---
# System prepended metadata

title: Internet Network
tags: [NQU Class Y1]

---

# Internet Network
###### 鄭石光/資工系
```python=1
  print('Hello there, have a good day!')
  # Welcome to my notebook
  # Hope i can give you a good impact
  # Thanks, See you agian..
```
## OSI & TCP/IP
### Layer 2-Data Link
###### Note : Bridge belongs to Layer 2


### Layer 6-Presentation Layer
###### Note : In this layer you can Coding/Encoding/Compression/Encription



### Layer 7-Application Layer
###### Note : Gateway Application layer is not equal to application

###### Example : HTTP is a Application protocol `AI Browser,Normal Browser`



## Repeater
###### Note : Repeater belongs to Physical Layer and Repeater can't understand the file!
###### Example : 'reciever from internet cable then ambitute it, eimplefed file,

## Router
###### Note : For each interface in router, In network we can do All Cast


## What is Networks Mask?
###### Example : Source IP Address 140.1.2.4 -> Network Mask 255.255.0.0 -> After and beeing 140.1.0.0

![](https://i.imgur.com/dzKZl9K.png)









## Request For Comment
###### Note : In addition to standards-track documents Proposed standard~Draft standart~(Standart) and BCP), the RFC series contains three other categories: Informational, Experimental and Historic.
##### 

## Chapter 5~Local Area Network
### How to SetUp Ethernet, WiFi, About Working
###### Note : AdHoc & Infrastucture Mock, and In AdHoc no have access point

### Aloha Protocol
###### Note : Ethernet is born from Aloha Protocol, Now we already use Ethernet, Aloha can't be use anymore.


###  Ethernet
#### 100=100Megabits/Second
IEEE 802.3= Fast Internet 100 MegaBits/Second
IEEE Std 802.3z, extends the operating speed of the world's most popular local area network to 1 billion bits per second (1000 Mb/s) for interconnecting high-performance switches, routers, and servers in the backbone of local area networks.
###### Note: Ethernet GB/Sec only used in DataCenter

###### Example: 
100BaseT
100Mbps/Baseband/Twisted Pair
10Broad36
10Mbps/Broadband

### Auto-Sensing
Now we use Full Duplex(In Switch) so The cable sent and recieve a data can together,
if we still use half duplex its cannot.

#### Cable
1.(MDIX) Medium Dependent Cross-Over Cable for Old Computer to Old Computer 
2.(Auto MDIX) Straigh For Computer (Now)






## Chapter-7 
About Networks
Man Lan HighSpeed Networks

WWAN Wireless Wide Area Network
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network
![](https://i.imgur.com/KWam7Gt.png)


# Teacher Explain
the testing is okay test the testing then he can get a label and the lamp polish label on Airport use the product that's very important you need to know when you produce something you cannot simply post the label on your product you need to send to the library for testing that's very important.

Lora is the transmission can be covered maybe 10 km even more  speed 0,3-27kb. 
802.11, Wi-Fi around 100 to 200 M outside in the indoor the transmission rate you should be around 20 M to 30m
![](https://i.imgur.com/doRoKin.png)

##### GHz(Gigahertz) merupakan satuan ukur yang digunakan oleh kecepatan clock untuk mengukur jumlah sikluis yang dijalankan oleh CPU perdetiknya.biasanya mengacu pada frekuensi dalam miliaran rentang siklus per detik.

for Bluetooth we've seen 10 m top the whole thing the transmission went to for the key is around 1 km

He just wants to get a lot of reasons why because you want to think about one thing. My current mobile phone can only take pictures. Let me ask you, do you think it is difficult to see the 4K picture with a mobile phone, right? If you want to see the 4K picture and the 8K picture, how can you see it clearly? On Dad’s TV, there is still a lot of recognition that is not enough, that is, 75 inches 85-inch and 100-inch TV, you think about one thing, the 4K picture, the legend of the picture is very high, if you can sit on the sofa, and then it is very troublesome to transmit it to the TV, so why? One of the important reasons to slowly develop to such a high level is through wireless and then

for Bluetooth 1.1 we've seen 10 m top the whole thing the transmission went to for the key is around 1 km

For blootot it self only can support 3Mbps, can up to 48Mbps, it use blootooth tecnology dan plus with wifi so can reach 48 mbps.
BLE=Bluetotth Low Energy

