Core Scrum
===
###### tags: `Scrum`
source: [Core Scrum](https://www.scrumalliance.org/ScrumRedesignDEVSite/media/ScrumAllianceMedia/Files%20and%20PDFs/Learn%20About%20Scrum/Core-Scrum.pdf)
ScrumAllianceã®ã¹ã¯ã©ã ã³ãŒãã®æ¹ã«ãããšãã¹ã¯ã©ã ã³ãŒãã®ã¹ã¯ã©ã ã®å®çŸ©ã®åå
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# What is Scrum?
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ãšã¯ïŒ
Scrum is the leading Agile product development framework.
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ã¯ãäž»èŠãªã¢ãžã£ã€ã«è£œåéçºãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã§ãã
It provides a foundation and path to delivering business goals in a collaborative, sane, and enjoyable manner.
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šã§ããããŠæ¥œããæ¹æ³ã§ããžãã¹ç®æšãå±ããããã®åºç€ãšéçãæäŸããŸãã
When was the last time you put "collaborative, sane, and enjoyable" in the same sentence with "business goals"? You may not remember unless you already use Scrum, but with Scrum you can, indeed, enjoy your work again!
ãå
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šã§ããããŠæ¥œããäœæ¥ãããããšãã§ããããã«ãªããŸãïŒ
Scrum was created with software development in mind, but many other industries apply this framework to their own worlds. In fact, education, marketing, operations, and more are adopting Scrum and enjoying the benefits it brings them.
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ã¯ãœãããŠã§ã¢éçºã念é ã«çœ®ããŠäœæãããŸãããããã®ä»ã®å€ãã®æ¥çã§ããã®ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãããããã®äžçã«é©çšããŠããŸããå®éãæè²ãããŒã±ãã£ã³ã°ããªãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãªã©ãã¹ã¯ã©ã ãæ¡çšãããããããããå©çãæ¥œããã§ããŸãã
---
# How did Scrum originate?
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ã®ç±æ¥ã¯ïŒ
The concept that would become Scrum was first introduced to the world in 1986 by Hirotaka Takeuchi and Ikujiro Nonaka in the "New New Product Development Game" (Harvard Business Review, January/February 1986).
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ãšãªãæŠå¿µã¯ã1986幎㫠"New New Product Development Game"ïŒHarvard Business Reviewã1986幎1æ/ 2æïŒã§ã竹å
å®éãšéäžé次éã«ãã£ãŠäžçã«æåã«å°å
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They defined their approach as a "flexible, holistic product development strategy" and proposed it would result in fast, flexible product development.
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éã§æè»ãªè£œåéçºãããããã ãããšææ¡ããŸããã
They called it the holistic or "rugby" approach because, much like in a rugby match, one cross-functional team passes the "ball" back and forth on the way to the "goal line."
圌ãã¯ãããå
šäœè«çãŸãã¯ãã©ã°ããŒãã¢ãããŒããšåŒãã§ããŸããããšããã®ããã©ã°ããŒã®è©Šåã®ããã«ãããæ©èœæšªæåããŒã ããããŒã«ããããŽãŒã«ã©ã€ã³ãã«åãã£ãŠè¡ã£ããæ¥ããããããã§ãã
This was, and continues to be, in stark contrast to approaches that progress in a rigid, linear fashion.
ããã¯ã硬çŽçã§çŽç·çãªæ¹æ³ã§é²æ©ããã¢ãããŒããšã¯å
šã察ç
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---
# Scrum Principles
## The Agile Manifesto
In 2001, 17 individuals gathered in the Wasatch mountains of Utah to find common ground around Agile.
After much skiing, talking, relaxing, and eating, they arrived at four common values that led to the development of the Agile Manifesto.
2001幎ã17人ããŠã¿å·ã®ã¯ãµããå±±èã«éãŸããã¢ãžã£ã€ã«åšèŸºã«å
±éèªèãèŠåºããŸããã ã¹ããŒãäŒè©±ããªã©ãã¯ã¹ããããŠé£äºã®åŸã圌ãã¯ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«ãããã§ã¹ãã®éçºã«ã€ãªãã£ã4ã€ã®å
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---
# Common Values from the Agile Manifesto
Scrum is an Agile framework and, as such, is consistent with the values of the Agile Manifesto.
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ã¯ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã§ããããã®ãããã¢ãžã£ã€ã«ãããã§ã¹ãã®äŸ¡å€èгãšäžèŽããŠããŸãã
## Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
ããã»ã¹ãããŒã«ãããå人ãšã®å¯Ÿè©±ã
Scrum is a team-based approach to delivering value to the business. Team members work together to achieve a shared business goal.
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ã¯ãããžãã¹ã«äŸ¡å€ãæäŸããããã®ããŒã ããŒã¹ã®ã¢ãããŒãã§ãã ããŒã ã¡ã³ããŒã¯å
±åããŠå
±æãããããžãã¹ç®æšãéæããŸãã
The Scrum framework promotes effective interaction between team members so the team delivers value to the business.
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ãããŒã ã¡ã³ããŒéã®å¹æçãªããåããä¿é²ããããŒã ãããžãã¹ã«äŸ¡å€ãæäŸããããã«ããŸãã
Once the team gets a business goal, it:
ããŒã ãããžãã¹ç®æšãçè§£(gets a business)ãããšã次ã®ããã«ãªããŸãã
* Figures out how to do the work
ä»äºã®ä»æ¹ãçè§£ããŸã
* Does the work
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* Identifies what's getting in its way
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* Takes responsibility to resolve all the difficulties within its scope
ãã®ç¯å²å
ã®ãã¹ãŠã®åé¡ã解決ãã責任ãè² ããŸã
* Works with other parts of the organization to resolve concerns outside their control
çµç¹ã®ä»ã®éšåãšååããŠãèªåã®ç®¡çå€ã®åé¡ã解決ããŸã
This focus on team responsibility in Scrum is critical.
