# Homework2: RISC-V Toolchain
###### tags: `2022 computer architecture`
## Rewrite [Contains Duplicate](https://leetcode.com/problems/contains-duplicate/)
I choose the **Contains Duplicate** from [莊集](https://hackmd.io/@y8jRQNyoRe6WG-qekloIlA/Sk0PXEDzj)
**Motivation**: In the original C code, author used heap sort to sort the array. I want to improve his works using emu32i. I want to compare between hand writing code and generated code under differrent setting.
```c=
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdbool.h>
void swap(int *x, int *y){
int temp = *x;
*x = *y;
*y = temp;
}
void heapify(int *nums, int i, int numsSize){
int currValue = nums[i];
int j = i * 2 + 1; // left child
int parent;
while (j < numsSize){
if (j < (numsSize - 1)){
if (nums[j] < nums[j + 1]){
j = j + 1;
}
}
if (currValue >= nums[j])
break;
else{
if (j % 2 == 0)
parent = j / 2 - 1;
else
parent = j / 2;
nums[parent] = nums[j];
j = j * 2 + 1;
}
}
if (j % 2 == 0)
parent = j / 2 - 1;
else
parent = j / 2;
nums[parent] = currValue;
}
void heapSort(int *nums, int numsSize){
for (int i = numsSize / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--){
heapify(nums, i, numsSize);
}
for (int i = numsSize - 1; i >= 0; i--){
swap(&nums[0], &nums[i]);
heapify(nums, 0, i);
}
}
bool containsDuplicate(int* nums, int numsSize){
heapSort(nums, numsSize);
for (int i = 0; i < numsSize - 1; i++){
if (nums[i] == nums[i + 1])
return true;
}
return false;
}
int main(){
int question1[] = {1, 4, 5, 6, 2, 3};
bool answer1 = false;
printf("Question1 ");
if (answer1 == containsDuplicate(question1, (sizeof(question1)/sizeof(question1[0]))))
printf("Accepted\n");
else
printf("Failed\n");
int question2[] = {3, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1};
bool answer2 = true;
printf("Question2 ");
if (answer2 == containsDuplicate(question2, (sizeof(question2)/sizeof(question2[0]))))
printf("Accepted\n");
else
printf("Failed\n");
int question3[] = {-1, -2, 3, 4, -2, -1};
bool answer3 = true;
printf("Question3 ");
if (answer3 == containsDuplicate(question3, (sizeof(question3)/sizeof(question3[0]))))
printf("Accepted\n");
else
printf("Failed\n");
return 0;
}
```
Result
## Compare Assembly Code
### Original Code (From [莊集](https://hackmd.io/@y8jRQNyoRe6WG-qekloIlA/Sk0PXEDzj))
```clike=
.data
q1: .word 1, 4, 5, 6, 2, 3
q1Length: .word 6
ans1: .word 0
q2: .word 3, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 5
q2Length: .word 7
ans2: .word 1
q3: .word -1, -2, 3, 4, -2
q3Length: .word 5
ans3: .word 1
originArr: .string "originArr: "
sortedArr: .string "sortedArr: "
newLine: .string "\n"
Question1: .string "Question1\n"
Question2: .string "Question2\n"
Question3: .string "Question3\n"
True: .string "\nTrue"
False: .string "\nFalse"
Accepted: .string "\nAnswer Accepted"
Failed: .string "\nAnswer Failed"
.text
main:
## question 1
la a0, Question1
addi a7, zero, 4
ecall
la a0, q1 # get head addr of q1
lw a1, q1Length # get q1 size
mv s0, a0 # keep q1 head addr in s0
mv s1, a1
jal containsDuplicate # pass array head addr and size to containsDuplicate
jal autoTest # test the result with the answer
j end # end the program
containsDuplicate: # bool containsDuplicate(*nums, numsSize), nums:a0, numsSize:a1
addi sp, sp, -28 # store ra, s0, s1
sw ra, 0(sp) # store ra
sw s0, 4(sp) # store s0
sw s1, 8(sp) # store s1
sw s2, 12(sp) # store s2
sw s3, 16(sp) # store s3
sw s4, 20(sp) # store s4
sw s5, 24(sp) # store s5
mv s0, a0 # keep array head addr in s0
mv s1, a1 # keep array size in s1
## test
la a0, originArr
addi a7, zero, 4
ecall
mv a0, s0
mv a1, s1
ecall
jal printArray
#j end
## test
jal beforeHeapSort # call heapSort to sort the array from little to large
## do swap nums[0] and nums[i] and heapify while (i' = numsSize - 1; i >= 0; i--)
mv a0, s0 # a0 = nums
mv a1, s1 # a1 = numsSize
addi t3, s1, -1 # i'(t3) = numsSize - 1
mv a2, t3 # a2 = i'
jal swapAndHeapify # do swap and heapify
## test
la a0, newLine
addi a7, zero, 4
ecall
la a0, sortedArr
addi a7, zero, 4
ecall
mv a0, s0
mv a1, s1
jal printArray
#j end
## test
## compare adjacent element to check if they are identical
addi s2, zero, 0 # let s2 be index i of nums[i], and initialized with i = 0
addi s3, s3, 1 # let s3 be index j of nums[i + 1], and initialized with j = i + 1
containsDuplicateWhile:
bge s3, a1, containsDuplicateFalse # while j < numsSize then do the comparaion with nums[i] and nums[i + 1]
slli s4, s2, 2 # let s4 be offset of nums + 4 * i, which means nums[i]
add s4, a0, s4 # s4 = nums + 4 * i
lw s4, 0(s4) # s4 = nums[i]
slli s5, s3, 2 # let s4 be offset of nums + 4 * j, which means nums[j] == nums[i + 1]
add s5, a0, s5 # s4 = nums + 4 * i
lw s5, 0(s5) # s4 = nums[j] = nums[i + 1]
beq s4, s5, containsDuplicateTrue # True if there is identical elements sit together
addi s2, s2, 1 # i++
addi s3, s3, 1 # j++
j containsDuplicateWhile
containsDuplicateTrue:
la a0, True
addi a7, zero, 4
ecall
addi a0, zero, 1
j containsDuplicateSkip
containsDuplicateFalse:
la a0, False
addi a7, zero, 4
ecall
addi a0, zero, 0
containsDuplicateSkip:
#mv a0, s0 # restore nums head addr
#mv a1, s1 # restore numsSize
lw ra, 0(sp) # store ra
lw s0, 4(sp) # store s0
lw s1, 8(sp) # store s1
lw s2, 12(sp) # store s2
lw s3, 16(sp) # store s3
lw s4, 20(sp) # store s4
lw s5, 24(sp) # store s5
addi sp, sp, 28
jr ra
beforeHeapSort:
addi sp, sp -16 # store ra, s0, s1, s2
sw ra, 0(sp) # store ra because I call heapify
sw s0, 4(sp) # store s0 because I use a0
sw s1, 8(sp) # store s1 because I use a1
sw s2, 12(sp) # store s2 because I use s2
mv s0, a0 # keep array head addr in s0
mv s1, a1 # keep numsSize in a1
srli t6, a1, 1 # i(t6) = (numsSize / 2) - 1
addi t6, t6, -1
callHeapifyWhile:
bge t6, zero, heapSortSkip # while i >= 0, then do heapify
lw ra, 0(sp) # restore ra
lw s0, 4(sp) # restore s0
lw s1, 8(sp) # restore s1
lw s2, 12(sp) # restore s2
addi sp, sp, 16
jr ra # return from heapSort
heapSortSkip:
mv a0, s0 # a0 = *nums
mv a1, t6 # a1 = i
mv a2, s1 # a2 = numsSize
jal heapify # call heapify
addi t6, t6, -1 # i--
j callHeapifyWhile # do next heapify while i still >= 0
swapAndHeapify:
addi sp, sp, -24 # store ra, s0, s1, s2, s3, s4
sw ra, 0(sp) # store ra
sw s0, 4(sp) # store s0
sw s1, 8(sp) # store s1
sw s2, 12(sp) # store s2
sw s3, 16(sp) # store s3
sw s4, 20(sp) # store s4
mv s0, a0 # keep nums head addr in s0
mv s1, a1 # keep numsSize in s1
mv s2, a2 # keep i' in s2
swayAndHeapifyWhile:
bge s2, zero, swapAndHeapifySkip # while i >= 0 then do swap and heapify
## test
#mv a0, s0 # test
#mv a1, s1 # test
#jal printArray # test
#j end # test
## test
lw ra, 0(sp) # restore ra
lw s0, 4(sp) # restore s0
lw s1, 8(sp) # restore s1
lw s2, 12(sp) # restore s2
lw s3, 16(sp) # restore s3
lw s4, 20(sp) # restore s4
addi sp, sp, 24
jr ra
swapAndHeapifySkip:
addi s3, s0, 0 # let s3 be 0 and get nums[0]
slli s4, s2, 2 # let s4 be i' and get nums[i']
add s4, s0, s4 # s4 = nums + 4 * i'
## call swap
mv a0, s3
mv a1, s4
jal swap # swap(&nums[0], &nums[i])
## call heapify
mv a0, s0
mv a1, s2
jal beforeHeapSort
## test
#mv a0, s0 # test
#mv a1, s1 # test
#jal printArray # test
#j end # test
## test
addi s2, s2, -1 # i(s2)--
j swayAndHeapifyWhile
heapify: # void heapify(*nums, i, numsSize), nums:a0, i:a1, numsSize:a2
addi sp, sp -8 # store s10, s11
sw s10, 0(sp) # store s10
sw s11, 4(sp) # store s11
slli t5, a1, 2 # offset in array with i * 4
add t5, a0, t5 # add offset to base addr: (a0 + 4i)
lw t5, 0(t5) # let t5 be currValue = *(a0 + 4i)
slli t4, a1, 1 # let t4 be j = i * 2 + 1, means left child
addi t4, t4, 1
heapifyWhile:
bge t4, a2, assignCurrVal # while j < numsSize do adjust parent node
addi t3, a2, -1 # if j < (numsSize - 1) && nums[j] < nums[j + 1] then j++
slt t3, t4, t3 # if j < numsSize - 1 then keep doing
beq t3, zero, heapifySkip
addi s11, t4, 1 # let s11 be dereference of *(nums + (j + 1))
slli s11, s11, 2 # s11 = 4 * (j + 1)
add s11, a0, s11 # s11 = nums + 4 * (j + 1)
lw s11, 0(s11) # s11 = *(nums + 4(j + 1)) = nums[j + 1]
slli s10, t4, 2 # s10 = 4 * j
add s10, a0, s10 # s10 = (num + 4j)
lw s10, 0(s10) # s10 = *(num + 4j) = nums[j]
slt t3, s10, s11 # if nums[j] < nums[j + 1] ?
