://www.tenlong.com.tw/products/9789863470403)
* 書：[精通C程式設計](https://www.tenlong.com.tw/products/9789864766437)
* 書：[無瑕的程式碼－敏捷軟體開發技巧守則](https://www.tenlong.com.tw/products/9789862017050) Clean Code
* 書：[無瑕的程式碼 番外篇－專業程式設計師的生存之道](https://www.tenlong.com.tw/products/9789862017883) Clean Coder
* 經典書：The C programming language、C Primer Plus
* [視覺化氣泡排序法](https://visualgo.net/en/sorting)
---
Kyle
<i class="fa fa-paper-plane"></i> lyhcode@gmail.com
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