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ã«ãããŠããŒã ã®è²¬ä»»ãéèŠããããšã¯éåžžã«éèŠã§ãã
## Working software over comprehensive documentation
å
æ¬çãªããã¥ã¡ã³ããããåããœãããŠã§ã¢ã
Scrum requires a working, finished product increment as the primary result of every sprint.
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ã¯ããã¹ãŠã®ã¹ããªã³ãã®äž»ãªçµæãšããŠãåäœããã宿ãããããã¯ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ããå¿
èŠãšããŸãã
Whatever activities take place during the sprint, the focus is on the creation of the product increment. A Scrum teamâs goal is to produce a product increment every sprint.
ã¹ããªã³ãäžã«ã©ããªæŽ»åãè¡ãããããšããçŠç¹ã¯ãããã¯ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã®äœæã«ãããŸãã ã¹ã¯ã©ã ããŒã ã®ç®æšã¯ãã¹ããªã³ãããšã«ãããã¯ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ããäœãããšã§ãã
The increment may not yet include enough functionality for the business to decide to ship it, but the teamâs job is to ensure the functionality present is of shippable quality.
ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã«ã¯ãããžãã¹ãåºè·ããããšã決å®ããã®ã«ååãªæ©èœããŸã å«ãŸããŠããªãå¯èœæ§ããããŸãããããŒã ã®ä»äºã¯ãååšããæ©èœãåºè·å¯èœãªå質ã§ããããšã確èªããããšã§ãã
## Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
å¥çŽäº€æžããã顧客ãšã®å調ã
Scrum is a framework designed to promote and facilitate collaboration. Team members collaborate with each other to find the best way to build and deliver the software, or other deliverables, to the business.
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ã¯ã³ã©ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå¢é²ãä¿é²ããããã«èšèšããããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã§ãã ããŒã ã¡ã³ããŒã¯äºãã«ååããŠããœãããŠã§ã¢ããã®ä»ã®ææç©ãæ§ç¯ããŠããžãã¹ã«æäŸããæåã®æ¹æ³ãèŠã€ããŸãã
The team, especially the product owner, collaborates with stakeholders to inspect and adapt the product vision so the product will be as valuable as possible.
ããŒã ãç¹ã«ãããã¯ããªãŒããŒã¯ã補åãã§ããã ã䟡å€ãããã®ã«ãªãããã«ã補åã®ããžã§ã³ãæ€æ»ããŠèª¿æŽããããã«é¢ä¿è
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### Responding to change over following a plan
èšç»ã«åŸãããšãããå€åãžã®å¯Ÿå¿ã
Scrum teams make frequent plans.
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ããŒã ã¯é »ç¹ã«èšç»ãç«ãŠãŸãã
For starters, they plan the current sprint.
ãŸã第äžã«ã圌ãã¯çŸåšã®ã¹ããªã³ããèšç»ããŸãã
In addition, many teams create longer-term plans, such as release plans and product roadmaps. These plans help the team and the business make decisions.
ããã«ãå€ãã®ããŒã ããªãªãŒã¹èšç»ããããã¯ãããŒãããããªã©ã®é·æèšç»ãäœæããŸãããããã®èšç»ã¯ããŒã ãšããžãã¹ã決å®ãäžãã®ãå©ããŸãã
However, the teamâs goal is not to blindly follow the plan; the goal is to create value and embrace change.
ãã ããããŒã ã®ç®æšã¯ãèšç»ã«ç²ç®çã«åŸãããšã§ã¯ãããŸããã䟡å€ãåµé ããå€åãåãå
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In essence, the thought process and ideas necessary for planning are more important than the plan itself.
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èŠãªæèããã»ã¹ãšã¢ã€ãã¢ã¯ãèšç»èªäœãããéèŠã§ãã
A plan created early is based on less information than will be available in the future so, naturally, it may not be the best plan.
æ©æã«äœæãããèšç»ã¯ãå°æ¥å©çšå¯èœã«ãªããããå°ãªãæ
å ±ã«åºã¥ããŠããã®ã§ãåœç¶ã®ããšãªãããããã¯æåã®èšç»ã§ã¯ãªãå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
As new information is discovered, the team updates the product backlog. That means the direction of the product likely shifts.
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å ±ãçºèŠããããšãããŒã ã¯ãããã¯ãããã¯ãã°ãæŽæ°ããŸããããã¯ååã®æ¹åã¯å€ãããããšããããšãæå³ããŸãã
This continuous planning improves the teamâs chances of success as it incorporates new knowledge into the experience.
ãã®ç¶ç¶çãªèšç»ã¯ããããŸã§ã®çµéšã«æ°ããç¥èãåãå
¥ããããšã«ãããããŒã ã®æåã®å¯èœæ§ãé«ããŸãã
Scrum teams constantly respond to change so that the best possible outcome can be achieved.
æè¯ã®çµæãåŸãããããã«ãã¹ã¯ã©ã ããŒã ã¯åžžã«å€åã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŸãã
Scrum can be described as a framework of feedback loops, allowing the team to constantly inspect and adapt so the product delivers maximum value.
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ã¯ãã£ãŒãããã¯ã«ãŒãã®ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãšããŠèª¬æããããšãã§ããŸããããŒã ãçµ¶ããæ€æ»ãšé©å¿ãè¡ãã補åãæå€§ã®äŸ¡å€ãæäŸããããšãå¯èœã«ããŸãã
---
# Scrum Values
All work performed in Scrum needs a set of values as the foundation for the team's processes and interactions.And by embracing these five values, the team makes them even more instrumental to its health and success.
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ã§å®è¡ããããã¹ãŠã®äœæ¥ã¯ãããŒã ã®ããã»ã¹ãšå
±åäœæ¥ã®åºç€ãšããŠäžé£ã®Value(䟡å€èг)ãå¿
èŠãšããŸãããããŠãããã5ã€ã®äŸ¡å€èгãåãå
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## Focus (éäž)
Because we focus on only a few things at a time, we work well together and produce excellent work. We deliver valuable items sooner.
