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Linux 2 學習筆記

資工三 李易 111010512

WinSCP

上課影片,資料的FTP Server

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第一週

Overview

  1. yum
  2. df dd du wc tr ssh scp
  3. shell script
  4. network related commands
  5. scheduling
  6. www server
  7. mysql
  8. php domain server servers

Command

hostname

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修改主機名稱

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第二台主機

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rpm

查詢

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刪除 & 安裝

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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systemctl

active (running)

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inactive (dead)

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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disable

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enable

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Settings

Wired

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Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to
  • The note which the image was originally uploaded to has been deleted
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Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to
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Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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DNS

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Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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NAT

前往 CentOS 在 VirtualBox 底下的網路卡設定,在介面卡1啟動NAT網路卡,在介面卡2啟動僅限主機介面卡,並選擇VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter。如果找不到該介面卡,就前往檔案 > 工具 > Network Manager自行新增,且新增時要勾選DHCP Server

Connection

ping

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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ssh

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第二週

快捷鍵

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NAT 設定

VirtualBox

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VMware

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連線

ssh

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PuTTY

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Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to
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Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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無密碼登入 (必考)

Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
  • The image was uploaded to a note which you don't have access to
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Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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scp

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rpm

https://www.twblogs.net/a/5c361a28bd9eee35b3a5791a

套件查詢 (必考)

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Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
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第三週

如果伺服器不能跑

  1. 使用 super user
  2. getenforce -> Disabled
  3. systemctl status firewalld —> inactive
  4. netstat -tunlp | grep xxx 檢查開啟的 port
vim /etc/selinux/config

架設網頁伺服器

查詢

安裝

啟動

檢查

預設centos 7 下httpd的家目錄是在/var/www/html下

連線

目前架設的www server只能運作在內部網路外部網路internet是無法存取的

作業

寫一個有圖片跟文字的 htm

用 WinSCP 傳到虛擬機

把檔案移動到 /var/www/html 下

打開網頁檢查

ngrok

https://ngrok.com/

wget https://bin.equinox.io/c/bNyj1mQVY4c/ngrok-v3-stable-linux-amd64.tgz --no-check-certificate

./ngrok config add-authtoken 2VvJAgRK2RrjqPSlctKkR2Ids50_3Q7h4MdQNjZB932rnfFds

repo

https://www.cnblogs.com/yaoyaojcy/p/17139639.html

htop

https://src.fedoraproject.org/lookaside/extras/htop/htop-2.2.0.tar.gz/sha512/ec1335bf0e3e0387e5e50acbc508d0effad19c4bc1ac312419dc97b82901f4819600d6f87a91668f39d429536d17304d4b14634426a06bec2ecd09df24adc62e/

Command

du

.此目錄 ..上一層目錄

df

第四週

NFS

https://qizhanming.com/blog/2018/08/08/how-to-install-nfs-on-centos-7

客戶端操作

Command

df

dd

wc

tr

https://wangchujiang.com/linux-command/c/tr.html

cat

ssh

https://nqucsie.myqnapcloud.com/smallko/sdn/sshtunnel.htm

seq

bc

作業

算這個網頁有多少個字: https://nqucsie.myqnapcloud.com/smallko/sdn/frp.htm

第五週

Samba

https://josephjsf2.github.io/linux/2019/11/01/share_centos_folder_with_windows.html

https://github.com/stereomp3/note/blob/main/linux/111semester01/3-SAMBA.md#SAMBA

Samba vs NFS

檢查連線

selinux要是disabled

基礎設定

作業

把 Samba 跟 NFS 綁定在同一個資料夾

切換使用者

新增帳號前要確保帳號不存在

sort

ascii code

sort : -g -r -k -t (預設是小排到大)

作業

把下列內容從大排到小

031,111:3
2,555:6
1345:222,5
001,666,4
014,444,2

uniq

cut

dd

split

diff

hostname

mail

第六週

IPv6

ping -6 2001:b400:e785:5b37:20c:29ff:fea3:f136

VMware Setting

Edit->virtual Network editor

VirtualBox Setting

ping

windows: ping -6 linux: ping6

PuTTY

Website

Free Dynamic DNS

https://dynv6.com/

Command

cp

echo

雙引號會進行替換, 單引號不會 (考試重點)

sh

other

Setting

如果是自己的配置,修改檔案室自身目錄下的.bashrc

如果希望套用到整個系統的使用者,修改的檔案是/etc/profile,記得要用root

當中的設定會套用到所有使用者

第七週

Command Variable

必考 (雙引號會替換, 單引號不會)

return value

; vs &&

連接多個指令可以用 ; && ||

> 就是清空內容

這裡要留空白

數值比較

數字比較不要用=,>=,<=,等符號

shell script

參數

判斷

迴圈

括號

https://blog.csdn.net/new_delete_/article/details/121160836

要有空格

執行

https://blog.csdn.net/jiushiggg/article/details/123166505

第八週

VPN

https://cc.nqu.edu.tw/p/404-1009-1326.php?Lang=zh-tw

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金門大學vpn server:60.248.63.195

port:443

PPTP VPN

https://github.com/stereomp3/note/blob/main/linux/111semester01/7-VPN.md#pptpd

https://help.aliyun.com/zh/ecs/how-do-i-configure-a-connection-between-a-pptp-vpn-server-and-a-pptp-vpn-client-on-a-centos-7-instance

