財政紀律劃分法 懶人包
黃珊珊清楚說明為什麼要修財劃法
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#財劃法小教室 PART.1
【🔥《財政收支劃分法》是什麼?】
簡單來說,《財劃法》是以法律決定了各級政府收取的稅收該分別分配給中央、地方多少錢?讓各級政府「依據憲法及法律規定」所應辦理的各項政策及行政責任事務,有穩健的財政作為支撐。
以法律明文規定稅收分配後,各個地方政府就可以根據對全國稅收預估狀況,推估出可以分得的稅收金額大小,也就能決定此年度可以做多少事情?做到甚麼程度?
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【🔥修正財劃法是地方政府的殷切盼望!】
《財劃法》最近一次修正是在1999年,配合精省,考量中央承接部分省府業務,因此重新決定如何分配國稅及地方稅的稅收給各級政府。
不過本次的修法仍未擺脫「大中央政府」思維,透過「集錢」來「集權」,將地方政府可以透過財劃法直接確定能夠取得的「大餅」縮小,導致地方政府負擔許多法定的「地方自治」義務,卻沒有財源可以負擔。
不僅如此,行政院及立法院又會不斷強加責任在地方政府身上,中央請客地方買單,導致地方財務負擔沉重,根本不敢預先規劃未來的地方長遠發展。
(例如:班班有冷氣增加電費支出、調整公教待遇、調整村里長事務費….)
百般無奈的地方政府只能仰人鼻息,另外向中央爭取「計畫型補助款、一般性補助款」挹注。
不過除了一般性補助款有部分基本指標,很多中央補助款都是「中央執政黨」設定的政策指標來分配,由於人為因素重,因此縱使立意良善,也經常會被質疑中央大小眼,對「非同黨執政縣市」政府苛刻以待。
#未完待續
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[財劃法小教室 PART.2](https://www.facebook.com/share/p/fkR7wuv9MiNjuPqu/?mibextid=CTbP7E)
【🔥為什麼要修《財政收支劃分法》?】
舉例來說,當一般人在規劃每個月生活費、投資的預算能花多少時,首先會考量的是你每個拿到的薪水收入金額,因為這是非常確定的數字。你大概率不會拿績效獎金、年終獎金金額去規劃,因為這筆金額的大小變因太多,通常是取決於老闆的心情,考量平常聽不聽話?老闆交代的事情有沒有完成?
因此,修正財劃法讓地方政府明確知道今年我會分配多少錢?對於地方財政穩定以及城市的永續發展、前瞻性規畫非常重要!
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【🔥財劃法要修法是共識!但要怎麼修?】
2012年,台南市長賴清德表示:「升格後各項財政資源未增反減,賴市長要求中央儘速通過財政收支劃分法等三項法案」
2017年,行政院長賴清德宣布:「擬定均衡地方發展的三個方向,將研擬行政區重劃,解決公務員同職務不同職等問題;修正財政收支劃分法給地方更多經費;以及地方創生,發展地方經濟。」
從歷任總統,包括賴清德,蔡英文、馬英九都曾經主張邀修正財劃法,解決地方財政困境,就可以知道現行《財劃法》是有問題的,也必須予以修正,這樣的主張無關政黨顏色,而是要興國之大利。
延宕25年的修法,其實就卡在2點問題上,必須高度仰賴主政者的政治智慧與協調能力:
🔰垂直分配(中央vs地方):中央要維持正常的政府政事需要多少錢?多少錢是可以拿出來挹注地方政府,擴大統籌分配稅款大餅?
🔰水平分配(地方vs地方):如何訂定所有縣市都認為是公平的分配公式?應該要看人口、土地大小,還是賺錢能力(營業稅)?
#未完待續
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#財劃法小教室 PART.3
【🔥修正財劃法不是零和賽局】
針對前述問題,民眾黨團的《財政收支劃分法》版本,提出以下主要解方:
1.) 將「營業稅」全部劃歸地方,擴大統籌分配稅款大餅。
2.) 將「營所稅」原本90%留給中央提升至95%,避免中央流失過多財源。
3.) 鼓勵地方招商、引資,將「營所稅」5%留在公司所在之縣市。
4.) 成立由中央政府、地方政府、學者專家組成的「#統籌分配稅款分配委員會」共同決定公允的透明化、公式化分配原則
依據財政部估算,以民眾黨版本大約可讓中央釋出2700億給地方,與近年中央歲計賸餘平均金額相當。因此我認為這應是財劃法可以往前邁進的一小步,若能夠多拿這筆錢分配給地方,那麼對各地的財政都會是不小的挹注。
#不改革絕對不行,但台灣民眾黨推出來的版本並沒有對如何改革預設任何立場。非常可惜的是,民進黨執政的行政院或立院黨團遲遲未能提出版本,不經讓人懷疑執政黨對於過去公開宣示的改革承諾,是否跳票。
因此珊珊還是呼籲執政黨,應該要在財委會正式逐條審查《財劃法》版本前,提出對案版本,才能夠讓討論更加務實,且貼於實際。否則執政黨就應該老實的告訴人民,他們覺得沒有能力、魄力修法,也覺得不該修!
#財政改革箭在弦上 #已經溝通協調25年 #應該當個有肩膀的主政者
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行政院版本不提
黃珊珊質詢財政部不提供版本
https://youtube.com/shorts/SV3yHByZgio?si=BCRKQdrCl2NL4D0S
黃國昌呼籲民進黨不提就來支持民眾黨版本
https://youtube.com/shorts/VzSviJlCS1Y?si=c1P1Tf-qG1zkxrcY
珊珊質詢
https://youtube.com/shorts/NukHVwgUaFo?si=JninPbwWzZ8ZOvTF
民進黨(昔)支持財劃法
台南市長賴清德
https://youtube.com/shorts/glBnZKCZiiw?si=2R7X_Nqu1vhku8-8
行政院長蘇貞昌
https://youtube.com/shorts/LPbDVBHizlY?si=lOyrW51p7U-O1r5k
柯建銘
https://youtube.com/shorts/CRh-JFYazg8?si=YA27bWTpFgayftqV
https://youtube.com/shorts/gq7cwCzLbgI?si=cRToaOKTno_sgbIb
25年前修的財劃法給中央太多錢了
https://youtube.com/shorts/VpWX4XVvGyI?si=o8Km_SrXyozdQGPU
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闢謠記者會
https://youtu.be/4Cy06XUBg9M?si=LSkIR-hd6OVmStC6
張啟楷說明
http://youtube.com/post/UgkxjTuOKOUCmXX9yfNYy55zytgVJO92T1tQ?si=Z3YrgebNWWK_xM0F
漫畫版
https://www.facebook.com/share/1G4CTfAZvC/?mibextid=wwXIfr
民進黨跳票全記錄
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