ç§ãã¡ã¯äžåºŠã«å°ãã®ããšã ãã«éäžããããšã«ãããããŸãå
±åããçŽ æŽãããä»äºãçã¿åºããŸããç§éã¯äŸ¡å€ã®ããã¢ã€ãã ãæ©ãããªããªãŒããŸãã
## Courage ïŒåæ°)
Because we work as a team, we feel supported and have more resources at our disposal.
This gives us the courage to undertake greater challenges.
ç§ãã¡ã¯ããŒã ãšããŠåãããšã«ãããæ¯ããããŠãããšæããããèªç±ã«äœ¿ãããªãœãŒã¹ãåŸãããŸããããã¯ç§ãã¡ã«ãã£ãšå€§ããªææŠãããåæ°ãäžããŠãããŸãã
## Openness (å
Ž)
As we work together, we express how we're doing, what's in our way, and our concerns so they can be addressed.
ç§ãã¡ãå
±åãããšããç§ãã¡ã¯èªåãã¡ã®ããŠããããšãããæ¹ãæžå¿µããŠããããšè¡šæ(express)ããããšã«ãããããããäžæã察åŠ(address)ã§ããããã«ããŸãã
## Commitment (ç®èº«?)
Because we have great control over our own destiny, we are more committed to success.
ç§ãã¡ã¯èªåã®éåœã倧ããã³ã³ãããŒã«ããããšãã§ããã®ã§ãæåã«åããŠããäžå±€ã®åªåãããããšãã§ããŸãã
## Respect (å°æ¬)
As we work together, sharing successes and failures, we come to respect each other and to help each other become worthy of respect.
ç§ãã¡ã¯å
±åããã«é£ããŠãæåãšå€±æãå
±æããªããããäºããå°éãããäºããå°æ¬ã«å€ãããã®ã«ãªãã®ãå©ããŸãã
As an organization applies Scrum it discovers its benefits. At the same time, it sees how these values inherently contribute to the success of Scrum and understands why they are both needed, and bolstered, by Scrum
çµç¹ãã¹ã¯ã©ã ãé©çšãããšããã®å©ç¹ãçºèŠããŸããåæã«ããããã®Valueãã¹ã¯ã©ã ã®æåã«ã©ã®ããã«æ¬è³ªçãªè²¢ç®ãããŠããã®ããçè§£ããããããã¹ã¯ã©ã ã«ãã£ãŠå¿
èŠãšãããæ¯æãããŠããçç±ãçè§£ããããã«ãªããŸãã
---
# Scrum Framework
Scrum begins when customers need a product.
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èŠãšãããšãã«ã¹ã¯ã©ã ãå§ãŸããŸãã
The Scrum framework guides the creation of that product, with a focus on value and high visibility of progress.
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ã䟡å€ãšé²æ©ã®é«ãå¯èŠæ§ã«çŠç¹ãåãããŠããã®è£œåã®äœæãå°ããŸãã
Working from a dynamic list of the most valuable things to do, and using the Scrum framework, a Scrum team brings that product from an idea to life.
è¡ãã¹ãæã䟡å€ã®ãããã®ã®åçãªãªã¹ãããäœæ¥ããã¹ã¯ã©ã ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã䜿çšããŠãã¹ã¯ã©ã ããŒã ã¯ãã®è£œåãã¢ã€ãã¢ããçŸå®ãžãšå°ããŸãã
The Scrum framework is consistent across products and that is what makes it so useful. You donât have to modify the framework depending on the product; you use one across all.
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯è£œåéã§äžè²«ããŠããããã®ããšããšãŠã䟿å©ã§ãã補åã«å¿ããŠãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã倿Žããå¿
èŠã¯ãããŸãããããªãã¯ã©ã®ãããªå Žåã§ãäžã€ã®ããã»ã¹ã䜿ãäºãã§ããŸãã
## Scrum roles
A Scrum team has three roles:
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ããŒã ã«ã¯3ã€ã®åœ¹å²ããããŸãã
* Product Owner -- holds the vision for the product
ãããã¯ããªãŒã㌠-- 補åã®ããžã§ã³ãä¿æããŸã
* ScrumMaster -- helps the team best use Scrum to build the product
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ãã¹ã¿ãŒ -- ããŒã ã補åãæ§ç¯ããããã«ã¹ã¯ã©ã ãæããã䜿çšããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
* Development team -- builds the product
éçºããŒã - ããŒã ã補åãæ§ç¯ããããã«ã¹ã¯ã©ã ãæããã䜿çšããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
The product is built incrementally in a series of short time periods called sprints.
Sprints have a defined length, typically from one to four weeks.
ãã®è£œåã¯ãã¹ããªã³ããšåŒã°ããäžé£ã®çæéã§æ®µéçã«æ§ç¯ãããŸããã¹ããªã³ãã®é·ãã¯æ±ºãŸã£ãŠããŠãéåžž1ã4é±éã§ãã
Most teams find that short sprints work better than long ones
ã»ãšãã©ã®ããŒã ã¯ãçãã¹ããªã³ãã¯é·ãã¹ããªã³ãããã广çã§ãããšèããŠããŸãã
During each sprint, the Scrum team builds and delivers a product increment, which is a shippable subset of the product.
åã¹ããªã³ãã®éã«ãã¹ã¯ã©ã ããŒã ã¯è£œåã®å¢åãäœæããŠæäŸããŸããããã¯è£œåã®åºè·å¯èœãªãµãã»ããã§ãã
Each product increment is a recognizable, visibly improved, operating version of the product, meeting defined acceptance criteria and built to a level of quality called done.