記得要先打:

yum install -y epel-release

VMware Setting

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VirtualBox Setting

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Other Setting

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在設定windows的vpn時
如果是用vmware, ip填的是centos7 第一張網卡的ip
如果是用virtual box, ip填寫的是centos7 第二張網卡host only ip

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第九週

Bash Script

https://medium.com/vswe/bash-shell-script-cheat-sheet-15ce3cb1b2c7

取得部分字串/字元數

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字串長度

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兩者一樣

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取代部分字串

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腳本

for i in {1..10}; do
  if ((i%2==0)); then
    continue
  fi  
  if ((i==7)); then
    break
  fi
  echo "${i}" # print 1, 3, 5                            
done

多重判斷 (AND, OR)

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if 的括號

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正則表達式

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陣列

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整數運算

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小數運算

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建議數字比較一律用 ((…)),字串比較再用 [[ ... ]]

Net

NetworkManager vs Network

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管理網路介面卡

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清除網路設定

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調整 MTU (Maximum transmission unit)

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改網路卡卡號

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設定 IP

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新增介面卡邏輯分身

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新 ip 指令

ip address show = ip addr show = ip a s

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在介面卡新增 IP

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在介面卡移除 IP

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路由表

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手動新增路由 內定路由

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必考

取消 NM 改用 network 服務

  1. 輸入systemctl stop NetworkManager,把 NetworkManger 關掉。
  2. 輸入 ifconfig,查看 NAT 介面卡 (enp0s3) 的 IP 位址及 MAC 位址。(10.0.2.15 / 08:00:27:4d:62:da)
  3. 輸入 route -n 查看內定路由及網路遮罩。(10.0.2.2 / 255.255.255.0)
  4. 前往 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/,刪掉除了 ifcfg-lo 以外的 ifcfg 設定檔案。(ifcfg-enp0s3ifcfg-enp0s8ifcfg-Wired_connection_1)
  5. 新增 ifcfg-enp0s3,並寫入下列配置:
TYPE=Ethernet
DEVICE=enp0s3 // NAT 介面卡
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=10.0.2.15 // 剛剛查看的 IP 位址
HWADDR=08:00:27:4d:62:da // 剛剛查看的 MAC 位址
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 // 剛剛查看的網路遮罩
GATEWAY=10.0.2.2 // 剛剛查看的內定路由
  1. 輸入 systemctl restart network,然後就大功告成。

第十週

Net

DNS (重要)

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netstat 參數

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System

linux系統中process id =1,這隻行程叫做systemd

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sshd 配置檔 (幫你呼叫systemctl)

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Echo Server (必考)

https://blog.gtwang.org/linux/linux-create-systemd-service-unit-for-python-echo-server-tutorial-examples/

(用 PuTTY 傳程式)

Telnet (必考)

https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/2274078

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(用 PuTTY 連連看)

第十一週

LAMP (必考)

https://github.com/stereomp3/note/blob/main/linux/111semester01/13-.md

https://www.fooish.com/sql/create-table.html

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Apache (httpd)

UserDir

https://www.ltsplus.com/apache/rhel-centos-7-enable-userdir

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  1. vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/userdir.conf
  2. UserDir disabled -> enabled
    取消註解 UserDir public_html
  3. mkdir /home/user/public_html
  4. vim /home/user/public_html/index.html
  5. chmod 777 /home/user
  6. systemctl restart httpd

http://192.168.56.100/~user/index.html

kill

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Alias

(可能要調整 /data 的權限) (chmod 777 /data)

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  1. vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
  2. ​​​​Alias /abc /data
    ​​​​<Directory /data>
    ​​​​    Require all granted
    ​​​​<Directory>
    
  3. mkdir /data
  4. vim /data/hi.htm

http://192.168.56.100/abc/hi.htm

grep

過濾出空白行還有#行

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第十二週

IPv6 HTTPS

https://yowlab.idv.tw/wordpress/?p=1390

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allow, deny

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AllowOverride

課本 15-29 必考

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第十三週

AllowOverride

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抓 IP

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驗證登入

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FTP

Install

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Login

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多檔案傳輸

bin: Switching to binary mode

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prompt: Interactive mode off

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umask

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