# 作文情境

## 開頭

**sb once/often said, "..."** 可以自己編(ex.我爺爺曾說)

**[as/with] the [technology/social media] [thirved/developed] rapidly** 萬用開頭

**given pictures of two ... , I discovered several [distinctions / facts / features].** 敘述照片差別

## 結尾

**Through this experience, I finally grasped the truth behind the saying : "名言," making me more aware of my behaviors.** 引用名言(要加引號)

* **what goes around comes around**
* **Life is either a daring adventure or nothing** ------ Helen Keller
* **if at first you don't succeed, try, try again**

**she privately vowed to herself (not) to (think twice before) [commit such an error/exhibit such a behavior/preventing ... from happening again] ever again** 反省結尾

**provided we adopt this means,we could take advantage of ... without causing ...** 重述論點

**Therefore, we can't overemphasize the importance of ...** 反思/感想結尾1

**Despite the fact that it is a dreadful experience, it is still thought-provoking.** 反思/感想結尾2

**Dreadful as the experience was, I learned the lesson -- 句** 反思/感想結尾3

**I realized that it is not about ... . In fact, it is all about ... .** 正向感悟結尾

**I usually opt for ... for the consideration of ...** 選擇的原因

**respondsibilities shouldn't fall on a certain member but the whole community.** 責任分配

**... requires every member's active involvement. By taking responsibilities, we can ...** 呼籲行動

## 通用寫法

**event(重大的) / incident(不好的) / occurrence / happening** 事件

**together / jointly / in collaboration** 一起/共同/合作

**be worth emphasizing** 值得強調

**use / adoption / utilization** 使用/採用/利用

**prominent among these is N** 點出主題

**indicating his wealthy background** 接在描述特徵之後

**[conquer/overcome] this [difficulty/obstacle/challenge/hardship]** 克服困難

**[fulfill/achieve/attain] a [goal/objective]** 達成目標

**For [instance / example]** 舉例

**N + is a [practical/feasible] [idea/means/measure/approach]** 提出論點,辦法

**I am no exception** 我也不例外

**there is no denying that** 不可否認的是...

**From my perspective / As far as I am concerned** 以我而言(的想法)

**take me as an example** 以我舉例

**Such examples are countless and beyond description.** 不勝枚舉

**it is due to ...** 原因

**be faced/confronted with** 面對,面臨

## 圖表說明

**graph/chart/table** 圖表
**participants amounting to 30%** 30%的受試者
**take the bus to work** 搭公車上班
**go to school by bus** 搭公車上學
**Students commuting by train and by bus each amount to 30% in the graph.** 相同時用each
**Students commuting by train and by bus account for 40% and 30%, respectively, in the graph.** 不同時可用respectively
**opt for** 選擇
**67% of students eat out for dinner, which is twice the percentage of adults** 比例
**N account for 60% of the total, which are five times the percentage of those ...** 描述組成(如果N是單數,改are->is , those->that)
**are the most numerous , amounting to ...** 是最多的
**Half of the people** 一半的人(加複數V,看of後的名詞)
**gain in popularity** 更受歡迎
**illustrate / demonstrate / display** 顯示
**types of transportation** 交通工具類別
**news categories** 新聞類別
**frequently adopted by ...** 常被採用的
**It reveals that ...(高的). On the other hand, ...(低的)** 分別描述
**some of the most common places where students go to study.** 學生常去讀書的地方
**receive least attetion** 收到最少關注
**contribute to its relatively low popularity** 較低人氣
**Regarding A... As for B...** 避免first和second重複使用(也可依句意用on the other hand或in contrast)
**in terms of** 就...方面來說
**their [time-consuming nature / costly nature] lead to this result as well.** 耗時耗錢的特性
**limited accessibility** 可訪問性
**Students may live far from train stations, making it inconvenient and time-consuming compared to other alternatives.** 住太遠
**a low utilization rate** 低使用率
**First... Second...** 照順序敘述
**On the one hand... On the other hand...** 高低對比
**For one thing... For another...** 敘述兩個原因
**double-edged** 雙面刃的
**The number of students who go to school by bus is three times the number of those who go by train.** 總之就是在as(原級),more(比較級),the size(名詞)前面加上times,其他照原句
**eat out** 吃外食
**cook at home** 在家煮
**Since I attend a cram school after class, eating out allows me to save a significant amount of time.** 補習班
**It offers a variety of culinary options, some of which I wouldn't have at home.** 優點
**The costly and unhealthy nature of dining out in the long run may strain one's budget and wreak havoc on one's body.** 缺點
**Since they both have their pros and cons, it is important for us to strike a balance between these two dining habits.** 結尾