å補åã®å¢åã¯ãæç¢ºã«èªèãããç®ã«èŠããŠæ¹åããã補åã®åäœããŒãžã§ã³ã§ãããå®çŸ©ãããèš±å®¹åºæºãæºãããå®äºãšåŒã°ããã¬ãã«ã®åè³ªã«æ§ç¯ãããŠããŸãã
## Scrum artifacts
Scrum features three tangible artifacts:
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ã«ã¯ã3ã€ã®å
·äœçãªææç©ããããŸãã
* Product increment -- an integrated, shippable subset of the product
ãããã¯ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ã - ãããã¯ã(ææç©)ã®çµ±åãããåºè·å¯èœãªãµãã»ãã
* Product backlog -- the list of ideas for the product, in order of priority
ãããã¯ãããã¯ãã° - åªå
é äœã¥ãããããããã¯ãã®ã¢ã€ãã¢ã®ãªã¹ã
* Sprint backlog -- the detailed plan for development during the next sprint
ã¹ããªã³ãããã¯ãã° - 次ã®ã¹ããªã³ãã«ãããéçºã®ããã®è©³çްãªèšç»
> [name=little-hands]ãããã¯ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã«ã€ããŠ
æèš³ïŒåºè·å¯èœãªåè³ªã®ææç©
ãããã¯ãïŒãœãããŠã§ã¢ãšã¯éããªãããææç©ããããã®èš³ãé©åããã(åèïŒ[weblio](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/produkp['/./ct)) (ã¹ã¯ã©ã ã¯ãœãããŠã§ã¢æ¥ç以å€ã§ãé©çšããã)
ãŸããåºè·(Ship)ãšã¯ïŒ
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ã»ããŒã ãã«ãã£ã³ã°ãªãããŒã ãšããŠã®æŽ»åéå§
ãšãã£ããããªè§£éãšæããã
The team displays its plans and progress so that all team members and stakeholders can always see what the team is accomplishing.
ããŒã ã¯ãã®èšç»ãšé²æç¶æ³ã衚瀺ããŠããã¹ãŠã®ããŒã ã¡ã³ããŒãšé¢ä¿è
ãããŒã ã®éæç¶æ³ãåžžã«ç¢ºèªã§ããããã«ããŸãã
## Scrum activities
Finally, Scrum includes five activities, or meetings:
æåŸã«ãã¹ã¯ã©ã ã«ã¯5ã€ã®æŽ»åãã€ãŸãäŒè°ããããŸãã
* Product backlog refinement
* Sprint planning
* Daily Scrum
* Sprint review
* Sprint retrospective
Scrum roles, artifacts, and activities work together within a Scrum cycle.Let's take a look at each of these in more detail.
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# Scrum Role
Every Scrum team has three roles, as stated above: product owner, ScrumMaster,and development team. The individuals in these roles work together to bring a product from an idea to life.
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## Product Owner
The product owner is the member of the Scrum team charged with maximizing the value of the teamâs work.
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The product owner holds the product vision and works closely with stakeholders, such as end users, customers, and the business to cultivate and nurture a community around the product.
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They facilitate communication between the team and the stakeholders and ensure the team is building the right product.
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They describe what should be built and why, but not how.
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To fulfill the role, the product owner:
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* Decides what goes into the product backlog and, equally important, what does not
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* Maintains the product backlog and orders the items in the backlog to deliver the highest value
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* Works with the team and the stakeholders to continuously improve the quality of the product backlog and everyoneâs understanding of the items it contains
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* Decides which product backlog items to ask the team deliver in the current sprint
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* Decides when to ship the product, with a preference toward more frequent delivery.
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The product owner may be supported by other individuals but must be a single person to maintain clarity of the vision and priorities.
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## ScrumMaster
The ScrumMaster is a servant leader, helping the rest of the Scrum team progress.
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The ScrumMaster keeps the Scrum team productive and learning. They must have a good understanding of the Scrum framework and the ability to train others to use it.
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The ScrumMaster has three core responsibilities:
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### Coach the team
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The ScrumMaster helps the entire team perform better.
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They help the product owner understand how to create and maintain the product backlog so the project is well defined and work flows smoothly to the team.
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They also work with the whole Scrum team to determine the definition of done.
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The ScrumMaster coaches the team on how to execute the Scrum process, helping them learn and use the framework and find and implement technical practices so they can reach done at the end of each sprint.
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### Keep the team moving forward
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As a servant leader, the ScrumMaster fosters the team's self-organization and then sees that distractions and impediments, or roadblocks, to the team's progress are removed.
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Impediments may be external to the team, like lack of support from another team, or they could be internal, like the product owner not knowing how to prepare a proper product backlog.
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They may also facilitate regular team meetings to ensure that the team progresses on its path to done.
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### Help everyone understand Scrum
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The ScrumMaster ensures that Scrum is understood and in place, both inside and outside the team.
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They help people outside the team understand the process, as well as which interactions with the team are helpful and which are not.
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The ScrumMaster helps everyone improve to make the Scrum team more productive and valuable.
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## Development team member
The development team does the actual work of delivering the product increment.
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The team is a cross-functional group of professionals who, among them, have all the necessary skills to deliver each increment of the product.
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All team members should be available to the team and the project full time.
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The product owner makes an ordered list of what needs to be done.
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The development team members then forecast how much they can do in one sprint and self-organize to get the work done, deciding among themselves who does what to produce the new product increment.
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# Scrum activities and artifacts: The Scrum cycle
## Product backlog (artifact)
How do you know what needs to be done? By reviewing the Scrum artifact called the product backlog.
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This is an ordered list of ideas for the product, which can come from the product owner, team members, or stakeholders.
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A description and estimate of effort complement each product backlog item.
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The product backlog is ordered to maximize the value delivered by the Scrum team.
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The development teamâs work comes from the product backlog, and nowhere else.
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Every feature, enhancement, bug fix, documentation requirement âevery bit of work the team doesâ comes from a product backlog item.
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The product backlog may begin as a large or short list. It may be vague or well defined.
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Typically it begins short and vague and becomes longer and more defined as time goes on.
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Product backlog items slated for implementation soon will be "refined," which means they will further clarified, defined, and split into smaller chunks.
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Though the product owner is responsible for maintaining the product backlog, the development team helps produce and update it.
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## Product backlog refinement (activity)
Product backlog items are often large and general in nature, and they can come and go as priorities change.