beq t3, zero, heapifySkip # if nums[j] < nums[j + 1] then j++
addi t4, t4, 1 # j++
heapifySkip:
slli s10, t4, 2 # let s10 = 4 * j
add s10, a0, s10 # s10 = (nums + 4j)
lw s10, 0(s10) # s10 = *(nums + 4j)
slt s10, t5, s10 # if (currValue >= nums[j]) then break
beq s10, zero, assignCurrVal
andi t3, t4, 1 # if (j % 2 == 0) then parent = j / 2 - 1
beq t3, zero, innerEvenAssign # else if (j % 2 == 1) then parent = j / 2
j innerOddAssign
innerEvenAssign:
srli t3, t4, 1 # let t3 be parent = j / 2 - 1
addi t3, t3, -1
j innerOddAssignSkip
innerOddAssign:
srli t3, t4, 1 # let t3 be parent = j / 2
innerOddAssignSkip:
slli t3, t3, 2 # t3 = parent * 4
add t3, a0, t3 # t3 = (nums + 4 * parent)
slli s11, t4, 2 # let s11 = 4 * j
add s11, a0, s11 # s11 = nums + 4j
lw s11, 0(s11) # s11 = nums[j]
sw s11, 0(t3) # nums[parent] = nums[j]
slli t4, t4, 1 # j = j * 2 + 1
addi t4, t4, 1
j heapifyWhile
assignCurrVal:
andi t3, t4, 1 # if (j % 2 == 0) then parent = j / 2 - 1
beq t3, zero, evenAssign # else if (j % 2 == 1) then parent = j / 2
j oddAssign
evenAssign:
srli t3, t4, 1 # let t3 be parent = j / 2 - 1
addi t3, t3, -1
j oddAssignSkip
oddAssign:
srli t3, t4, 1 # let t3 be parent = j / 2
oddAssignSkip:
slli t3, t3, 2 # t3 = parent * 4
add t3, a0, t3 # t3 = (nums + 4 * parent)
sw t5, 0(t3) # nums[parent] = currValue
lw s10, 0(sp) # restore s10
lw s11, 4(sp) # restore s11
addi sp, sp, 8
jr ra
swap: # void swam(*x, *y)
addi sp, sp, -8 # store s0, s1
sw s0, 0(sp) # store s0
sw s1, 4(sp) # store s1
lw s0, 0(a0) # s0 = nums[0]
lw s1, 0(a1) # s1 = nums[i]
sw s0, 0(a1) # nums[i] = nums[0]
sw s1, 0(a0) # nums[0] = nums[i]
lw s0, 0(sp) # restore s0
lw s1, 4(sp) # restore s1
addi sp, sp, 8
jr ra
printArray: # void printArray(*nums, numsSize), nums:a0, numsSize:a1
addi sp, sp, -12 # store ra, s0, s1
sw ra, 0(sp) # store ra
sw s0, 4(sp) # store s0
sw s1, 8(sp) # store s1
mv s0, a0 # keep nums head addr in s0
mv s1, a1 # keep numsSize in s1
addi t0, zero, 0 # i = 0
mv t1, a0 # keep nums head addr in t1
printArrayWhile:
blt t0, a1, printArraySkip # while i < numsSize, then do print array
mv a0, s0 # restore nums head addr
mv a1, s1 # restore numsSize
lw ra, 0(sp) # restore ra
lw s0, 4(sp) # restore s0
lw s1, 8(sp) # restore s1
addi sp, sp, 12
jr ra # return if i !< numsSize
printArraySkip:
lw a0, 0(t1) # a0 = t1[i]
addi a7, zero, 1 # print number
ecall
addi t0, t0, 1 # i++
addi t1, t1, 4 # t1 += 4, means iterate to next element in int array
j printArrayWhile
autoTest:
addi sp, sp, -4 # store s0
sw s0, 0(sp) # store s0
la s0, ans1
lw s0, 0(s0)
beq s0, a0, autoTestAccepted # if ans == your answer then accepted
j autoTestFailed
autoTestAccepted:
la a0, Accepted
addi a7, zero, 4
ecall
j autoTestSkip
autoTestFailed:
la a0, Failed
addi a7, zero, 4
ecall
autoTestSkip:
lw s0, 0(s0) # restore s0
addi sp, sp, 4 # restore s0
jr ra
end:
addi a7, zero, 10
ecall
```
#### Observation
- Register Used: 16
- sx register: s0 s1 s2 s3 s4 s10 s11
- tx register: t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6
- ax register: a0 a7
- other: ra zero ra
- Stack used(bytes): 0
### -O0 No Optimized Assembly Code
#### Terminal command
```shell
riscv-none-elf-gcc -march=rv32i -mabi=ilp32 -O0 -o ContainDuplicate_0 tests/ContainDuplicate.c
```
```clike=
00010184 <swap>:
10184: fd010113 addi sp,sp,-48
10188: 02812623 sw s0,44(sp)
1018c: 03010413 addi s0,sp,48
10190: fca42e23 sw a0,-36(s0)
10194: fcb42c23 sw a1,-40(s0)
10198: fdc42783 lw a5,-36(s0)
1019c: 0007a783 lw a5,0(a5)
101a0: fef42623 sw a5,-20(s0)
101a4: fd842783 lw a5,-40(s0)
101a8: 0007a703 lw a4,0(a5)
101ac: fdc42783 lw a5,-36(s0)
101b0: 00e7a023 sw a4,0(a5)
101b4: fd842783 lw a5,-40(s0)
101b8: fec42703 lw a4,-20(s0)
101bc: 00e7a023 sw a4,0(a5)
101c0: 00000013 nop
101c4: 02c12403 lw s0,44(sp)
101c8: 03010113 addi sp,sp,48
101cc: 00008067 ret
000101d0 <heapify>:
101d0: fd010113 addi sp,sp,-48
101d4: 02812623 sw s0,44(sp)
101d8: 03010413 addi s0,sp,48
101dc: fca42e23 sw a0,-36(s0)
101e0: fcb42c23 sw a1,-40(s0)
101e4: fcc42a23 sw a2,-44(s0)
101e8: fd842783 lw a5,-40(s0)
101ec: 00279793 slli a5,a5,0x2
101f0: fdc42703 lw a4,-36(s0)
101f4: 00f707b3 add a5,a4,a5
101f8: 0007a783 lw a5,0(a5)
101fc: fef42223 sw a5,-28(s0)
10200: fd842783 lw a5,-40(s0)
10204: 00179793 slli a5,a5,0x1
10208: 00178793 addi a5,a5,1
1020c: fef42623 sw a5,-20(s0)
10210: 0e00006f j 102f0 <heapify+0x120>
10214: fd442783 lw a5,-44(s0)
10218: fff78793 addi a5,a5,-1
1021c: fec42703 lw a4,-20(s0)
10220: 04f75063 bge a4,a5,10260 <heapify+0x90>
10224: fec42783 lw a5,-20(s0)
10228: 00279793 slli a5,a5,0x2
1022c: fdc42703 lw a4,-36(s0)
10230: 00f707b3 add a5,a4,a5
10234: 0007a703 lw a4,0(a5)
10238: fec42783 lw a5,-20(s0)
1023c: 00178793 addi a5,a5,1
10240: 00279793 slli a5,a5,0x2
10244: fdc42683 lw a3,-36(s0)
10248: 00f687b3 add a5,a3,a5
1024c: 0007a783 lw a5,0(a5)
10250: 00f75863 bge a4,a5,10260 <heapify+0x90>
10254: fec42783 lw a5,-20(s0)
10258: 00178793 addi a5,a5,1
1025c: fef42623 sw a5,-20(s0)
10260: fec42783 lw a5,-20(s0)
10264: 00279793 slli a5,a5,0x2
10268: fdc42703 lw a4,-36(s0)
1026c: 00f707b3 add a5,a4,a5
10270: 0007a783 lw a5,0(a5)
10274: fe442703 lw a4,-28(s0)
10278: 08f75463 bge a4,a5,10300 <heapify+0x130>
1027c: fec42783 lw a5,-20(s0)
10280: 0017f793 andi a5,a5,1
10284: 02079063 bnez a5,102a4 <heapify+0xd4>
10288: fec42783 lw a5,-20(s0)
1028c: 01f7d713 srli a4,a5,0x1f
10290: 00f707b3 add a5,a4,a5
10294: 4017d793 srai a5,a5,0x1
10298: fff78793 addi a5,a5,-1