## 學生活動/國際視野

**the learning process** 學習過程
**the student council** 學生議會
**student affairs/rights** 學生事務/權利
**a learning environment** 學習環境
**enhance communication between students and teachers** 師生溝通
**organize regular feedback sessions** 回饋環節
**voice their concerns and suggestions** 提出擔心,建議
**establishing an anonymous online reporting system** 線上匿名回報系統
**the incidence of bullying** 霸凌發生率
**halt the trend** 停止趨勢
**international issues** 國際議題
**expand my perspective** 拓展視野
**deepen my understanding** 加深理解
**broaden my horizons** 拓展視野
**as a citizen of the global village** 作為地球村公民
**it is our obligations to ...** 責任
**diverse perspectives** 多樣的觀點
**stay updated on** 保持更新
**connect with the world** 跟世界連結
**go to study / go studying** 去讀書
**have a discussion** 討論
**relish** 樂趣
**without noises and disturbances** 沒有噪音和干擾
**render me fully concentrating** 使我專注
**diminishing the likelihood** 減少機率
**being distracted from studies** 被分心
**enhance the efficiency** 增加效率
**academic pressure** 課業壓力
**on campus** 在校區中
**school security** 校園安全
**people are becoming more conscious of school security** 更意識到
**Taiwanese students spend over one-third of their time on campus.** 在校時間長
**There are two major aspects that we should prioritize.** 優先考慮
**the issue of equipment maintenance** 設備維護
**Given that Taiwan is prone to natural disasters** 易受影響
**higher likelihood of equipment damage** 設備損壞
**The equipment should be inspected regularly and promptly repaired once malfunctions are detected.** 定期修檢
**public safety incidents** 公共危險事件
**immense security loophole** 巨大安全漏洞
**worn-out wires** 損壞的電線
**cause a fire** 引發火災
**leading to injuries and even deaths** 遭成傷亡
**human-induced factors** 人為因素
**trespass on** 闖入
**randomly attack** 隨機攻擊
**bullying problems** 霸凌問題
**faculty** 全體教師
**report to the authorities** 回報當局
**safety drills** 安全演習
**how to respond in case of emergency** 如何反應
**be compulsory for all students** 義務的
**deter trespassers from breaking in** 阻止進入
**surveillance cameras** 監視器
**conducting an anti-bullying campaign during a morning assembly is a common and effective approach** 反霸凌宣導活動
**stand up against bullies** 起身反抗
**[support / take care of] their peers** 支持同學
**robbery or kidnapping** 搶劫和綁架
**illegal activities** 非法活動
**at break time** 下課時
**lean on the railing** 靠在欄杆上
**collapse** 倒塌
**sparked intense discussions** 引起劇烈討論

## 省水對策

**alleviating water shortages** 減輕缺水問題
**a combination of** ...的結合
**short-term solutions** 短期解法
**long-term strategies** 長期策略
**civil society organization** 民間團體
**On a personal level** 個人方面
**effective approches** 有效方法
**fixing leaks** 修漏水
**using water-efficient appliances** 省水電器
**showerheads** 蓮蓬頭
**recycle waste water** 回收廢水
**bathwater** 洗澡水
**serve it as flushing water** 用來沖馬桶
**sustainable practice** 永續做法