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Because of this fluid environment, product backlog refinement is an ongoing activity throughout a Scrum project.
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When you refine the product backlog, you:
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* Confirm the order of the product backlog items
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* Remove or demote items that no longer seem important
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* Add or promote items that come up or become more important
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* Split larger items into smaller items
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* Merge smaller items into larger items
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* Estimate items
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* Identify which items are sprint-ready
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Product backlog refinement is an excellent way to prepare for upcoming sprints.
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During this process, you give special attention to selecting items coming up for the next sprint.
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Things to consider include:
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* Each item for the sprint should represent an increment of "business value."
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* The development team needs to be able to build each item within a single sprint.
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* Both the stakeholders and the entire Scrum team need to be clear on what is intended.
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Depending on the nature of the product, other skills and inputs may be needed.
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That's why product backlog refinement is really a responsibility of all team members, not just the product owner.
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## Sprint planning (activity)
Each sprint begins with a time boxed meeting called sprint planning. In this meeting, the Scrum team selects and understands the work to be done in the sprint.
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The entire team attends the sprint planning meeting.
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Working from the product backlog, the product owner and the development team members discuss each item and come to a shared understanding of that item and what is required to complete it consistent with the current definition of done.
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The recommended time for the sprint planning meeting is two hours or less per week of sprint duration.
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Because the meeting is time boxed, the success of the sprint planning meeting depends on the quality of the product backlog going in.
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This is why product backlog refinement is so important.
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### Scrum planning outcomes
In Scrum, the sprint planning meeting has two outcomes:
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1. A forecast of what work will be completed in the sprint
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2. A plan for accomplishing the work
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#### 1. A forecast of what work will be completed in the sprint
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The product owner, who decides what to do, presents ordered product backlog items to the development team, and the whole Scrum team collaborates to review and understand the work.
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The number of product backlog items to take on in the sprint is completely up to the development team.The team considers the current state of the product increment, the teamâs past performance, its current capacity, and the ordered product backlog.
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Neither the product owner nor anyone else can add work onto the development team.
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Often, but not always, the sprint is given a specific and measurable shared goal, called the sprint goal. This goal, which summarizes why the sprint is happening, helps everyone focus on the essence of what needs to be done.
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#### 2. A plan for accomplishing the work
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The development team then collaborates to decide how to produce the next product increment to the definition of done.
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They need to be confident of completing the work during the sprint.
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Work to be done in the early days is broken down into small units of one day or less.
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Work to be done later may be left in larger units to be broken down later.
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The product owner is available during this part of the meeting to answer questions and resolve misunderstandings but has no part in determining how the work gets done.
ãããã¯ããªãŒããŒã¯ããã©ã³ãã³ã°ã®äžã§è³ªåã«çããã誀解ã解決ãããããããšãã§ããŸãããäœæ¥ã®é²ãæ¹ã決å®ããããšã¯ã§ããŸããã
### Result of sprint planning
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At the end of sprint planning, the Scrum team has a common understanding of the quantity and complexity of work to be accomplished during the sprint and can, within a reasonable range of circumstances, expect to complete it.
ã¹ããªã³ããã©ã³ãã³ã°ã®æåŸã«ãã¹ã¯ã©ã ããŒã ã¯ã¹ããªã³ãäžã«éæãã¹ãäœæ¥ã®éãšè€éãã«ã€ããŠå
±éã®çè§£ãæã¡ã劥åœãªç¯å²ã®ç¶æ³å
ã§ãããå®äºããããšãæåŸ
ã§ããããã«ããŸãã
The team then commits to each other to accomplish it.
ããŒã ã¯ãããããããéæããããšãã³ãããããŸãã(éæããããšã«å
šåãå°œãããŸãã)
### Sum up the sprint planning meeting
ã¹ããªã³ããã©ã³ãã³ã°ã«é¢ãããŸãšã
* The product owner decides what to do
ãããã¯ããªãŒããŒãäœãããããæ±ºå®ããŸã
* Presents "what to do," using the product backlog items
PBIã䜿çšããŠããäœããããããæç€ºããŸãã
* Answers questions and resolves misunderstandings about the product backlog items
PBIã«é¢ãã質åã«çãã誀解ã解決ããŸãã
* The development team decides how much to take on and how to accomplish it
éçºããŒã ã¯ãã©ã®çšåºŠåŒãåããã¹ããããããŠãããã©ã®ããã«éæããããæ±ºå®ããŸãã
* Considers and discusses product backlog items with the product owner
PBIã«ã€ããŠããããã¯ããªãŒããŒãšè°è«ããæ€èšããŸãã
* Ensures a common understanding of them
ãããã®å
±éçè§£ã確å®ã«ããŸãã
* Selects a number of items they forecast they can accomplish
圌ããéæã§ãããšäºæž¬ããã¢ã€ãã ãéžæããŸã
* Creates a sufficiently detailed plan to be sure they can accomplish the items
ãã圌ããã¢ã€ãã ãéæããããšãã§ããããšã確å®ã«ããããã«ååã«è©³çްãªèšç»ãäœæããŸã
The resulting list of things to do is the "sprint backlog."
ããã¹ãããšã®çµæãªã¹ãã¯ãã¹ããªã³ãããã¯ãã°ãã§ãã
## Sprint backlog (artifact)
The sprint backlog is the list of refined product backlog items chosen for development in the current sprint, together with the team's plan for accomplishing the work.
ã¹ããªã³ãããã¯ãã°ã¯ãäœæ¥ãéæããããã®ããŒã ã®èšç»ãšå
±ã«ãçŸåšã®ã¹ããªã³ãã§éçºããããã«éžæãããæŽç·ŽãããPBIã®ãªã¹ãã§ãã
It reflects the team's forecast of what work can be completed.
ããã¯ãã©ã®äœæ¥ãå®äºã§ãããã«ã€ããŠã®ããŒã ã®äºæž¬ãåæ ããŠããŸãã
Once the sprint backlog is established, the development team begins work on the new product increment.
