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La correction d'erreur "normale" est tres differente de celle de l'informatique quantique

QEC Zoo

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Envoyer un Qubit

Principe general

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Shor 9 error correction code

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Surface code QEC

QEC adapted to 2D bit architectures like with superconductors from Google

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Au-dessus de 20 qubits, on a trop d'erreurs

AlissonBob, Amazon et UCI pretendent pouvoir reduire le nombre de qubits physiques necessaires pour faire des calculs.

More on quantum computing speed

Quand on fait une operation de portes sur des qubits intriques, c'est comme si on faisait cette operation sur plusieurs etats.

On va prendre une porte de Hadamard: on a une vingtaine d'operations.

Or, d'apres IBM, comme le calcul quantique est probabiliste il faut l'executer plusieurs fois, cad

4000 fois.

4000×20=80000 portes executees pour juste une porte de Hadamard !

Et c'est un cas simple

:::

De meme, pour les autres portes:

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On veut corriger le taux d'erreur pour utiliser le moins de qubits physiques possible

Qubits connectivity

IBM

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Rocheser 53 qubits, october 2019
65 qubits, october 2020

Google

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Sycamore 53 qubits, october 2019

Pourquoi un qubit blanc ?

Parce qu'il marche pas ptdr

IonQ

Cas particulier des ions pieges

Ils sont tous connectes les uns aux autres

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  • 11 qubits, 2018

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"Rackability" examples

Pasqual

Double depth racks

  • Model of cold atoms computer with
    100−100
    qubits, planned for
    2021−2023

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Quandela

Single depth rack

  • Prometheus

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Data center constraints

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Combien est-ce que ca consomme dans un data center ?

Je sais pas / ca depend
Olivier EzrattyTue, Oct 12, 2021 4:50 PM
Ca depend du nombre de rack

Cooling

Goal: reduce thermal noise affecting qubits

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Micro-waves sources

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Chaque fils supra-conducteur coute

3000$

Details from a 15 mK cryostat

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Some companies

Dilutions and systems

  • Finland
    • Bluefors
    • IBM
    • Rigetti
    • CEA
  • US:
    • JanisULT
    • Google
  • UK:
    • Oxford instruments
    • Microsoft
    • DWave
  • France:
    • CryoConcept
    • Neel
    • LPENS
  • Netherlands:
    • Leiden Cryogenics
    • IBM

Cabling

  • Japan
    • Coax Co. LTD
  • Netherlands
    • Delft Circuits
  • France
    • Radiall

Pulse tubes and compressors

  • US
    • Cryomech
  • Japan
    • Sumitomo

Available cooling power

Cryostat pulse tubes minimum temperature 20mK stage 100 mK stage MC cold plate
Bluefors lD250
XLF400
XLD1000
1
2
2
10mk
8 mK
8 mK
12μ
W
12μ
W
34μ
W
250μ
W
450μ
W
1000μ
W

IBM

Goldeneye fridge designed for 1121 qubits Condor completion planned for 2023.

5 and 14 days to cool down.

design shown is not fake

  • Cabling paths shows they will use some sort of cryoCMOS
  • using separate pulse tubes to and bottom