## 旅遊景點

**food stand** 食物攤販
**place the order** 點餐
**souvenir shop** 紀念品店
**Kaohsiung harbor** 高雄港
**catch a glimpse of** 一賭
**lush** 翠綠的
**immerse oneself in + N** 沉浸在
**picturesque** 如畫的
**take my breath away** 美的喘不過氣
**render me speechless** (美麗,行為等)使我無語
**Some are taking photos with this lovely creation, while others are purchasing souvenirs to commemorate this wonderful journey** 遊客行為
**have a picnic** 野餐
**roam around the park** 公園漫步
**form the delightful atmosphere** 形成歡樂氛圍
**the sheer joy radiating from the crowds** 散發喜悅
**generate substantial economic benefits** 產生經濟利益
**become the symbol of community identity and pride** 成為城市象徵
**add a unique charm to the cityscape** 美化城市景觀
**shape a artistic image for the city** 塑造藝術城市形象
**with appropriate organization** 有著適當規劃
**Due to the prolonged and extensive impacts attributed to the pandemic** 疫情的深遠影響
**travel abroad** 出國旅遊
**domestic tourist [destinations / spots]** 國旅景點
**(tourist) attractions** (旅遊)景點
**economical** 省錢的
**economic/financial considerations** 經濟考量
**be popular with locals** 受到當地人喜愛
**throngs of visitors flocked to the flower patch to admire the colorful blooms** 湧入花圃
**wasted no time in snapping photos of those gorgeous flowers** 立刻開始拍照
**showed them off on social media** 炫耀
**flowers (which are) in full bloom** 盛開的花
**bloom/blossom** 開花[V],花[NC]
**at this rate** 這樣下去
**the sign warning against stepping on the flowers** 警告不要踩花
**pick flowers** 採花
**a series of promotion policies introduced by the government** 政府推出的一系列政策
**domestic tourism has gained in popularity** 日益熱門
**can’t help but + VR** 忍不住
**have no alternative but to VR** 別無選擇
**all sorts of** 各式各樣的
**watch over** 看守,照顧
**come in handy** 派上用場
**short-handed** 人手不足的
**Short on staff** 缺人
**charge a deposit** 收訂金
**pay a deposit** 付訂金
**visitors for fear of financial consequences** 經濟後果
**immediate and visible nature of money makes the consequences feel more real and impactful.** 更顯著的效果
**making it more likely for visitors to abide by the rules** 遵守規定

## 文藝展覽

**upper class** 上流階級
**middle class** 中層階級
**His gorgeous garment indicates his wealthy background.** 他老有錢了
**[appreciate / take delight in] art** 欣賞,享受藝術
**highlighting the modern trend of fast-paced lifestyle.** 現代快步調生活(造成藝術被忽略)
**relevant exhibition** 相關展覽
**its origin and history** 歷史起源
**artistic creation** 藝術作品
**exploring [its relish / the pleasure in it]** 探索其中的樂趣