ã¹ããªã³ãããã¯ãã°ã確ç«ããåŸã«ãéçºããŒã ã¯ãããã¯ãã®ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãéçºãéå§ããŸãã
## Sprint
During the sprint, the development team self-organizes to produce the product increment defined by the sprint backlog.
ã¹ããªã³ãäžã«ãéçºããŒã ã¯èªå·±çµç¹åããŠã¹ããªã³ãããã¯ãã°ã§å®çŸ©ããããããã¯ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ããäœæããŸãã
Self-organizing means that the members of the development team determine how to work together to best produce the product increment according to the organization's standards and the team's definition of done.
èªå·±çµç¹åãšã¯ãéçºããŒã ã®ã¡ã³ããŒããçµç¹ã®æšæºãšããŒã ã®Doneã®å®çŸ©ã«åŸã£ãŠãããã¯ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ããäœæããæé©ãªæ¹æ³ãå
±åã§æ±ºå®ããããšãæå³ããŸãã
## Product increment (artifact)
Every sprint produces a product increment, the most important Scrum artifact.
åã¹ããªã³ãã«ãããŠãæãéèŠãªã¹ã¯ã©ã ææç©ã§ããããããã¯ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãããçæãããŸãã
A product increment is the "goal line" for each sprint and, at the end of the sprint, it must:
ãããã¯ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã¯ãåã¹ããªã³ãã®ããŽãŒã«ã©ã€ã³ãã§ãããã¹ããªã³ãã®æåŸã«ã¯ã次ã®ããã«ãªãå¿
èŠããããŸãã
* Be of high enough quality to be given to users
ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã«äžããããã®ã«ååã«é«ãå質ã§ãã
* Meet the Scrum team's current definition of done
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ããŒã ã®çŸåšã®Doneã®å®çŸ©ãæºãã
* Be acceptable to the product owner
ãããã¯ããªãŒããŒã«åãå
¥ãããã
### Additional indicators of progress
Scrum requires that people within and outside the team can see what the team is doing.
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ã§ã¯ãããŒã ã®å
å€ã®äººã
ãããŒã ã®è¡åã確èªã§ããããšãå¿
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And though delivering the product increment is the most powerful way to create this transparency, the Scrum team might also create other optional but helpful artifacts.
ãããŠããã®éææ§ãçã¿åºãããã®æã匷åãªæ¹æ³ã¯ããããã¯ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ããæäŸããããšã§ãããã¹ã¯ã©ã ããŒã ã¯ããªãã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ããã圹ã«ç«ã€ä»ã®ææç©ãäœæããããšãã§ããŸãã
These might include burn-down charts and task boards, to make sure the status of the project is understood by other teams and stakeholders.
ããã«ã¯ããããžã§ã¯ãã®ã¹ããŒã¿ã¹ãä»ã®ããŒã ãå©å®³é¢ä¿è
ã«ç¢ºå®ã«çè§£ãããããã«ãããŒã³ããŠã³ãã£ãŒããã¿ã¹ã¯ããŒããå«ãŸããå ŽåããããŸãã
### Definition of done
When the product increment is delivered, it needs to be "done" according to a shared understanding of what "done" means.
ãããã¯ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ããæäŸããããã«ã¯ããDoneãã®æå³ã«ã€ããŠã®å
±éã®çè§£ã«åŸã£ãŠå®äº(Done)ããå¿
èŠããããŸãã
This definition is different for every Scrum team, and as the team matures, the definition of done will expand and become more stringent.
ãã®å®çŸ©ã¯ã¹ã¯ã©ã ããŒã ããšã«ç°ãªããããŒã ãæçããã«ã€ããŠãDoneã®å®çŸ©ã¯æ¡å€§ããããå³å¯ã«ãªããŸãã
The definition of done must always include the notion that the product increment is of high enough quality to be shippable. In other words, the product owner could choose to release it immediately.
Doneã®å®çŸ©ã«ã¯ããããã¯ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ããåºè·å¯èœã§ããããã«ååã«é«ãå質ã§ãããšããæŠå¿µãåžžã«å«ããå¿
èŠããããŸããèšãæããã°ããããã¯ããªãŒããŒãããã«ãªãªãŒã¹ãšããéžæãã§ããç¶æ
ãšããããšã§ãã
The latest product increment includes the functionality of all previous product increments and is fully tested so that all completed product backlog items continue to work together.
ææ°ã®ãããã¯ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã«ã¯ã以åã®ãã¹ãŠã®ãããã¯ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã®æ©èœãå«ãŸããŠããããã¹ãŠã®å®äºãããããã¯ãããã¯ãã°é
ç®ãåŒãç¶ãæ©èœããããã«å®å
šã«ãã¹ããããŠããŸãã
## Daily Scrum (activity)
Daily Scrum (activity)
The development team uses the Daily Scrum meeting to ensure that they are on track for that sprint. They hold the meeting at the same time and place every day.
éçºããŒã ã¯ããã€ãªãŒã¹ã¯ã©ã ãå©çšããŠããã®ã¹ããªã³ãã®äœæ¥ã確å®ã«èšç»ã®è»éã«ä¹ããããã«ããŸãã圌ãã¯äŒè°ãæ¯æ¥åãæå»ã«éå¬ããŸãã
The meeting should be short and time boxed for a maximum of 15 minutes.
äŒè°æå€§ã§ã15åã®ã¿ã€ã ããã¯ã¹ãèšå®ããå¿
èŠããããŸãã
During the meeting, each development team member gives three bits of information:
äŒè°äžã«ãåéçºããŒã ã¡ã³ããŒã¯3ã€ã®æ
å ±ãæäŸããŸãã
* What he or she has accomplished since the last Daily Scrum
ååã®ãã€ãªãŒã¹ã¯ã©ã 以éã«éæããããš
* What he or she plans to accomplish between now and the next Daily Scrum
ä»ããæ¬¡ã®ãã€ãªãŒã¹ã¯ã©ã ãŸã§ã«éæããäºå®ã®ãã®
* What is impeding progress
鲿ã劚ããŠãããã®
Team members might ask brief clarifying questions and get brief answers, but they don't go into depth during the Daily Scrum. Instead, subsets of the development team often meet right after the Daily Scrum to work on any issues that have come up.