Why we need 4,0
https://youtu.be/m1K0o5OqvHQ
Saat manufaktur, manufaktur industri awalnya dari sekumpulan barang pasti sangat besar. Mengapa biayanya bisa dikurangi dengan manufaktur massal? Apakah benar? Izinkan saya memberi tahu Anda lagi. Ketika saya di industri, saya akan memproduksi pakaian dan sepatu . Jika saya tahu hal-hal Semakin rata-rata, semakin rendah biaya setiap barang yang diproduksi. Tetapi dengan perubahan zaman, sekarang ada mitra wanita fashion yang lebih cepat. Pikirkan satu hal, apakah Anda boleh membeli pakaian seperti ini, atau tidak akan butuh waktu lama baginya untuk Tidak baik mengubah batch baru setiap kali sesuatu keluar, jadi manufaktur sekarang tidak memerlukan banyak manufaktur, mungkin yang perlu dipesan oleh anak-anak, tetapi harus cepat, jadi Anda harus memikirkan satu hal. Berbicara tentang persediaan yang terlalu banyak, apakah saya akan menyebabkan persediaan terlalu banyak, dan kemudian menyebabkan barang tidak terjual? Semuanya disimpan di gudang. Ini adalah situasi kita saat ini. Apakah Anda tahu mengapa ekonomi kita sangat buruk tahun ini? Anda belum menyadarinya. Sebuah berita yang saya tidak tahu, teman sekelas saya, Universitas Quemoy, pesawatnya di Taiwan, Anda tahu, seperti tahun ini , sekolah terbaik di Shanghai, Cina daratan, sekolah terbaik di Cina daratan, Anda tahu tingkat pekerjaan mereka adalah perkiraan jumlah universitas, dapatkah Anda menebak? Coba lihat, misalnya, di Universitas Shanghai Jiaotong, yang merupakan sumur- sekolah terkenal di daftar peringkat Universitas Shanghai Jiaotong. Tahukah Anda berapa tingkat pekerjaan mereka? Dari 18 hingga 10 orang, hanya satu atau dua yang berhasil mendapatkan pekerjaan. Mengapa siswa lain tidak dapat menemukan pekerjaan setelah lulus? Anda dapat terus mencalonkan diri, atau jika Anda tidak dapat menemukan pekerjaan, tetap di rumah dulu. Anda harus tahu bahwa inflasi terjadi di seluruh dunia. Saya tidak tahu yang namanya inflasi. Itu yang terjadi di China daratan. Apakah Anda tahu tentang deflasi? Mereka semakin tidak takut untuk mengkonsumsi, jadi inilah saya di dua dunia yang berbeda. Dua dunia yang berbeda. Kembali ke beberapa aplikasi Industri 4.0 yang baru saja saya bicarakan. Misalnya, kami membuat pakaian. Setiap sesekali, saya mungkin harus mengubah banyak hal baru. Setiap kali, jumlahnya banyak. Jika Anda ingin mengatakan bahwa itu dilakukan dengan baik, Anda tidak dapat menekan 1 sekaligus. Untuk membuat sesuatu adalah banyak hal yang tidak bisa dijual, dan kerennya memiliki semua informasi yang ada. Misalnya, t
erminal terminal adalah sisi konsumen kami. Online seperti apa yang bisa digabungkan dengan upstream Anda. Saya perlu mulai hari ini. Bahan baku untuk membuat baju saja sangat banyak, jadi saya tidak butuh kapas, jadi mungkin saja selama proses itu, saya bisa mampir untuk menghadapi perubahan pasar. Jika pasar laris, saya mungkin segera memberi tahu seseorang untuk memanggil saya dan membiarkan kami Kemudian kami dapat dengan cepat menanggapi perubahan sosial karena ini sangat penting

wifi jangan pake wep,
wpa& wpa2 gampang di crack kalo mudah 100% can not be used when cracking. Basically, when cracking, we use the brute force cracking method and the dictionary attack method.
![](https://i.imgur.com/W4tbb5I.png)


## About Wireless Network
Adhoc
![](https://i.imgur.com/rsn1XpD.png)
![](https://i.imgur.com/JMrHjli.png)
Different SSID can't talk to different SSID
Infrastructure 
![](https://i.imgur.com/LP1tSFt.png)
if the other Mobile station the Mobile station need to send a package to access point course then access point will for all the data to the destination you cannot talk to the other Mobile station directy
Repeater Mode
![](https://i.imgur.com/6pY6J5K.png)
Down there is AP and up there is Repeater, Repeater is used for extend to other


### Ethernet
ethernet frame,ip, tcp/ip, app, wifitrailer
Ethernet Standard DIX and IEEEE802.3a

![](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SyyMAIP4n.png)


CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access
1.CS : Carrier Sense
2.MA : Multiple Access
3.CD : Collision Detection
Example : if they are one 10,000 * transmission if there are 10 station it means everyone can get 1,000 transmission times that's a multiple access everyone has the same priority to access the video



![](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/S1FdSDP43.png)
![](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/B1Z8MdDN3.png)

![](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BkTF3vDN3.png)


Ethernet Type
0800 Ipv4 Header
0806 Arp Header


### MAC Medium Access Control 6Bytes 
1.MAC Address (Physical Address) 
2.Ip Address (Logical Address) 
3.Port Number(Target)
 