## 購物商場

**with the assistance of the employee** 借員工的幫助
**scold/blame sb for [N./Ving]** 罵/責備
**be blamed/scolded for [N./Ving]** 被責備
**shout/yell/scream (at sb) for help** 大叫(吸引注意/憤怒/害怕)
**as a token of appreciation for ...** 作為感謝的象徵
**unconditional love** 無條件的愛
**As the door opened, throngs of people flocked to purchase the items on sale** 開門湧入
**was overflowing with people** 擠滿了人
**flocked to + V/N** 蜂擁
**flow into** 湧入
**In a matter of seconds** 數秒之內
**crowds thronged the store** 商店擠滿了人
**bring/take to** 帶去
**upon arrival** 一抵達
**sales promotion** 促銷
**for fear of getting separated** 生怕走散
**clothing section** 服飾區
**toy section** 玩具區
**snack section** 零食區
**captivated by the gorgeous garments** 被華麗衣服吸引
**be obsessed with the gorgeous clothes** 被華麗衣服吸引
**as the crowd grew gradually** 隨著人潮增多
**catch up with** 趕上
**shouted in panic** 恐慌大叫
**her worry peaked** 擔心達到高峰
**the broadcast announcing that a lost children had been found and taken to the information center.** 廣播
**She frantically searches around, in desperate hope of being reunited with her daughter.** 找小孩
**run into** 偶然遇到
**breathe a sigh of relief** 放下心來
**a man approached her-it was her husband!** 句-句(後句說明前句)
**bottom** 屁股
**intentional sexual harrassment** 意圖性騷
**struggling to find the direction** 試圖找到方向
**by accident** 意外
**claim to witness the entire incident** 自稱證人
**prove my innocence by narrating the complete and detailed course of the event** 藉由敘述完整的事件經過證明了我的清白

## 志工活動

**social welfare** 社會福利
**initiative** 新提案
**volunteering [campaigns / activities]** 志工活動
**learn the idea of appreciation** 學會感激
**have a grateful heart** 感恩的心
**treasure and appreciate the living conditions I have** 珍惜生活環境
**plan/arrange/design** 計畫/安排/設計
**bridging the (educational/digital) devide between urban and rural areas.** 減少城鄉差距
**make contributions to** 做出貢獻
**inescapable issues** 不可忽視的議題
**volunteer group** 志工團體
**extracurricular activities** 課外活動
**conduct workshops on science.** 舉辦科學講座
**collaborate with local schools** 與在地學校合作
**distributing electronic devices** 分發電子裝置
**digital learning** 數位學習
**to carry out the plan** 為了實現計畫
**launching fundraising and donation campaigns on social media.** 舉辦募款、捐贈活動
**self-improvement** 自我提升

## 全球暖化/自然災害

**eco-friendly** 環保的
**promotes environmental sustainability** 環境永續能力
**not until the situation got out of control did a search party come to my rescue** 好用倒裝句
**strike a balance between [preserving cultural traditions and embracing modernization/environmental conservation and economic development]** 環境保護/經濟發展
**earthquake/typhoon strike** 侵襲
**suffer a severe flood/drought** 遭受
**harmonious community** 和諧的社區
**convert to** 轉變成
**hell on earth** 人間地獄
**This could be due to global warming. Because of climate change, extreme weather events have...** 全球暖化
**water/solar power** 水力/太陽能
**renewable energy** 可再生能源
**alternative energy** 替代能源
**The frequency of extreme weather events increased significantly.** 極端氣候增加
**[remind people of / raise awareness of] the importance of environmental protection.** 提醒,喚醒
**heatwavws** 熱浪
**typhoons** 颱風
**blizzard** 暴雪
**a storm blows away my windows.** 吹飛窗戶
**escape** 避難
**the water infrastructure** 水利建設
**The lack of water has made it difficult for local residents to meet their daily water needs/demand.** 缺水
**greenhouse gas** 溫室氣體
**emission** 排放
**adopt sustainable transportation** 採用永續交通
**using public transportation** 大眾運輸工具
**energy-efficient appliances** 省電家電
**adopt LED bulbs to replace tranditional ones** 替換燈泡
**is an eco-friendly alternative to N** 環保替代品
**replace A with B** 用B代替A
**substitute A for B** 用B代替A
**a substitute for N** ...的替代品
**lower electricity costs** 省電費
**reduce the carbon footprint** 減少碳足跡
**minimizing reliance on cars or other fuel-powered transportation** 減少依賴
**make a contribution to alleviating global warming** 減緩全球暖化