ããŒã ã¡ã³ããŒã¯ãæç¢ºã§ç°¡æœãªè³ªåãããŠãç°¡æœãªãªåçãããããã«ããŸãããã€ãªãŒã¹ã¯ã©ã ã®éã¯èŸŒã¿å
¥ã£ãè©±ã«æ·±ãç«ã¡å
¥ããŸããã代ããã«ããã€ãªãŒã¹ã¯ã©ã ã®çŽåŸã«ãçºçããåé¡ã«åãçµãããã«éçºããŒã ã®äžéšã§éãŸãããšããããããŸãã
The Daily Scrum is not a reporting event.It's a communication meeting within the development team that helps ensure that all team members are on the same page and moving forward.
ãã€ãªãŒã¹ã¯ã©ã ã¯å ±åã€ãã³ãã§ã¯ãããŸãããéçºããŒã å
ã®ã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³äŒè°ã§ãããããŒã ã¡ã³ããŒå
šå¡ãåãå顿èã§äžç·ã«åé²ããããšã確å®ã«ãããã®ã§ãã(æèš³)
Though interested parties are welcome to come and listen to the Daily Scrum, only the Scrum team members, including the ScrumMaster and product owner, speak during this meeting.
ãã®äŒè°ã§ã¯ãèå³ã®ããæ¹ãåå ããŠãã€ãªãŒã¹ã¯ã©ã ãèŽããŠãæ§ããŸãããã話ãã®ã¯ã¹ã¯ã©ã ãã¹ã¿ãŒããããã¯ããªãŒããŒãå«ãã¹ã¯ã©ã ããŒã ã®ã¡ã³ããŒã ãã§ãã
Based on what comes up in the meeting, the development team reorganizes the work as needed to accomplish the sprint goal, if one has been established, and the product increment.
äŒè°ã®çµæã«åºã¥ãå¿
èŠã§ããã°ãéçºããŒã ã¯ãã¹ããªã³ããŽãŒã«(èšå®ãããŠããã°)ã®éæããããã¯ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã®å®æã®ããã«äœæ¥èšç»ãåç·šæããŸãã
The Daily Scrum leads to transparency, trust, and better performance. How? The daily check-in provides immediate recognition and resolution of problems and promotes the team's self-organization and self-reliance.
ãã€ãªãŒã¹ã¯ã©ã ã¯ãéææ§ãä¿¡é ŒããããŠããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ã®åäžã«ã€ãªãããŸããã©ã®ããã«ã§ããããïŒæ¯æ¥ã®ç¢ºèª(check-inn)ã§åé¡ãå³åº§ã«èªèããŠè§£æ±ºããããŒã ã®èªå·±çµç¹åãšèªç«ãä¿é²ããŸãã
## Sprint review (activity)
At the end of each sprint, the Scrum team and stakeholders review the resulting product increment.
åã¹ããªã³ãã®æåŸã«ãã¹ã¯ã©ã ããŒã ãšå©å®³é¢ä¿è
ã¯ãçµæãšããŠåŸããããããã¯ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã確èªããŸã
This meeting is called a sprint review and should be time boxed one hour per week of the sprint. So if the sprint lasts two weeks, the recommended timebox for the sprint review is two hours.
ãã®äŒè°ã¯ã¹ããªã³ãã¬ãã¥ãŒãšåŒã°ããã¹ããªã³ã1é±éããã1æéã®ã¿ã€ã ããã¯ã¹ãèšããŸããã¹ããªã³ãã2é±éç¶ãå Žåãã¹ããªã³ãã¬ãã¥ãŒã®æšå¥šã¿ã€ã ããã¯ã¹ã¯2æéã§ãã
The main point of discussion is the product increment completed during the sprint.
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Since the stakeholders are those who have a "stake" in the results, it's a good idea, and helpful too, for them to attend this meeting.
å©å®³é¢ä¿è
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ã§ããããããã®äŒè°ã«åå ããããšã¯è¯ãèãã§ããããŸã圹ã«ç«ã¡ãŸãã
During the meeting, the team members look at where they are and collaborate on how they might move forward.
äŒè°äžãããŒã ã¡ã³ããŒã¯çŸåšã®ç¶æ³ã確èªããã©ã®ããã«åé²ãããã«ã€ããŠå
±åäœæ¥ãè¡ããŸãã
Everyone has input at the sprint review.
å
šå¡ãã¹ããªã³ãã¬ãã¥ãŒã«ãããŠæèŠãè¿°ã¹ãŸãã
And naturally, the product owner makes the final decisions about the future, updating the product backlog as appropriate.
ãããŠåœç¶ããããã¯ããªãŒããŒãå°æ¥ã«ã€ããŠæçµæ±ºå®ãäžããå¿
èŠã«å¿ããŠãããã¯ãããã¯ãã°ãæŽæ°ããŸãã
Teams will find their own way to conduct the sprint review.
ããŒã ã¯ã¹ããªã³ãã¬ãã¥ãŒã宿œããããã®ç¬èªã®æ¹æ³ãèŠã€ããŸãã
Some common components of the meeting include:
ã¹ããªã³ãã¬ãã¥ãŒã®äžè¬çãªæ§æèŠçŽ ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ãã
* An overview of the product increment
ãããã¯ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã®æŠèŠ
* A demonstration of the product increment
ãããã¯ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã®ãã¢ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³
* A discussion of what team members observed during the sprint, or perhaps product ideas that came to mind
ã¹ããªã³ãäžã«ããŒã ã¡ã³ããŒãäœã芳å¯ãããããŸãã¯é ã«æµ®ããã 補åã®ã¢ã€ãã¢ã«é¢ããè°è«
* A discussion about the state of the product backlog, possible completion dates, and what might be done by those dates
ãããã¯ãããã¯ãã°ã®ç¶æ
ãå¯èœãªå®äºæ¥ãããã³ãããã®æ¥ãŸã§ã«äœãè¡ãããã®ãã«ã€ããŠã®è°è«
* An update of the product backlog
ãããã¯ãããã¯ãã°ã®æŽæ°
## Sprint retrospective (activity)
At the end of each sprint, the Scrum team meets for the sprint retrospective, which is again timeboxed for about an hour per week of the sprint duration.