1029c: fef42423 sw a5,-24(s0)
102a0: 0180006f j 102b8 <heapify+0xe8>
102a4: fec42783 lw a5,-20(s0)
102a8: 01f7d713 srli a4,a5,0x1f
102ac: 00f707b3 add a5,a4,a5
102b0: 4017d793 srai a5,a5,0x1
102b4: fef42423 sw a5,-24(s0)
102b8: fec42783 lw a5,-20(s0)
102bc: 00279793 slli a5,a5,0x2
102c0: fdc42703 lw a4,-36(s0)
102c4: 00f70733 add a4,a4,a5
102c8: fe842783 lw a5,-24(s0)
102cc: 00279793 slli a5,a5,0x2
102d0: fdc42683 lw a3,-36(s0)
102d4: 00f687b3 add a5,a3,a5
102d8: 00072703 lw a4,0(a4)
102dc: 00e7a023 sw a4,0(a5)
102e0: fec42783 lw a5,-20(s0)
102e4: 00179793 slli a5,a5,0x1
102e8: 00178793 addi a5,a5,1
102ec: fef42623 sw a5,-20(s0)
102f0: fec42703 lw a4,-20(s0)
102f4: fd442783 lw a5,-44(s0)
102f8: f0f74ee3 blt a4,a5,10214 <heapify+0x44>
102fc: 0080006f j 10304 <heapify+0x134>
10300: 00000013 nop
10304: fec42783 lw a5,-20(s0)
10308: 0017f793 andi a5,a5,1
1030c: 02079063 bnez a5,1032c <heapify+0x15c>
10310: fec42783 lw a5,-20(s0)
10314: 01f7d713 srli a4,a5,0x1f
10318: 00f707b3 add a5,a4,a5
1031c: 4017d793 srai a5,a5,0x1
10320: fff78793 addi a5,a5,-1
10324: fef42423 sw a5,-24(s0)
10328: 0180006f j 10340 <heapify+0x170>
1032c: fec42783 lw a5,-20(s0)
10330: 01f7d713 srli a4,a5,0x1f
10334: 00f707b3 add a5,a4,a5
10338: 4017d793 srai a5,a5,0x1
1033c: fef42423 sw a5,-24(s0)
10340: fe842783 lw a5,-24(s0)
10344: 00279793 slli a5,a5,0x2
10348: fdc42703 lw a4,-36(s0)
1034c: 00f707b3 add a5,a4,a5
10350: fe442703 lw a4,-28(s0)
10354: 00e7a023 sw a4,0(a5)
10358: 00000013 nop
1035c: 02c12403 lw s0,44(sp)
10360: 03010113 addi sp,sp,48
10364: 00008067 ret
00010368 <heapSort>:
10368: fd010113 addi sp,sp,-48
1036c: 02112623 sw ra,44(sp)
10370: 02812423 sw s0,40(sp)
10374: 03010413 addi s0,sp,48
10378: fca42e23 sw a0,-36(s0)
1037c: fcb42c23 sw a1,-40(s0)
10380: fd842783 lw a5,-40(s0)
10384: 01f7d713 srli a4,a5,0x1f
10388: 00f707b3 add a5,a4,a5
1038c: 4017d793 srai a5,a5,0x1
10390: fff78793 addi a5,a5,-1
10394: fef42623 sw a5,-20(s0)
10398: 0200006f j 103b8 <heapSort+0x50>
1039c: fd842603 lw a2,-40(s0)
103a0: fec42583 lw a1,-20(s0)
103a4: fdc42503 lw a0,-36(s0)
103a8: e29ff0ef jal ra,101d0 <heapify>
103ac: fec42783 lw a5,-20(s0)
103b0: fff78793 addi a5,a5,-1
103b4: fef42623 sw a5,-20(s0)
103b8: fec42783 lw a5,-20(s0)
103bc: fe07d0e3 bgez a5,1039c <heapSort+0x34>
103c0: fd842783 lw a5,-40(s0)
103c4: fff78793 addi a5,a5,-1
103c8: fef42423 sw a5,-24(s0)
103cc: 03c0006f j 10408 <heapSort+0xa0>
103d0: fe842783 lw a5,-24(s0)
103d4: 00279793 slli a5,a5,0x2
103d8: fdc42703 lw a4,-36(s0)
103dc: 00f707b3 add a5,a4,a5
103e0: 00078593 mv a1,a5
103e4: fdc42503 lw a0,-36(s0)
103e8: d9dff0ef jal ra,10184 <swap>
103ec: fe842603 lw a2,-24(s0)
103f0: 00000593 li a1,0
103f4: fdc42503 lw a0,-36(s0)
103f8: dd9ff0ef jal ra,101d0 <heapify>
103fc: fe842783 lw a5,-24(s0)
10400: fff78793 addi a5,a5,-1
10404: fef42423 sw a5,-24(s0)
10408: fe842783 lw a5,-24(s0)
1040c: fc07d2e3 bgez a5,103d0 <heapSort+0x68>
10410: 00000013 nop
10414: 00000013 nop
10418: 02c12083 lw ra,44(sp)
1041c: 02812403 lw s0,40(sp)
10420: 03010113 addi sp,sp,48
10424: 00008067 ret
00010428 <containsDuplicate>:
10428: fd010113 addi sp,sp,-48
1042c: 02112623 sw ra,44(sp)
10430: 02812423 sw s0,40(sp)
10434: 03010413 addi s0,sp,48
10438: fca42e23 sw a0,-36(s0)
1043c: fcb42c23 sw a1,-40(s0)
10440: fd842583 lw a1,-40(s0)
10444: fdc42503 lw a0,-36(s0)
10448: f21ff0ef jal ra,10368 <heapSort>
1044c: fe042623 sw zero,-20(s0)
10450: 0480006f j 10498 <containsDuplicate+0x70>
10454: fec42783 lw a5,-20(s0)
10458: 00279793 slli a5,a5,0x2
1045c: fdc42703 lw a4,-36(s0)
10460: 00f707b3 add a5,a4,a5
10464: 0007a703 lw a4,0(a5)
10468: fec42783 lw a5,-20(s0)
1046c: 00178793 addi a5,a5,1
10470: 00279793 slli a5,a5,0x2
10474: fdc42683 lw a3,-36(s0)
10478: 00f687b3 add a5,a3,a5
1047c: 0007a783 lw a5,0(a5)
10480: 00f71663 bne a4,a5,1048c <containsDuplicate+0x64>
10484: 00100793 li a5,1
10488: 0240006f j 104ac <containsDuplicate+0x84>
1048c: fec42783 lw a5,-20(s0)
10490: 00178793 addi a5,a5,1
10494: fef42623 sw a5,-20(s0)
10498: fd842783 lw a5,-40(s0)
1049c: fff78793 addi a5,a5,-1
104a0: fec42703 lw a4,-20(s0)
104a4: faf748e3 blt a4,a5,10454 <containsDuplicate+0x2c>
104a8: 00000793 li a5,0
104ac: 00078513 mv a0,a5
104b0: 02c12083 lw ra,44(sp)
104b4: 02812403 lw s0,40(sp)
104b8: 03010113 addi sp,sp,48
104bc: 00008067 ret
000104c0 <main>:
104c0: fa010113 addi sp,sp,-96
104c4: 04112e23 sw ra,92(sp)
104c8: 04812c23 sw s0,88(sp)
104cc: 06010413 addi s0,sp,96
104d0: 000227b7 lui a5,0x22
104d4: c5078793 addi a5,a5,-944 # 21c50 <__clzsi2+0xc0>
104d8: 0007a503 lw a0,0(a5)
104dc: 0047a583 lw a1,4(a5)
104e0: 0087a603 lw a2,8(a5)
104e4: 00c7a683 lw a3,12(a5)
104e8: 0107a703 lw a4,16(a5)
104ec: 0147a783 lw a5,20(a5)
104f0: fca42a23 sw a0,-44(s0)
104f4: fcb42c23 sw a1,-40(s0)
104f8: fcc42e23 sw a2,-36(s0)
104fc: fed42023 sw a3,-32(s0)
10500: fee42223 sw a4,-28(s0)
10504: fef42423 sw a5,-24(s0)
10508: fe0407a3 sb zero,-17(s0)
1050c: 000227b7 lui a5,0x22
10510: c1878513 addi a0,a5,-1000 # 21c18 <__clzsi2+0x88>
10514: 388000ef jal ra,1089c <printf>
10518: fd440793 addi a5,s0,-44
1051c: 00600593 li a1,6
10520: 00078513 mv a0,a5
10524: f05ff0ef jal ra,10428 <containsDuplicate>
10528: 00050793 mv a5,a0
1052c: 00078713 mv a4,a5
10530: fef44783 lbu a5,-17(s0)
10534: 00e79a63 bne a5,a4,10548 <main+0x88>
10538: 000227b7 lui a5,0x22
1053c: c2478513 addi a0,a5,-988 # 21c24 <__clzsi2+0x94>
10540: 4d4000ef jal ra,10a14 <puts>
10544: 0100006f j 10554 <main+0x94>