## 交通事故/規定

**commute to [work / school]** 通勤上班(V./N.)
**means/form of transportation** 交通工具
**way to commute** 通勤方法
**frantic as the driver was, he still managed to call an ambulance.** 叫救護車
**passerby / passersby** 路人(複數)
**the collision is sudden and brutal** 車禍
**be thrown to the ground** 被拋飛
**paramedics arrive** 救護人員抵達
**Two cars collided head-on** 兩台車正面撞上
**He was hit head-on by a car** 他被撞上
**a hit and run** 肇事逃逸事件
**irresponsible** 不負責任的
**fly into a rage** 暴怒
**in a fit of anger** 怒氣中
**fall victim to** 成為...的受害者
**be unaware of** 沒注意到
**to the extent that** 到...的程度
**honk the horn** 按喇叭
**urgent warmings of the car horn** 喇叭警告
**get off the car** 下車
**give sb a steer about ...** 給忠告
**not even thinking of yielding my seat** 完全不考慮讓座
**tumble to the ground** 跌在地上
**my knees give out** 膝蓋出毛病
**a crisp crack sounded the air** 清脆的裂聲響徹空氣
**sent to hospital** 送醫
**claim compensation** 要求賠償
**I could finally walk again after three months of recovery** 復原
**cheack the security camara, and found the video that capture the course of the whole incident** 調監視器
**call the police** 報警
**concrete proof** 證據
**vital clues** 重要線索
**arrest the criminal** 逮捕罪犯
**he said that without my assitance, the incident would not have ended so perfectly** 間接引述,以現在為基準的時態描述
**go for a walk** 散步
**After taking only a few steps, he came across an old man lying on the ground** 沒走幾步
**roamed around the streets** 街上閒晃
**On my way home** 在回家的路上
**lie/lying on the ground** 躺在地上
**Walking is a great way to stay active** 保持活躍
**serve as a form of regular exercise** 規律運動
**build muscle strength** 增強肌肉
**promote overall fitness** 促進健康
**refresh myself** 振作精神
**reduce stress, anxiety, and improve mood** 走路好處
**mentally prepare for a new day** 為新的一天做好心理準備
**Walking to school allows me to relish the scenery along the way and socialize with neighbors.** 舉例
**on the way** 在路途中(時間點)
**along the way** 沿路上(時段)
**traffic rules [minimize / decrease] the incidence of collisions and other road accidents.** 交通規定
**pedestrian crossings** 斑馬線
**speed limits** 速限
**As the car approached quickly and the driver honked the horn, I failed to notice.** 沒注意到
**I stayed up late to study, in the eager hope of getting a high score on tomorrow's exam.** 熬夜讀書
**Not until ten minutes before [the exam / school] did I wake up.** 睡過頭
**swiftly [put on / wear] my clothes** 快速穿衣服
**rush out into the streets** 衝出門上街
**be unaware of the traffic light (whinh is) turning to red** 沒注意到變紅燈
**cross the [road/pedestrian crossing]** 過馬路
**being worried about being late** 擔心遲到
**I was flunked [for not attending / due to my absence from] the final exam.** 被當
**Traffic rules teach road users how to interact safely on the road by regulating the use of road features such as pedestrian crossings and setting speed limits.** 功用