 
 ![](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Bkei3uP43.png)
 
 
 ### WIFI 5/16/23
 ### Internet Network

IT Internet Technology
OT Operation Technology

PCF : Point coordination Function
(Confrension Free Mode)
DCF : Distributed Coordination Function
(Confrension Base Mode)
CSMA/CA : Carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance
Super Frame only use DCF

Beacon = Signal
if you open ipad, searching wifi, why we can detect so many wifi router it because beacon signal

how pcf work, need carrier sence to first, nerd wait pifs, 

when station a sent psckrt to station b is failed

first reason is collision
second is interference  mom

2 method
1 Data-ACk
a sent data to b, if b receive successful, b sent back ack to a.
2 rts/cts data/ ack
a sent rts first b sent cts back, then a sent data, b sent back ack

sometime have hidden terminal problem, 
rts request
cts clear to send
ifs inter frame space (data)

jika ack ud diterima brti suksrd


23/5/2023

### ~Subnetting
SubNetting is the process of dividing a network into several Sub-networks. Subnetting is only done on class A, class B and class C IP addresses. Subnetting will create several additional networks, but reduce the maximum number of hosts in each of these networks.

subnetting is mean change host bits to subnet bits
1 bits 2 
2 bits 4
3 bits 8
4 bits 16, 32 and other 
so if we devide to 2 
192.168.1.0.xxxxxxxx (24 net,7 bits)
change to
192.168.1.0.xxxxxxx (24 net,7 bits)

### ~SuperNetting
Supernetting is the procedure of combining multiple subnetworks into one network. The process of Supernetting is just the inverse of subnetting. In the process of Supernetting, bits of the network are converted into bits of the host. Other names for Supernetting are aggregation and route summarization.

Why we need supernetting
scenario, we need 500+ ip
if we use B class, will wasted so many ip, if we use c class not enough because oonly 254, so we can use supernetting 

IP = IPng (Ip Next Generation)
Ipv4 = 32 Bits
Ipv6 = 128 Bits

Ipv4= Connectionless-Oriented
No need SetUp connection
Ipv4 dan devided to 2 part, 
ICANN 

![](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HkFx20tS2.png)

Ip Classification adress 

class a class b class c ip address can be used for hosted setting

class d and e cannot used for compueter ip adrress seting, is used for d only used for destination ip adress
class e fonly use in laboratory for study

broadcast ip idress only use in destination not in source

if last hoster bit is all 0 is 

192.168.1.7/29
7=00000111
29 network bit, (111) 3 hoster bit

if all hoster bit is 111 is mean broadcast ip address

example per class
a. 1.0.0.0/8
b. 140.1.2.0/16
c. 192.168.1.0/24

how many host bit cna be used for network
b 65534
c. 254

### Unicast and Multicast
![](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/S1lIHyqS2.png)
![](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ryd8Bk9rn.png)

just set network bit to 1
and what to 0

![](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Hkjq1x9r3.png)
![](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rkXcUl5H3.png)


30 05 2023

subnetting
supper netting
network plannin
full of  bingung


![](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/r1-r4Xm8n.png)

soal ujian
harus bisa

CIDR
Classles INter- DOmain Routing

Ip Address 
0.0.0.0 This Network
(Class A) 
Example 0.0.0.0 want sent message
0.0.0.123 to this, because still in same network
0.0.0.0:22 its mean any interface maybe have ethernet, wifi , 22 is mean sshd , so entry from ethernet or wifi all is okei



# Internet Network~Question
###### 鄭石光/資工系
```python=1
  print('Hello there, have a good day!')
  # Welcome to my notebook
  # Hope i can give you a good impact
  # Thanks, See you agian..
```

## Question about Internet Networks

#### What Function of DNS?
##### Ans:The Internet's DNS system works much like a phone book by managing the mapping between names and numbers. DNS servers translate requests for names into IP addresses, controlling which server an end user will reach when they type a domain name into their web browser.


###### Note: So we sent DomainName to DNS Server then DNS transkate into IP Address "In internet only IP can we use for communication"

#### What's Standar for Ethernet?
Ethernet 2.0 or 802.3


#### How to communicate with WWW.GOGGLE.COM?
Need most have this four information.
1. IP Address
2. Internet Mask
3. Default Router
4. DNS Server (To Translate IP Address)
How to search our DNS Server?
Terminal~ipconfig /all~The bottom one "DNS Servers"
###### Example:  your internet is very slow, not because your Pc or Internet Slow, but because DNS Server have problem'

#### How are IP addresses classified?
IP addresses are classified into two main types: IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) and IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6). IPv4 addresses consist of four sets of numbers separated by periods (e.g., 192.168.0.1), while IPv6 addresses are longer and written in a hexadecimal format (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334).




###### tags: `Internet Network`
