{%hackmd BJrTq20hE %} # 20221227萬有引力 --- ## 高二萬有引力 :::warning - 高一萬有引力 - 向量 - 圓周運動 - 簡諧 - 克普勒3行星運動定律 - 場 ::: --- ## 學習單Q1 ## 寫下你認識的萬有引力 :::warning **ex:** - 誰發現的? - 怎麼發現的? - 數學表達式? - 適用範圍? - 後續發現? - ... ::: --- ## Kahoot For學測 你至少要知道的萬有引力 ![](https://i.imgur.com/VnVqPsN.png) --- ## 學習單Q2 ## 問一個萬有引力的<font color="#ff0000">**好問題**</font> :::warning **ex:萬有引力的介質是什麼?** ::: --- > ### 為什麼你相信/接受? ---- ## ”地球不是平的“ >:question: 為什麼你相信/接受? ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/frw6ac5.jpg) ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/59nYs8n.png) ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/HhjLYOz.jpg) --- ## ”有質量的東西皆遵守萬有引力“ >:question:為什麼你相信/接受? ---- 當年牛頓要如何說服其他科學家 蘋果掉到地上跟月球繞地球是同一種力 --- ## “萬有引力是超距力” >:question:為什麼你相信/接受? ---- ## 超距力vs接觸力 ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/NSUCd0w.png) --- ## 故事 ```mermaid graph RL; 沒有力的概念-->行星繞太陽運動趨勢; 行星繞太陽運動趨勢-->形式; 行星繞太陽運動趨勢-->方向; 形式-->克普勒磁力-->虎克向心力 方向-->惠更斯離心力-->虎克向心力-->向心力推出平方反比-->牛頓橢圓也符合平方反比 ``` --- ![](https://i.imgur.com/cO4icwN.jpg =460x) --- ## 發現萬有引力,然後呢? :::warning - 哈雷彗星的預測<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" --> - 海王星、冥王星的發現(天王星攝動)<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="2" --> - G常數、地球密度、地球質量(卡文迪西紐秤)<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="3" --> ::: --- ## 萬有引力無法解釋... :::warning 「賓利悖論」 所有星體最終將因萬有引力而縮成一點?<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" --> `牛頓:「宇宙必須是均勻無限的」`<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="2" --> `牛頓:「上帝會不斷微調來避免這件事...」`<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="3" --> ::: --- ## 萬有引力無法解釋... :::warning 水星進動<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" --> ![](https://i.imgur.com/Gtacsnt.gif) ::: --- ## 萬有引力無法解釋... :::warning 萬有引力的傳遞是即時的嗎?<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" --> ::: --- ## 題目overview ```graphviz digraph hierarchy { nodesep=0.5 node[color=Red,fontname=Courier,shape=box,fontsize=50] edge [color=Blue, style=dashed] fixedsize=true; size="150,90"; resolution=50; 萬有引力->{一維 二維 三維} 一維->直線上 二維->質點平面形狀分佈 三維->球體 } ``` ---- ```graphviz digraph hierarchy { nodesep=0.5 node[color=Red,fontname=Courier,shape=box,fontsize=50] edge [color=Blue, style=dashed] fixedsize=true; size="150,90"; resolution=50; 運動學->{一維 二維 三維} 一維->{水平 鉛直} 二維->平拋斜拋 水平->汽車前進 鉛直->自由落體 {rank=same;一維 二維 三維} {rank=same;平拋斜拋 汽車前進 自由落體} } ``` --- ## Q1&2 --- ![](https://i.imgur.com/WxXr56A.png =800x) --- ## Q3-1 :::warning 1.是否為簡諧運動? 2.Why? 3.什麼條件下才會是簡諧運動? 4.哪些因素會影響此運動週期? ::: --- ## Q4質點->球體 ```graphviz digraph hierarchy { nodesep=0.3 node[color=Red,fontname=Courier,shape=box,fontsize=70] edge [color=Blue, style=dashed] fixedsize=true; size="600,380"; resolution=68; bgcolor="#00000000"; N個質點->圓環->球殼->球體 } ``` --- ## Q4-0圓環積分成球殼 ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/5RORCdb.png =600x) --- ## Q4-1hint ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/hRdyxuG.png =650x) ---- ### 萬有引力公式 適用條件 :::warning 質點 均勻球殼 均勻球體 ::: --- # News 遮住星星 https://www.science.org/content/article/satellite-swarms-are-threatening-night-sky-creating-new-zone-environmental-conflict 中美火星探測儀器紛紛關閉,原因竟是因為太陽? https://tomorrowsci.com/science/%e4%b8%ad%e7%be%8e%e7%81%ab%e6%98%9f%e6%8e%a2%e6%b8%ac%e5%84%80%e5%99%a8%e7%b4%9b%e7%b4%9b%e9%97%9c%e9%96%89%ef%bc%8c%e5%8e%9f%e5%9b%a0%e7%ab%9f%e6%98%af%e5%9b%a0%e7%82%ba%e5%a4%aa%e9%99%bd%ef%bc%9f/ google fire icon