10548: 000227b7 lui a5,0x22
1054c: c3078513 addi a0,a5,-976 # 21c30 <__clzsi2+0xa0>
10550: 4c4000ef jal ra,10a14 <puts>
10554: 000227b7 lui a5,0x22
10558: c6878793 addi a5,a5,-920 # 21c68 <__clzsi2+0xd8>
1055c: 0007a503 lw a0,0(a5)
10560: 0047a583 lw a1,4(a5)
10564: 0087a603 lw a2,8(a5)
10568: 00c7a683 lw a3,12(a5)
1056c: 0107a703 lw a4,16(a5)
10570: 0147a783 lw a5,20(a5)
10574: faa42e23 sw a0,-68(s0)
10578: fcb42023 sw a1,-64(s0)
1057c: fcc42223 sw a2,-60(s0)
10580: fcd42423 sw a3,-56(s0)
10584: fce42623 sw a4,-52(s0)
10588: fcf42823 sw a5,-48(s0)
1058c: 00100793 li a5,1
10590: fef40723 sb a5,-18(s0)
10594: 000227b7 lui a5,0x22
10598: c3878513 addi a0,a5,-968 # 21c38 <__clzsi2+0xa8>
1059c: 300000ef jal ra,1089c <printf>
105a0: fbc40793 addi a5,s0,-68
105a4: 00600593 li a1,6
105a8: 00078513 mv a0,a5
105ac: e7dff0ef jal ra,10428 <containsDuplicate>
105b0: 00050793 mv a5,a0
105b4: 00078713 mv a4,a5
105b8: fee44783 lbu a5,-18(s0)
105bc: 00e79a63 bne a5,a4,105d0 <main+0x110>
105c0: 000227b7 lui a5,0x22
105c4: c2478513 addi a0,a5,-988 # 21c24 <__clzsi2+0x94>
105c8: 44c000ef jal ra,10a14 <puts>
105cc: 0100006f j 105dc <main+0x11c>
105d0: 000227b7 lui a5,0x22
105d4: c3078513 addi a0,a5,-976 # 21c30 <__clzsi2+0xa0>
105d8: 43c000ef jal ra,10a14 <puts>
105dc: 000227b7 lui a5,0x22
105e0: c8078793 addi a5,a5,-896 # 21c80 <__clzsi2+0xf0>
105e4: 0007a503 lw a0,0(a5)
105e8: 0047a583 lw a1,4(a5)
105ec: 0087a603 lw a2,8(a5)
105f0: 00c7a683 lw a3,12(a5)
105f4: 0107a703 lw a4,16(a5)
105f8: 0147a783 lw a5,20(a5)
105fc: faa42223 sw a0,-92(s0)
10600: fab42423 sw a1,-88(s0)
10604: fac42623 sw a2,-84(s0)
10608: fad42823 sw a3,-80(s0)
1060c: fae42a23 sw a4,-76(s0)
10610: faf42c23 sw a5,-72(s0)
10614: 00100793 li a5,1
10618: fef406a3 sb a5,-19(s0)
1061c: 000227b7 lui a5,0x22
10620: c4478513 addi a0,a5,-956 # 21c44 <__clzsi2+0xb4>
10624: 278000ef jal ra,1089c <printf>
10628: fa440793 addi a5,s0,-92
1062c: 00600593 li a1,6
10630: 00078513 mv a0,a5
10634: df5ff0ef jal ra,10428 <containsDuplicate>
10638: 00050793 mv a5,a0
1063c: 00078713 mv a4,a5
10640: fed44783 lbu a5,-19(s0)
10644: 00e79a63 bne a5,a4,10658 <main+0x198>
10648: 000227b7 lui a5,0x22
1064c: c2478513 addi a0,a5,-988 # 21c24 <__clzsi2+0x94>
10650: 3c4000ef jal ra,10a14 <puts>
10654: 0100006f j 10664 <main+0x1a4>
10658: 000227b7 lui a5,0x22
1065c: c3078513 addi a0,a5,-976 # 21c30 <__clzsi2+0xa0>
10660: 3b4000ef jal ra,10a14 <puts>
10664: 00000793 li a5,0
10668: 00078513 mv a0,a5
1066c: 05c12083 lw ra,92(sp)
10670: 05812403 lw s0,88(sp)
10674: 06010113 addi sp,sp,96
10678: 00008067 ret
```
#### Size of Assembly code:
#### Obsevation:
- Register Used: 10
- sx register: s0 s1 s2 s3
- tx register: None
- ax register: a0 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5
- other: sp ra
- Stack used(bytes): 96 (main)
### -O1 Optimized Assembly Code
#### Terminal command
```shell
riscv-none-elf-gcc -march=rv32i -mabi=ilp32 -O1 -o ContainDuplicate_1 tests/ContainDuplicate.c
```
```clike=
00010184 <swap>:
10184: 00052783 lw a5,0(a0)
10188: 0005a703 lw a4,0(a1)
1018c: 00e52023 sw a4,0(a0)
10190: 00f5a023 sw a5,0(a1)
10194: 00008067 ret
00010198 <heapify>:
10198: 00259793 slli a5,a1,0x2
1019c: 00f507b3 add a5,a0,a5
101a0: 0007a803 lw a6,0(a5)
101a4: 00159593 slli a1,a1,0x1
101a8: 00158793 addi a5,a1,1
101ac: 06c7dc63 bge a5,a2,10224 <heapify+0x8c>
101b0: fff60593 addi a1,a2,-1
101b4: 0280006f j 101dc <heapify+0x44>
101b8: 01f7d713 srli a4,a5,0x1f
101bc: 00f70733 add a4,a4,a5
101c0: 40175713 srai a4,a4,0x1
101c4: 00271713 slli a4,a4,0x2
101c8: 00e50733 add a4,a0,a4
101cc: 00d72023 sw a3,0(a4)
101d0: 00179793 slli a5,a5,0x1
101d4: 00178793 addi a5,a5,1
101d8: 04c7d663 bge a5,a2,10224 <heapify+0x8c>
101dc: 00b7de63 bge a5,a1,101f8 <heapify+0x60>
101e0: 00279713 slli a4,a5,0x2
101e4: 00e50733 add a4,a0,a4
101e8: 00072683 lw a3,0(a4)
101ec: 00472703 lw a4,4(a4)
101f0: 00e6a733 slt a4,a3,a4
101f4: 00e787b3 add a5,a5,a4
101f8: 00279713 slli a4,a5,0x2
101fc: 00e50733 add a4,a0,a4
10200: 00072683 lw a3,0(a4)
10204: 02d85063 bge a6,a3,10224 <heapify+0x8c>
10208: 0017f713 andi a4,a5,1
1020c: fa0716e3 bnez a4,101b8 <heapify+0x20>
10210: 01f7d713 srli a4,a5,0x1f
10214: 00f70733 add a4,a4,a5
10218: 40175713 srai a4,a4,0x1
1021c: fff70713 addi a4,a4,-1
10220: fa5ff06f j 101c4 <heapify+0x2c>
10224: 0017f713 andi a4,a5,1
10228: 02071263 bnez a4,1024c <heapify+0xb4>
1022c: 01f7d713 srli a4,a5,0x1f
10230: 00f707b3 add a5,a4,a5
10234: 4017d793 srai a5,a5,0x1
10238: fff78793 addi a5,a5,-1
1023c: 00279793 slli a5,a5,0x2
10240: 00f50533 add a0,a0,a5
10244: 01052023 sw a6,0(a0)
10248: 00008067 ret
1024c: 01f7d713 srli a4,a5,0x1f
10250: 00f707b3 add a5,a4,a5
10254: 4017d793 srai a5,a5,0x1
10258: fe5ff06f j 1023c <heapify+0xa4>
0001025c <heapSort>:
1025c: fe010113 addi sp,sp,-32
10260: 00112e23 sw ra,28(sp)
10264: 00812c23 sw s0,24(sp)
10268: 00912a23 sw s1,20(sp)
1026c: 01212823 sw s2,16(sp)
10270: 01312623 sw s3,12(sp)
10274: 00050913 mv s2,a0
10278: 00058413 mv s0,a1
1027c: 01f5d493 srli s1,a1,0x1f
10280: 00b484b3 add s1,s1,a1
10284: 4014d493 srai s1,s1,0x1
10288: fff48493 addi s1,s1,-1
1028c: 0204c063 bltz s1,102ac <heapSort+0x50>
10290: fff00993 li s3,-1
10294: 00040613 mv a2,s0
10298: 00048593 mv a1,s1
1029c: 00090513 mv a0,s2
102a0: ef9ff0ef jal ra,10198 <heapify>
102a4: fff48493 addi s1,s1,-1
102a8: ff3496e3 bne s1,s3,10294 <heapSort+0x38>
102ac: fff40493 addi s1,s0,-1
102b0: 0204ce63 bltz s1,102ec <heapSort+0x90>
