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# System prepended metadata

title: Lingustics 201 Final notes

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# Lingustics 201 Final notes

## IPA
![](https://i.imgur.com/kFVbWzO.png)

![](https://i.imgur.com/Fu1EeKi.png)


## Syllabification Procedure
- Syllabification algorithm

## Phonotiactic Constraints
![](https://i.imgur.com/P39dGQ2.png)


### The largest onsets
### Codas
- If the first of two consonats in a coda is [-voice], the seond must be [-voice] too
- If the first of two consonats in a coda is [+voice], [-sonorant], the seond must be [-voice] too
- If one of two consonants in a coda is [+sonorant], it must be the first. 

## Phonological Features
![](https://i.imgur.com/uYPgRSu.png)

## How to discover phonemes and allophone
discover and write an allophonic rule

## How to build up a word from its morphemes 
- Morpheme is a sequence of phonemes to which a meaning is assigned.
- A morpheme that can stand alone is called a free morpheme
- A morpheme that cannot stand on its own is called a bound morpheme and is also called a affix. 

### Past Tense Rule:
- Verb + [d] = Verb
- [d] -> [t] when we do not want to violate the coda constraint [\*coda] -> [\-voice] [+voice]
- insert [~~i~~] to break up a conda that has two consonants that are too similar

## The Right Hand Head Rule
In a word built from two morphemes, the category of the word is copied from the category of the rightmost morpheme. 


## The diffrences between inflectinoal and derivational morphemes
- Inflectional morphemes never affect the category of the word being built. They can also have effects on teh form of other words in a sentence
- Derivational morphemes aren't capable of affecting the form of other words in a sentence. Derivational morphemes can affect the category of the word they create.
- Ordering: A derivational affix cannot be added to a word built with an inflectional affix. 

## Acquisition of Syntax
- Phrase structure ruels seem to be acqured instantly: kids make no mistakes about word order
- Rules are acqured as soon as the terms invovledi n the ruel are discovered
- Bellug's Stages: Acquiring the Question Rule and Negation
	- Stage 1: Questinos done with intonation & not S
	- Stage 2: Questions done with intonantion & NP not VP
	- Stage 3: Question rule and Negation rule and this is the first time they know what an auxilary verb is.
	- What is hard is to learna auxilary verbs. Then they learning placing not and where to place teh auxilary verb.

## Acquisition of Phonology
- Learning about phonemes is unlearning!
- Onsets and Codas are simple early on compared to adults vs children. 
- Consonants made in the front of the mouth are learned earlier than those made in the back.
- They make up rules.