## 大膽冒險

**symbolizing efforts and perseverance** 努力和堅持
**misguided efforts** 錯誤方向的努力
**distractions** 讓人分心的事
**Resisting the temptations of digital entertainment** 抵抗誘惑
**strive [for + N / to + V]** 為了...努力/努力去
**the imbalance between A and B** 不平衡[U]
**technological convenience** 科技便利
**intellectual growth** 智慧發展
**it provokes deeper reflection on the role of technology in shaping modern education and society** 引起深刻反思
**monotonous/tedious** 單調乏味的
**predictable** 可預測的
**routines** 日常輪迴
**dynamic** 活潑的,變動的
**fulfilling** 充實的
**Not until I underwent a transformative experience did I ...** 經歷一個轉變性的經驗
**an advertisement catch my attention** 吸引住意
**gain insights into** 一窺
**her courageous philosophy of life** 勇敢的人生哲學
**while I was scrolling through my phone** 滑手機
**on my wayy home from school** 放學路上
**stumble upon an advertisement for N** 偶然看見一個...的廣告
**recruiting new mwmbers** 招募成員
**spring into action [when / as soon as] ...** 立刻行動
**I have always desired to give it a try** 一直想試一試
**[prevent / block] me from putting my thoughts into practice.** 有阻撓/預防兩義
**my timid personality and fear of stepping out of my comfort zone** 踏出舒適圈
**hold my back** 阻撓了我
**dial the number on the screen** 撥號
**thinking of his words** 想起他的話
**serve as a powerful incentive** 作為強力激勵
**gather my courage** 拾起勇氣
**make up my mind** 下定決心
**This marked the beginning of my thrilling adventure** 標記了開端
**It [turned out to be / ended up being] one of the best decisions I have ever made** 最好的選擇
**hone my skills** 鍛鍊技巧
**drill on my skills** 訓練技巧
**make lifelong friends** 終身好友
**Life is actully about taking risks and stepping into the unknown** 人生是關於...
**blend into** 融入(使不顯眼)
**mingle with other members** 混的很好(交到朋友)

## 手機成癮

**surf the Internet** 上網(不特指玩遊戲)
**browsing the Web** 瀏覽網路
**spend lots of time playing online games** 玩遊戲
**be glued to computer games for long hours** 一直盯著電腦
**neglect studies** 忽視課業
**without respite** 不停歇地
**in a row** 連續地
**a respite from + N** 從...中的喘息
**relaxation** 放鬆[U],娛樂活動[C]
**the clock is ticking** 時間在接近
**waste time on** 浪費時間
**be [harmful / beneficial] to + N** 有害,有益
**stay up late** 熬夜
**eyesight** 視力
**disrupt your sleep pattern** 打亂作息
**in the long run** 長期下來
**cause harm to** 危害
**wreak havoc on** 危害
**health condition** 身體狀況
**suffer from severe short-sightedness and sleep problems** 受近視及失眠之苦
**increase the possibility of short-sightedness** 近視
**blindness** 失明
**short-sighted** 近視的
**put an end to** 停止
**sacrifice your future for weeks of entertainment** 犧牲未來
**might be your best decision right now** 最好選擇
**help her get back on track** 幫她回到正軌
**you’ll appreciate me someday** 你會感謝我的
**excessive phone use** 過量使用
**a phone addiction** 手機成癮
**exploring real-life hobbies** 探索興趣
**socialize in person** 親自社交
**reducing the desire to use your phone** 減少慾望
**setting time limits for phone use** 時間限制
**stick to the limits** 遵守限制
**require a lot of self-discipline** 需要自律
**digital tools** 數位工具
**remind users once the limit is reached** 提醒
**gradual changes** 逐漸改變
**reduce your phone use** 減少使用
**calling your friends to help supervise your phone use** 幫忙監督
**[teach her / learn about] the health hazards it bring about** 教他,學到後果
**Only if she know the consequences will she voluntarily/willingly [put an end to / stop / cease] this unhealthy behavior.** 自願停下
**school's policy toward ...** 學校政策
**be caught using phones during the class** 被抓到用手機
**be disrespectful to the teacher** 不尊重老師
**behavior / conduct** 行為
**a verbal warning** 口頭警告
**show the behavior repeatedly** 重複做
**take the phone temporarily** 沒收
**contact the student's parents** 通知父母
**provided it is regulated and used responsibly** 責任且受規範的使用
**provide access to educational websites and digital resources that enhance learning** 線上資源
**interactive learning** 互動式學習
**using quizzes or polls tools online** 線上工具
**conduct quizzes or polls** 進行問答,投票
**Google Forms and Kahoot** 舉例
**engage students** 吸引學生興趣
**play educational videos in class** 播放教育影片
**comprehensible and engaging** 更加好理解,吸引人
**information skills** 資訊能力
**digital literacy** 資訊素養
**in the course of searching for information** 在查資料的過程中
**create digital content** 創建數位內容
**collect desirable information more efficiently** 收集需要的資料
**obtain further information** 獲得更多資訊
**clear up their confusion** 解決困惑
**deepen their knowledge of certain subjects** 加深理解