102b4: 00241413 slli s0,s0,0x2
102b8: 00890433 add s0,s2,s0
102bc: fff00993 li s3,-1
102c0: 00092783 lw a5,0(s2)
102c4: ffc42703 lw a4,-4(s0)
102c8: 00e92023 sw a4,0(s2)
102cc: fef42e23 sw a5,-4(s0)
102d0: 00048613 mv a2,s1
102d4: 00000593 li a1,0
102d8: 00090513 mv a0,s2
102dc: ebdff0ef jal ra,10198 <heapify>
102e0: fff48493 addi s1,s1,-1
102e4: ffc40413 addi s0,s0,-4
102e8: fd349ce3 bne s1,s3,102c0 <heapSort+0x64>
102ec: 01c12083 lw ra,28(sp)
102f0: 01812403 lw s0,24(sp)
102f4: 01412483 lw s1,20(sp)
102f8: 01012903 lw s2,16(sp)
102fc: 00c12983 lw s3,12(sp)
10300: 02010113 addi sp,sp,32
10304: 00008067 ret
00010308 <containsDuplicate>:
10308: ff010113 addi sp,sp,-16
1030c: 00112623 sw ra,12(sp)
10310: 00812423 sw s0,8(sp)
10314: 00912223 sw s1,4(sp)
10318: 00050413 mv s0,a0
1031c: 00058493 mv s1,a1
10320: f3dff0ef jal ra,1025c <heapSort>
10324: 00100793 li a5,1
10328: 0297d863 bge a5,s1,10358 <containsDuplicate+0x50>
1032c: 00040513 mv a0,s0
10330: fff48593 addi a1,s1,-1
10334: 00000793 li a5,0
10338: 00052683 lw a3,0(a0)
1033c: 00452703 lw a4,4(a0)
10340: 02e68063 beq a3,a4,10360 <containsDuplicate+0x58>
10344: 00178793 addi a5,a5,1
10348: 00450513 addi a0,a0,4
1034c: feb796e3 bne a5,a1,10338 <containsDuplicate+0x30>
10350: 00000513 li a0,0
10354: 0100006f j 10364 <containsDuplicate+0x5c>
10358: 00000513 li a0,0
1035c: 0080006f j 10364 <containsDuplicate+0x5c>
10360: 00100513 li a0,1
10364: 00c12083 lw ra,12(sp)
10368: 00812403 lw s0,8(sp)
1036c: 00412483 lw s1,4(sp)
10370: 01010113 addi sp,sp,16
10374: 00008067 ret
00010378 <main>:
10378: fa010113 addi sp,sp,-96
1037c: 04112e23 sw ra,92(sp)
10380: 000227b7 lui a5,0x22
10384: ab878793 addi a5,a5,-1352 # 21ab8 <__clzsi2+0xc4>
10388: 0007a503 lw a0,0(a5)
1038c: 0047a583 lw a1,4(a5)
10390: 0087a603 lw a2,8(a5)
10394: 00c7a683 lw a3,12(a5)
10398: 0107a703 lw a4,16(a5)
1039c: 0147a783 lw a5,20(a5)
103a0: 02a12c23 sw a0,56(sp)
103a4: 02b12e23 sw a1,60(sp)
103a8: 04c12023 sw a2,64(sp)
103ac: 04d12223 sw a3,68(sp)
103b0: 04e12423 sw a4,72(sp)
103b4: 04f12623 sw a5,76(sp)
103b8: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
103bc: a8050513 addi a0,a0,-1408 # 21a80 <__clzsi2+0x8c>
103c0: 340000ef jal ra,10700 <printf>
103c4: 00600593 li a1,6
103c8: 03810513 addi a0,sp,56
103cc: f3dff0ef jal ra,10308 <containsDuplicate>
103d0: 0e051063 bnez a0,104b0 <main+0x138>
103d4: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
103d8: a8c50513 addi a0,a0,-1396 # 21a8c <__clzsi2+0x98>
103dc: 49c000ef jal ra,10878 <puts>
103e0: 000227b7 lui a5,0x22
103e4: ab878793 addi a5,a5,-1352 # 21ab8 <__clzsi2+0xc4>
103e8: 0187a503 lw a0,24(a5)
103ec: 01c7a583 lw a1,28(a5)
103f0: 0207a603 lw a2,32(a5)
103f4: 0247a683 lw a3,36(a5)
103f8: 0287a703 lw a4,40(a5)
103fc: 02c7a783 lw a5,44(a5)
10400: 02a12023 sw a0,32(sp)
10404: 02b12223 sw a1,36(sp)
10408: 02c12423 sw a2,40(sp)
1040c: 02d12623 sw a3,44(sp)
10410: 02e12823 sw a4,48(sp)
10414: 02f12a23 sw a5,52(sp)
10418: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
1041c: aa050513 addi a0,a0,-1376 # 21aa0 <__clzsi2+0xac>
10420: 2e0000ef jal ra,10700 <printf>
10424: 00600593 li a1,6
10428: 02010513 addi a0,sp,32
1042c: eddff0ef jal ra,10308 <containsDuplicate>
10430: 08050863 beqz a0,104c0 <main+0x148>
10434: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
10438: a8c50513 addi a0,a0,-1396 # 21a8c <__clzsi2+0x98>
1043c: 43c000ef jal ra,10878 <puts>
10440: 000227b7 lui a5,0x22
10444: ab878793 addi a5,a5,-1352 # 21ab8 <__clzsi2+0xc4>
10448: 0307a503 lw a0,48(a5)
1044c: 0347a583 lw a1,52(a5)
10450: 0387a603 lw a2,56(a5)
10454: 03c7a683 lw a3,60(a5)
10458: 0407a703 lw a4,64(a5)
1045c: 0447a783 lw a5,68(a5)
10460: 00a12423 sw a0,8(sp)
10464: 00b12623 sw a1,12(sp)
10468: 00c12823 sw a2,16(sp)
1046c: 00d12a23 sw a3,20(sp)
10470: 00e12c23 sw a4,24(sp)
10474: 00f12e23 sw a5,28(sp)
10478: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
1047c: aac50513 addi a0,a0,-1364 # 21aac <__clzsi2+0xb8>
10480: 280000ef jal ra,10700 <printf>
10484: 00600593 li a1,6
10488: 00810513 addi a0,sp,8
1048c: e7dff0ef jal ra,10308 <containsDuplicate>
10490: 04050063 beqz a0,104d0 <main+0x158>
10494: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
10498: a8c50513 addi a0,a0,-1396 # 21a8c <__clzsi2+0x98>
1049c: 3dc000ef jal ra,10878 <puts>
104a0: 00000513 li a0,0
104a4: 05c12083 lw ra,92(sp)
104a8: 06010113 addi sp,sp,96
104ac: 00008067 ret
104b0: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
104b4: a9850513 addi a0,a0,-1384 # 21a98 <__clzsi2+0xa4>
104b8: 3c0000ef jal ra,10878 <puts>
104bc: f25ff06f j 103e0 <main+0x68>
104c0: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
104c4: a9850513 addi a0,a0,-1384 # 21a98 <__clzsi2+0xa4>
104c8: 3b0000ef jal ra,10878 <puts>
104cc: f75ff06f j 10440 <main+0xc8>
104d0: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
104d4: a9850513 addi a0,a0,-1384 # 21a98 <__clzsi2+0xa4>
104d8: 3a0000ef jal ra,10878 <puts>
104dc: fc5ff06f j 104a0 <main+0x128>
```
#### Size of Assembly code:
#### Obsevation:
- Register Used: 10
- sx register: s0 s1 s2 s3
- tx register: None
- ax register: a0 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5
- other: sp ra
- Stack used(bytes): 96 (main)
### -O3 Optimized Assembly Code
#### Terminal command
```shell
riscv-none-elf-gcc -march=rv32i -mabi=ilp32 -O3 -o ContainDuplicate_3 tests/ContainDuplicate.c
```
```clike=
000100c4 <main>:
100c4: fa010113 addi sp,sp,-96
100c8: 04812c23 sw s0,88(sp)