https://tomorrowsci.com/science/google%e5%9c%b0%e5%9c%96%e5%a2%9e%e5%8a%a0%e6%96%b0%e5%8a%9f%e8%83%bd%ef%bc%81%e5%91%8a%e8%a8%b4%e4%bd%a0%e5%93%aa%e8%a3%a1%e6%ad%a3%e5%9c%a8%e5%a4%b1%e7%81%ab/ 路死觀察網 Teaching ancient brains new tricks: New research shows how modern physicists think https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-10-ancient-brains-modern-physicists.html https://techxplore.com/news/2021-10-environmental-features-robot-awareness.html The Top 10 scientific surprises of Science News’ first 100 years https://www.sciencenews.org/article/top-10-scientific-surprises-science-news-first-100-years 顧毓琇 https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A1%BE%E6%AF%93%E7%90%87 徐壽 Nobel prize economic https://www.qbitai.com/2021/10/29271.html https://pansci.asia/archives/330961 https://pansci.asia/archives/332251 工程師才懂的悲哀 https://buzzorange.com/techorange/2021/03/09/coding-name-important/ --- 失重 animal nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/9-12/features/F_Animals_in_Space_9-12.html --- 兩物體間的萬有引力並不是即時的作用,而是以場的形式傳播並互相影響。 ## 萬有引力vs重力 ## 萬有引力=重力? 算完後看台灣的重力測量 太空中怎麼測量體重? 台灣重力測量 https://gps.moi.gov.tw/sscenter/introduce/IntroducePage.aspx?Page=Gravity4 https://scimonth.blogspot.com/2017/01/blog-post_3.html https://blog.xuite.net/douglaswen/twblog1/124109963 http://logg.org.tw/query/data_show.aspx https://www.nlsc.gov.tw/cp.aspx?n=1484 https://ir.nctu.edu.tw/bitstream/11536/72809/1/681701.pdf --- ## 卡文迪希 課本說測量G,但是實際上是測量地球密度 News https://technews.tw/2021/03/20/the-weakest-gravitational-field-measurement/ ### 卡文迪希好問題 如何讓球平衡 如何產生直線光 為什麼棍棒要這麼長 如何測得扭轉係數:簡諧運動週期 測帶電如何區分電還是萬有引力 ## 榭赫倫實驗 # 圖 geogebra http://120.101.70.8/longlife/ # 姚 珩 https://phy.ntnu.edu.tw/~yao/ # simulation https://www.edumedia-sciences.com/en/node/66-gravitation https://lab.nationalmedals.org/ https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/gravity-and-orbits/latest/gravity-and-orbits_en.html https://prancer.physics.louisville.edu/modules/gravity_field/index.html https://www.geogebra.org/material/iframe/id/ett2opto/ https://hermann.is/gravity/ https://gravitysimulator.org/ https://www.thinkib.net/physics/page/20214/activity-gravitational-field https://www.geogebra.org/material/iframe/id/ett2opto # Gravity tunnel https://www.geogebra.org/m/g68gscer https://www.geogebra.org/classic/vt6pmznh # Anti gravity https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-gravity # Reference ## 卡文迪希 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4JGgYjJhGEE - https://sciencedemonstrations.fas.harvard.edu/presentations/cavendish-experiment - https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/135966/what-is-the-simplest-way-to-perform-a-cavendish-experiment - https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Stephen.Merkowitz/G/Big_G.html - https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.54.R1256 - https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.2869 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._V._Boys ## 台灣重力測量 - https://gps.moi.gov.tw/sscenter/introduce/IntroducePage.aspx?Page=Gravity4 - https://scimonth.blogspot.com/2017/01/blog-post_3.html - https://blog.xuite.net/douglaswen/twblog1/124109963 - http://logg.org.tw/query/data_show.aspx - https://www.nlsc.gov.tw/cp.aspx?n=1484 # gravitation https://www.americanscientist.org/article/the-secret-history-of-gravitational-waves https://www.britannica.com/science/gravity-physics/Gravitational-theory-and-other-aspects-of-physical-theory discovery with andy
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