## 餐廳經營

**revel in N/Ving** 陶醉於
**never fails to intoxicate me.** 使我陶醉
**mouthwatering dishes** 美食
**culinary delights** 美食
**a gourment** 美食家
**a delicacy** 一道佳餚
**be more than willing to V** 十分樂意
**put much emphasis on diet** 重視飲食
**a [partner / companion]** 夥伴
**newly opened restaurants** 新餐廳
**Exploring newly opened restaurants has been our greatest delight, giving us a profound sense of achievement.** 探索新餐廳
**be close to our place** 靠近我們家
**pay it a visit** 拜訪
**a long line of people** 長隊伍
**a huge crowd waiting in line** 排隊人潮
**a queue of people** 隊伍
**A queue of people was waiting for their turns** 排隊人潮
**came into our views** 進入視野
**a building surrounded by throngs of people.** 圍滿了人的建築
**she suggests that we arrange our schedule and visit next time** 建議延期
**As time goes by, I turn increasingly restless** 我變得坐不住
**wait in line** 排隊
**step into** 步入
**immerse myself in the pleasant atmosphere of the place** 沉浸氣氛
**to my disappointment** 令我失望的是
**People (who are) keen on sharing their lives on social media** 熱愛分享的人
**post their photos taken in the restaurant** 上傳照片
**make a profit** 賺取利潤
**raise concerns about** 引發擔憂
**public hygiene** 公共衛生
**Germs and Bacteria** 病菌
**transferred to food surfaces or the dining environment** 轉移到食物或環境
**handle their pets** 摸寵物
**disturb the dining experience of others** 用餐體驗
**customers** 顧客
**companion animals** 伴生動物
**pets** 寵物
**the restaurant does not permit companion animals** 不允許攜帶寵物
**insist on bringing their pets** 堅持攜帶
**persist in N/Ving** 堅持
**refuse to offer the service** 拒絕服務
**pet-friendly restaurants spring up** 寵物友善餐廳湧現
**establish the regulations** 設立規定
**reduce the number of customers in the restaurant, leading to a decrease in revenue** 減少客源
**Pet-friendly restaurants serve as excellent places for pet owners to interact with their furry friends while relishing mouth-watering dishes.** 小結

## 網路資訊

**put too much trust in online [information / advertisements]** 網路資訊
**search for further information** 查詢更多資訊
**Before believing the information online** 相信網路
**doubt the authenticity** 真實性
**we should verify it and search for more details.** 查證且搜尋更多
**Gain a comprehensive understanding of it** 全面理解
**make logical decisions based on the [reliable information / accurate data]** 做出邏輯決定
**reflect its quality** 反映品質
**In the era of social networking** 在社會網路(上網與人社交)的時代
**fake news** 假新聞
**misled by an abundance of new information and commercials** 被誤導
**drift with the tide** 隨波逐流
**Acquiring the ability of critical thinking** 批判思考(包含懷疑和查證)
**To prevent yourself from being misled by online information** 避免被誤導
**incorrect or subjective information** 錯誤或主觀的訊息
**deceive me into Ving** 騙我去做
**avoid falling victim to advertising puffery** 廣告誇大
**exaggerated advertisements** 誇大的廣告
**verify the source** 查證來源
**newly obtained information** 新得到的資訊
**considering who is providing the information and what their motives are** 思考
**When obtaining information** 獲得資訊時
**being manipulated by information providers to achieve their goals.** 被操縱
**Sellers** 賣家
**to buy their products** 買他們的商品
**By detecting sellers' intentions, we can prevent ourselves from being manipulated into buying their products.** 偵測他們的目的
**acquiring the ability of critical thinking** 學會
**a qualified digital citizen** 稱職的數位公民
**The mainstream online media of 21th century possesses the overwhelming advantages against the tranditional ones** 主流線上媒體
**learn to distinguish opinions from facts** 區分事實
**think independently** 獨立思考
**provided we abidy by these guidelines** 只要遵守原則
**In terms of digital data size, 1 gigabyte represents 1024 megabytes.** 描述
**They boost workplace productivity and enable students to engage in digital learning by providing access to functional apps and websites.** 生活上的連結