100cc: 00022437 lui s0,0x22
100d0: b8040413 addi s0,s0,-1152 # 21b80 <__clzsi2+0xc0>
100d4: 00442583 lw a1,4(s0)
100d8: 00042803 lw a6,0(s0)
100dc: 00842603 lw a2,8(s0)
100e0: 00c42683 lw a3,12(s0)
100e4: 01042703 lw a4,16(s0)
100e8: 01442783 lw a5,20(s0)
100ec: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
100f0: b4850513 addi a0,a0,-1208 # 21b48 <__clzsi2+0x88>
100f4: 04112e23 sw ra,92(sp)
100f8: 00b12623 sw a1,12(sp)
100fc: 01012423 sw a6,8(sp)
10100: 00c12823 sw a2,16(sp)
10104: 00d12a23 sw a3,20(sp)
10108: 00e12c23 sw a4,24(sp)
1010c: 00f12e23 sw a5,28(sp)
10110: 6bc000ef jal ra,107cc <printf>
10114: 00600593 li a1,6
10118: 00810513 addi a0,sp,8
1011c: 410000ef jal ra,1052c <containsDuplicate>
10120: 0c051a63 bnez a0,101f4 <main+0x130>
10124: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
10128: b5450513 addi a0,a0,-1196 # 21b54 <__clzsi2+0x94>
1012c: 019000ef jal ra,10944 <puts>
10130: 01c42583 lw a1,28(s0)
10134: 01842803 lw a6,24(s0)
10138: 02042603 lw a2,32(s0)
1013c: 02442683 lw a3,36(s0)
10140: 02842703 lw a4,40(s0)
10144: 02c42783 lw a5,44(s0)
10148: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
1014c: b6850513 addi a0,a0,-1176 # 21b68 <__clzsi2+0xa8>
10150: 02b12223 sw a1,36(sp)
10154: 03012023 sw a6,32(sp)
10158: 02c12423 sw a2,40(sp)
1015c: 02d12623 sw a3,44(sp)
10160: 02e12823 sw a4,48(sp)
10164: 02f12a23 sw a5,52(sp)
10168: 664000ef jal ra,107cc <printf>
1016c: 00600593 li a1,6
10170: 02010513 addi a0,sp,32
10174: 3b8000ef jal ra,1052c <containsDuplicate>
10178: 08050e63 beqz a0,10214 <main+0x150>
1017c: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
10180: b5450513 addi a0,a0,-1196 # 21b54 <__clzsi2+0x94>
10184: 7c0000ef jal ra,10944 <puts>
10188: 03442583 lw a1,52(s0)
1018c: 03042803 lw a6,48(s0)
10190: 03842603 lw a2,56(s0)
10194: 03c42683 lw a3,60(s0)
10198: 04042703 lw a4,64(s0)
1019c: 04442783 lw a5,68(s0)
101a0: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
101a4: b7450513 addi a0,a0,-1164 # 21b74 <__clzsi2+0xb4>
101a8: 02b12e23 sw a1,60(sp)
101ac: 03012c23 sw a6,56(sp)
101b0: 04c12023 sw a2,64(sp)
101b4: 04d12223 sw a3,68(sp)
101b8: 04e12423 sw a4,72(sp)
101bc: 04f12623 sw a5,76(sp)
101c0: 60c000ef jal ra,107cc <printf>
101c4: 00600593 li a1,6
101c8: 03810513 addi a0,sp,56
101cc: 360000ef jal ra,1052c <containsDuplicate>
101d0: 02050a63 beqz a0,10204 <main+0x140>
101d4: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
101d8: b5450513 addi a0,a0,-1196 # 21b54 <__clzsi2+0x94>
101dc: 768000ef jal ra,10944 <puts>
101e0: 05c12083 lw ra,92(sp)
101e4: 05812403 lw s0,88(sp)
101e8: 00000513 li a0,0
101ec: 06010113 addi sp,sp,96
101f0: 00008067 ret
101f4: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
101f8: b6050513 addi a0,a0,-1184 # 21b60 <__clzsi2+0xa0>
101fc: 748000ef jal ra,10944 <puts>
10200: f31ff06f j 10130 <main+0x6c>
10204: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
10208: b6050513 addi a0,a0,-1184 # 21b60 <__clzsi2+0xa0>
1020c: 738000ef jal ra,10944 <puts>
10210: fd1ff06f j 101e0 <main+0x11c>
10214: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
10218: b6050513 addi a0,a0,-1184 # 21b60 <__clzsi2+0xa0>
1021c: 728000ef jal ra,10944 <puts>
10220: f69ff06f j 10188 <main+0xc4>
000102e4 <swap>:
102e4: 0005a703 lw a4,0(a1)
102e8: 00052783 lw a5,0(a0)
102ec: 00e52023 sw a4,0(a0)
102f0: 00f5a023 sw a5,0(a1)
102f4: 00008067 ret
000102f8 <heapify>:
102f8: 00259793 slli a5,a1,0x2
102fc: 00159593 slli a1,a1,0x1
10300: 00f507b3 add a5,a0,a5
10304: 00158713 addi a4,a1,1
10308: 0007ae03 lw t3,0(a5)
1030c: fff60e93 addi t4,a2,-1
10310: 00c74a63 blt a4,a2,10324 <heapify+0x2c>
10314: 0780006f j 1038c <heapify+0x94>
10318: 00130713 addi a4,t1,1 # 102d9 <frame_dummy+0x15>
1031c: 00d7a023 sw a3,0(a5)
10320: 06c75663 bge a4,a2,1038c <heapify+0x94>
10324: 00271793 slli a5,a4,0x2
10328: 00f507b3 add a5,a0,a5
1032c: 0007a683 lw a3,0(a5)
10330: 01d75a63 bge a4,t4,10344 <heapify+0x4c>
10334: 0047a783 lw a5,4(a5)
10338: 00f6d663 bge a3,a5,10344 <heapify+0x4c>
1033c: 00170713 addi a4,a4,1
10340: 00078693 mv a3,a5
10344: 01f75593 srli a1,a4,0x1f
10348: 00e587b3 add a5,a1,a4
1034c: 00177813 andi a6,a4,1
10350: 00183893 seqz a7,a6
10354: 4017d793 srai a5,a5,0x1
10358: 411787b3 sub a5,a5,a7
1035c: 00279793 slli a5,a5,0x2
10360: 00171313 slli t1,a4,0x1
10364: 00f507b3 add a5,a0,a5
10368: fade48e3 blt t3,a3,10318 <heapify+0x20>
1036c: 00e585b3 add a1,a1,a4
10370: 4015d593 srai a1,a1,0x1
10374: 00183813 seqz a6,a6
10378: 410585b3 sub a1,a1,a6
1037c: 00259593 slli a1,a1,0x2
10380: 00b50533 add a0,a0,a1
10384: 01c52023 sw t3,0(a0)
10388: 00008067 ret
1038c: 01f75593 srli a1,a4,0x1f
10390: 00177813 andi a6,a4,1
10394: 00e585b3 add a1,a1,a4
10398: 4015d593 srai a1,a1,0x1
1039c: 00183813 seqz a6,a6
103a0: 410585b3 sub a1,a1,a6
103a4: 00259593 slli a1,a1,0x2
103a8: 00b50533 add a0,a0,a1
103ac: 01c52023 sw t3,0(a0)
103b0: 00008067 ret
000103b4 <heapSort>:
103b4: fe010113 addi sp,sp,-32
103b8: 01212823 sw s2,16(sp)
103bc: 01f5d913 srli s2,a1,0x1f
103c0: 00b90933 add s2,s2,a1
103c4: 40195913 srai s2,s2,0x1
103c8: 00812c23 sw s0,24(sp)
103cc: 00912a23 sw s1,20(sp)
103d0: 01312623 sw s3,12(sp)
103d4: 00112e23 sw ra,28(sp)
103d8: fff90913 addi s2,s2,-1
103dc: 00058493 mv s1,a1
103e0: 00050413 mv s0,a0
103e4: fff00993 li s3,-1
103e8: 00094e63 bltz s2,10404 <heapSort+0x50>
103ec: 00090593 mv a1,s2
103f0: 00048613 mv a2,s1
103f4: fff90913 addi s2,s2,-1
103f8: 00040513 mv a0,s0
103fc: efdff0ef jal ra,102f8 <heapify>