åã¹ããªã³ãã®çµäºæã«ãã¹ã¯ã©ã ããŒã ã¯ã¹ããªã³ãã¬ããã¹ãã¯ãã£ããéå¬ããŸããããã¯ãã¹ããªã³ãæéã®1é±éãããçŽ1æéã®ã¿ã€ã ããã¯ã¹ãèšããŸãã
During the sprint retrospective, the team members review how the process went, including the intrapersonal relationships and the tools used.
ã¹ããªã³ãã¬ããã¹ãã¯ãã£ãã§ã¯ãããŒã ã¡ã³ããŒã¯å¯Ÿäººé¢ä¿ã䜿çšããããŒã«ãªã©ãããã»ã¹ã®é²è¡ç¶æ³ã確èªããŸãã
They talk about what went well and not so well, and they identify potential improvements.
圌ãã¯ãããŸããã£ãããšãšããŸããããªãã£ãããšã«ã€ããŠè©±ããæœåšçãªæ¹åç¹ãç¹å®ããŸãã
Then they come up with a plan for improving those things in the future.
ãããã圌ãã¯å°æ¥ãããã®äºãæ¹åããããã®èšç»ãèãåºããŸãã
Remaining true to the Scrum framework, the Scrum team improves its own process versus relying on others to provide direction.
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã«å¿ å®ã«åŸããã¹ã¯ã©ã ããŒã ã¯ä»äººã®æç€ºã«é Œããèªãããã»ã¹ãæ¹åããŸãã
## Rinse and repeat
ãããã
The Scrum cycle repeats for every sprint. In short:
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ãµã€ã¯ã«ã¯ãã¹ãŠã®ã¹ããªã³ãã«ãããŠç¹°ãè¿ãããŸãã ã€ãŸãïŒ
* The Scrum team members (product owner, development team, and ScrumMaster) collaborate to create a series of product increments during timeboxed intervals called sprints
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ããŒã ã¡ã³ããŒïŒãããã¯ããªãŒããŒãéçºããŒã ãããã³ã¹ã¯ã©ã ãã¹ã¿ãŒïŒãååããŠãã¹ããªã³ããšåŒã°ããã¿ã€ã ããã¯ã¹ã®ééã§äžé£ã®ãããã¯ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ããäœæããŸãã
* Each product increment meets the product owner's acceptance criteria and the team's shared definition of done
åãããã¯ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã¯ããããã¯ããªãŒããŒã®åãå
¥ãåºæºãšããŒã ã®å
±éã®Doneã®å®çŸ©ãæºãããŸãã
* The team works from a product backlog
ããŒã ã¯ãããã¯ãããã¯ãã°ããäœæ¥ãé²ããŸãã
* Each sprint begins with sprint planning to produce the sprint backlog, which is a plan for the sprint
åã¹ããªã³ãã¯ãã¹ããªã³ãããã¯ãã°ãçæããããã®ã¹ããªã³ããã©ã³ãã³ã°ããå§ãŸããŸããããã¯ãã¹ããªã³ãã®äœæ¥èšç»ã§ãã
* The team self-organizes to execute the development, using Daily Scrum meetings to coordinate and ensure the best possible product increment
ããŒã ã¯èªå·±çµç¹åããŠéçºãè¡ãããã€ãªãŒã¹ã¯ã©ã ã䜿çšããŠèª¿æŽãããããŠå¯èœãªéãæé«ã®ãããã¯ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã®äœæã確å®ã«ããŸãã
* The team performs product backlog refinement to prepare for the next sprint's planning meeting
ããŒã ã¯ã次åã®ã¹ããªã³ããã©ã³ãã³ã°ã«åããŠãããã¯ãããã¯ãã°ãªãã¡ã€ã³ã¡ã³ããè¡ããŸãã
* The team ends the sprint with the sprint review and sprint retrospective, reviewing the product and the process
ããŒã ã¯ãã¹ããªã³ãã®æåŸã«ã¹ããªã³ãã¬ãã¥ãŒãšã¹ããªã³ãã¬ããã¹ãã¯ãã£ããè¡ãããããã¯ããšããã»ã¹ãã¬ãã¥ãŒããŸãã
---
# Ready to put Scrum into practice?
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ãå®è¡ããæºåã¯ã§ããŸãããïŒ
Now you have an overview of the core elements of Scrum that you can use to deliver complex projects in a productive, sane, and enjoyable manner.
ããã§ãã¹ã¯ã©ã ã®äžå¿çãªèŠçŽ ã®æŠèŠãææ¡ã§ããŸãããããã䜿çšããŠãè€éã§å¥å
šã§æ¥œããæ¹æ³ã§è€éãªãããžã§ã¯ããæäŸã§ããŸãã
It's a proven framework, but this is just a start.
ã¹ã¯ã©ã ã¯å®èšŒæžã¿ã®ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã§ãããããã¯ã»ãã®å§ãŸãã§ãã
Applying the framework takes practice and trial and error.However, the more you work with it, the better you'll be.
ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãé©çšããããšã¯ç·Žç¿ãšè©Šè¡é¯èª€ãèŠããŸãããããã°ããã»ã©ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ã¯åäžããŸãã
And Scrum Alliance is with you every step of the way, with Advocacy, Community, and Education that can make your Scrum journey easier, fun, and rewarding.
ãããŠã¹ã¯ã©ã ã¢ã©ã€ã¢ã³ã¹ã¯ãã¢ããã«ã·ãŒãã³ãã¥ããã£ããããŠæè²ã«ãã£ãŠãããªãã®ã¹ã¯ã©ã ã®æ
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