10400: ff3916e3 bne s2,s3,103ec <heapSort+0x38>
10404: fff48813 addi a6,s1,-1
10408: 0c084e63 bltz a6,104e4 <heapSort+0x130>
1040c: 00100793 li a5,1
10410: 0b07d463 bge a5,a6,104b8 <heapSort+0x104>
10414: 00249e13 slli t3,s1,0x2
10418: 00080313 mv t1,a6
1041c: 01c40e33 add t3,s0,t3
10420: 00100e93 li t4,1
10424: ffce2703 lw a4,-4(t3)
10428: 00042783 lw a5,0(s0)
1042c: fff80813 addi a6,a6,-1
10430: 00e42023 sw a4,0(s0)
10434: fefe2e23 sw a5,-4(t3)
10438: 00042883 lw a7,0(s0)
1043c: 00100713 li a4,1
10440: 00c0006f j 1044c <heapSort+0x98>
10444: 00d7a023 sw a3,0(a5)
10448: 0a675c63 bge a4,t1,10500 <heapSort+0x14c>
1044c: 00271793 slli a5,a4,0x2
10450: 00f407b3 add a5,s0,a5
10454: 0007a683 lw a3,0(a5)
10458: 01075a63 bge a4,a6,1046c <heapSort+0xb8>
1045c: 0047a783 lw a5,4(a5)
10460: 00f6d663 bge a3,a5,1046c <heapSort+0xb8>
10464: 00170713 addi a4,a4,1
10468: 00078693 mv a3,a5
1046c: 00177613 andi a2,a4,1
10470: 40175793 srai a5,a4,0x1
10474: 00171513 slli a0,a4,0x1
10478: 00163593 seqz a1,a2
1047c: 00150713 addi a4,a0,1
10480: 00078513 mv a0,a5
10484: 40b787b3 sub a5,a5,a1
10488: 00279793 slli a5,a5,0x2
1048c: 00f407b3 add a5,s0,a5
10490: fad8cae3 blt a7,a3,10444 <heapSort+0x90>
10494: 02061a63 bnez a2,104c8 <heapSort+0x114>
10498: fff50793 addi a5,a0,-1
1049c: 00279793 slli a5,a5,0x2
104a0: 00f407b3 add a5,s0,a5
104a4: 0117a023 sw a7,0(a5)
104a8: fff30313 addi t1,t1,-1
104ac: ffce0e13 addi t3,t3,-4
104b0: f70ecae3 blt t4,a6,10424 <heapSort+0x70>
104b4: 02084863 bltz a6,104e4 <heapSort+0x130>
104b8: 00281793 slli a5,a6,0x2
104bc: 00f407b3 add a5,s0,a5
104c0: 00100613 li a2,1
104c4: 04c0006f j 10510 <heapSort+0x15c>
104c8: 00251513 slli a0,a0,0x2
104cc: 00a40533 add a0,s0,a0
104d0: 01152023 sw a7,0(a0)
104d4: fff30313 addi t1,t1,-1
104d8: ffce0e13 addi t3,t3,-4
104dc: f50ec4e3 blt t4,a6,10424 <heapSort+0x70>
104e0: fc085ce3 bgez a6,104b8 <heapSort+0x104>
104e4: 01c12083 lw ra,28(sp)
104e8: 01812403 lw s0,24(sp)
104ec: 01412483 lw s1,20(sp)
104f0: 01012903 lw s2,16(sp)
104f4: 00c12983 lw s3,12(sp)
104f8: 02010113 addi sp,sp,32
104fc: 00008067 ret
10500: 00177613 andi a2,a4,1
10504: 40175513 srai a0,a4,0x1
10508: f8dff06f j 10494 <heapSort+0xe0>
1050c: 00000813 li a6,0
10510: 0007a683 lw a3,0(a5)
10514: 00042703 lw a4,0(s0)
10518: ffc78793 addi a5,a5,-4
1051c: 00d42023 sw a3,0(s0)
10520: 00e7a223 sw a4,4(a5)
10524: fec804e3 beq a6,a2,1050c <heapSort+0x158>
10528: fbdff06f j 104e4 <heapSort+0x130>
0001052c <containsDuplicate>:
1052c: ff010113 addi sp,sp,-16
10530: 00812423 sw s0,8(sp)
10534: 00912223 sw s1,4(sp)
10538: 00112623 sw ra,12(sp)
1053c: 00058493 mv s1,a1
10540: 00050413 mv s0,a0
10544: e71ff0ef jal ra,103b4 <heapSort>
10548: 00100793 li a5,1
1054c: 0497d463 bge a5,s1,10594 <containsDuplicate+0x68>
10550: 00042783 lw a5,0(s0)
10554: fff48613 addi a2,s1,-1
10558: 00440513 addi a0,s0,4
1055c: 00000713 li a4,0
10560: 0080006f j 10568 <containsDuplicate+0x3c>
10564: 02c70863 beq a4,a2,10594 <containsDuplicate+0x68>
10568: 00078693 mv a3,a5
1056c: 00052783 lw a5,0(a0)
10570: 00170713 addi a4,a4,1
10574: 00450513 addi a0,a0,4
10578: fed796e3 bne a5,a3,10564 <containsDuplicate+0x38>
1057c: 00c12083 lw ra,12(sp)
10580: 00812403 lw s0,8(sp)
10584: 00412483 lw s1,4(sp)
10588: 00100513 li a0,1
1058c: 01010113 addi sp,sp,16
10590: 00008067 ret
10594: 00c12083 lw ra,12(sp)
10598: 00812403 lw s0,8(sp)
1059c: 00412483 lw s1,4(sp)
105a0: 00000513 li a0,0
105a4: 01010113 addi sp,sp,16
105a8: 00008067 ret
```
#### Size of Assembly code:
#### Obsevation:
- Register Used: 12
- sx register: s0 s1 s2 s3
- tx register: None
- ax register: a0 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7
- other: None
- Stack used(bytes): 96
### -Os Optimized Assembly Code
#### Terminal command
```shell
riscv-none-elf-gcc -march=rv32i -mabi=ilp32 -Os -o ContainDuplicate_1 tests/ContainDuplicate_s.c
```
```clike=
000100c4 <main>:
100c4: fa010113 addi sp,sp,-96
100c8: 04812c23 sw s0,88(sp)
100cc: 00022437 lui s0,0x22
100d0: a0840593 addi a1,s0,-1528 # 21a08 <__clzsi2+0xc4>
100d4: 01800613 li a2,24
100d8: 00810513 addi a0,sp,8
100dc: 04112e23 sw ra,92(sp)
100e0: 454000ef jal ra,10534 <memcpy>
100e4: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
100e8: 9d050513 addi a0,a0,-1584 # 219d0 <__clzsi2+0x8c>
100ec: 708000ef jal ra,107f4 <printf>
100f0: 00600593 li a1,6
100f4: 00810513 addi a0,sp,8
100f8: 2d4000ef jal ra,103cc <containsDuplicate>
100fc: 0a051063 bnez a0,1019c <main+0xd8>
10100: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
10104: 9dc50513 addi a0,a0,-1572 # 219dc <__clzsi2+0x98>
10108: 065000ef jal ra,1096c <puts>
1010c: a0840593 addi a1,s0,-1528
10110: 01858593 addi a1,a1,24
10114: 01800613 li a2,24
10118: 02010513 addi a0,sp,32
1011c: 418000ef jal ra,10534 <memcpy>
10120: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
10124: 9f050513 addi a0,a0,-1552 # 219f0 <__clzsi2+0xac>
10128: 6cc000ef jal ra,107f4 <printf>
1012c: 00600593 li a1,6
10130: 02010513 addi a0,sp,32
10134: 298000ef jal ra,103cc <containsDuplicate>
10138: 06050863 beqz a0,101a8 <main+0xe4>
1013c: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
10140: 9dc50513 addi a0,a0,-1572 # 219dc <__clzsi2+0x98>
10144: 029000ef jal ra,1096c <puts>
10148: 000225b7 lui a1,0x22
1014c: a0858593 addi a1,a1,-1528 # 21a08 <__clzsi2+0xc4>
10150: 03058593 addi a1,a1,48
10154: 01800613 li a2,24
10158: 03810513 addi a0,sp,56
1015c: 3d8000ef jal ra,10534 <memcpy>
10160: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
10164: 9fc50513 addi a0,a0,-1540 # 219fc <__clzsi2+0xb8>
10168: 68c000ef jal ra,107f4 <printf>
1016c: 00600593 li a1,6
10170: 03810513 addi a0,sp,56
10174: 258000ef jal ra,103cc <containsDuplicate>
10178: 02050e63 beqz a0,101b4 <main+0xf0>
1017c: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
10180: 9dc50513 addi a0,a0,-1572 # 219dc <__clzsi2+0x98>
10184: 7e8000ef jal ra,1096c <puts>
10188: 05c12083 lw ra,92(sp)
1018c: 05812403 lw s0,88(sp)
10190: 00000513 li a0,0
10194: 06010113 addi sp,sp,96
10198: 00008067 ret
1019c: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
101a0: 9e850513 addi a0,a0,-1560 # 219e8 <__clzsi2+0xa4>
101a4: f65ff06f j 10108 <main+0x44>
101a8: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
101ac: 9e850513 addi a0,a0,-1560 # 219e8 <__clzsi2+0xa4>
101b0: f95ff06f j 10144 <main+0x80>
101b4: 00022537 lui a0,0x22
101b8: 9e850513 addi a0,a0,-1560 # 219e8 <__clzsi2+0xa4>
101bc: fc9ff06f j 10184 <main+0xc0>
00010280 <swap>:
10280: 0005a703 lw a4,0(a1)
10284: 00052783 lw a5,0(a0)
10288: 00e52023 sw a4,0(a0)
1028c: 00f5a023 sw a5,0(a1)
10290: 00008067 ret
00010294 <heapify>:
10294: 00259793 slli a5,a1,0x2
10298: 00f507b3 add a5,a0,a5
1029c: 0007a703 lw a4,0(a5)
102a0: 00159593 slli a1,a1,0x1
102a4: 00158593 addi a1,a1,1
102a8: fff60813 addi a6,a2,-1
102ac: 02c5c663 blt a1,a2,102d8 <heapify+0x44>
102b0: 01f5d793 srli a5,a1,0x1f
102b4: 00b787b3 add a5,a5,a1
102b8: 0015f593 andi a1,a1,1
102bc: 4017d793 srai a5,a5,0x1
102c0: 00059463 bnez a1,102c8 <heapify+0x34>
102c4: fff78793 addi a5,a5,-1
102c8: 00279793 slli a5,a5,0x2
102cc: 00f50533 add a0,a0,a5
102d0: 00e52023 sw a4,0(a0)
102d4: 00008067 ret
102d8: 00259793 slli a5,a1,0x2
102dc: 00f507b3 add a5,a0,a5
102e0: 0007a683 lw a3,0(a5)
102e4: 0105d863 bge a1,a6,102f4 <heapify+0x60>
102e8: 0047a783 lw a5,4(a5)
102ec: 00f6d463 bge a3,a5,102f4 <heapify+0x60>
102f0: 00158593 addi a1,a1,1
102f4: 00259793 slli a5,a1,0x2
102f8: 00f507b3 add a5,a0,a5
102fc: 0007a683 lw a3,0(a5)
10300: 01f5d793 srli a5,a1,0x1f
10304: 00b787b3 add a5,a5,a1
10308: 4017d793 srai a5,a5,0x1
1030c: 0015f893 andi a7,a1,1
10310: fad750e3 bge a4,a3,102b0 <heapify+0x1c>
10314: 00089463 bnez a7,1031c <heapify+0x88>
10318: fff78793 addi a5,a5,-1
1031c: 00279793 slli a5,a5,0x2
10320: 00f507b3 add a5,a0,a5
10324: 00159593 slli a1,a1,0x1
10328: 00d7a023 sw a3,0(a5)
1032c: 00158593 addi a1,a1,1
10330: f7dff06f j 102ac <heapify+0x18>
00010334 <heapSort>:
10334: ff010113 addi sp,sp,-16
10338: 00912223 sw s1,4(sp)
1033c: 01f5d493 srli s1,a1,0x1f
10340: 00b484b3 add s1,s1,a1
10344: 00812423 sw s0,8(sp)
10348: 01212023 sw s2,0(sp)
1034c: 00112623 sw ra,12(sp)
10350: 00050913 mv s2,a0
10354: 00058413 mv s0,a1
10358: 4014d493 srai s1,s1,0x1
1035c: fff48493 addi s1,s1,-1
10360: 0204d863 bgez s1,10390 <heapSort+0x5c>
10364: fff40493 addi s1,s0,-1
10368: 00241413 slli s0,s0,0x2
1036c: 00890433 add s0,s2,s0
10370: ffc40413 addi s0,s0,-4
10374: 0204d863 bgez s1,103a4 <heapSort+0x70>
10378: 00c12083 lw ra,12(sp)
1037c: 00812403 lw s0,8(sp)
10380: 00412483 lw s1,4(sp)
10384: 00012903 lw s2,0(sp)
10388: 01010113 addi sp,sp,16
1038c: 00008067 ret
10390: 00040613 mv a2,s0
10394: 00048593 mv a1,s1
10398: 00090513 mv a0,s2
1039c: ef9ff0ef jal ra,10294 <heapify>
103a0: fbdff06f j 1035c <heapSort+0x28>
103a4: 00042703 lw a4,0(s0)
103a8: 00092783 lw a5,0(s2)
103ac: 00048613 mv a2,s1
103b0: 00e92023 sw a4,0(s2)
103b4: 00f42023 sw a5,0(s0)
103b8: 00000593 li a1,0
103bc: 00090513 mv a0,s2
103c0: ed5ff0ef jal ra,10294 <heapify>
103c4: fff48493 addi s1,s1,-1
103c8: fa9ff06f j 10370 <heapSort+0x3c>
000103cc <containsDuplicate>:
103cc: ff010113 addi sp,sp,-16
103d0: 00812423 sw s0,8(sp)
103d4: 00912223 sw s1,4(sp)
103d8: 00050413 mv s0,a0
103dc: 00058493 mv s1,a1
103e0: 00112623 sw ra,12(sp)
103e4: f51ff0ef jal ra,10334 <heapSort>
103e8: 00040513 mv a0,s0
103ec: 00000793 li a5,0
103f0: fff48493 addi s1,s1,-1
103f4: 0097ce63 blt a5,s1,10410 <containsDuplicate+0x44>
103f8: 00000513 li a0,0
103fc: 00c12083 lw ra,12(sp)
10400: 00812403 lw s0,8(sp)
10404: 00412483 lw s1,4(sp)
10408: 01010113 addi sp,sp,16
1040c: 00008067 ret
10410: 00052683 lw a3,0(a0)
10414: 00450513 addi a0,a0,4
10418: 00052703 lw a4,0(a0)
1041c: 00e68663 beq a3,a4,10428 <containsDuplicate+0x5c>
10420: 00178793 addi a5,a5,1
10424: fd1ff06f j 103f4 <containsDuplicate+0x28>
10428: 00100513 li a0,1
1042c: fd1ff06f j 103fc <containsDuplicate+0x30>
```
#### Size of Assembly code:
#### Obsevation:
- Register Used: 9
- sx register: s0 s1 s2
- tx register: None
- ax register: a0 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5
- other: sp ra
- Stack used(bytes): 96
## Results of rv32emu
| Subject | Original | -O0 | -O1 | -O3 | -Os |
|:----------------:|:--------:|:-----:|:-----:|:-----:| ----- |
| Size(Text) | None | 76204 | 75792 | 75996 | 75616 |
| Used Registers | 16 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 9 |
| CSR cycle count | None | 6482 |4862 | 4714 | 4984 |
### Conclusion:
* From `Original`: Number of used register is higher (about 1.5 times).
* From `O0` to `O1`: Significantly decreased code size and cycle count.
* From `O1` to `O3`: More ambitious on stack and register scheduling. Slightly decreased cycle count.
* `Os`Comparing with `O1` and `O3`: the assembly code has smaller size, fewer register was used. But required more cycle to finish.
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