## 家庭溝通/死亡

**When I was a child, I was prone to feeling depressed by failures.** 開頭
**Once, our teacher asked us to deliver speeches to introduce ourselves.** 舉例
**in harmony** 和諧地
**for fear [that S+V / of N]** 生怕
**account for a significant portion of my life** 對我很重要
**strengthen their bond** 強化連結
**spend quality time together** 度過優質時光
**sharing interesting occurrences** 分享趣事
**Most important of all** 最重要的是
**He is an excellent consultant.** 絕佳顧問
**wise advices and guidance** 智慧的建議
**My grandfather strives to be involved in my growth, providing countless support and encouragement.** 參與我的成長
**departure** 死亡[C]
**passed away** 過世
**loved ones** 親人
**overcome the grief** 克服悲傷
**I realised that endless mourning would merely disrupt my life, and my body was on the verge of giving out if the situation continued.** 浪子回頭橋段
**follow my parents' advices** 遵從建議
**associating his image with positive memories** 正向連結
**honor a deceased family member in a comforting way.** 用較寬慰的方式紀念他
**contribute to my strong mindset** 堅強心理
**instead of being overwhelmed by sadness whenever I think of him.** 一當想到
**As time went by, my daily routine gradually got back on track.** 回到正軌
**To this day, I can still clearly recall his motto : "Let the past guide you, not define you."** 時至今日
**Whenever I feel like giving up** 想放棄
**conquer the problems with perseverance and hard work** 克服困難
**won third prize** 第三名
**Even though he passed away five years ago, his words still echo in my mind as if he were standing beside me.** 想起
**These words have been a source of strength, helping me navigate countless hardships.** 助我良多
**They are his greatest legacy.** 最偉大的遺產
**Had it not been for his wise guidance and unconditional dedication, I would not have been ...** 可做結尾
**collaborative affairs** 合作事務
**unnecessay/needless [coflicts / confrontations / arguments]**
**have an argument (with sb) (about N)** 爭吵
**argue (with sb) (over N)** 爭吵
**properly** 適當地
**probably** 大概地
**same** 同一個的,一樣的
**identically** 一模一樣地(兩個東西)
**equally** 同等地
**He check the same document repeatedly.** 不能用identical(是"同一個"文件)
**The issue of human-induced factors is equally important.** 不能用identically("同等"$\not =$"相同")
**I ate the pudding in the fridge, not knowing that it was my sister's.** 舉例
**Returning (to our) home, my sister found out that her snack had been eaten and flew into a rage.** 注意時態
**maintain/conduct [proper/effective/good] communication** 維持,進行溝通
**[hold / conduct / organize] family meetings on a regular basis** 定期舉辦家庭會議
**take precautions against similar problems.** 預防類似問題
**The glass is labeled with the owner's name.** 標示姓名
**Actively offering feedback and listening carefully can help maintain good communication, applicable to both family and work environments.** 提供回饋和仔細聆聽
**Since communication is a mutual process, only if we listen to them will others be willing to express their perspectives.** 雙向過程
**giving opinions** 給意見
**household chores** 家事
**suffer from fatigue due to the lack of break time.** 累
**feel exhausted** 累
**promote family unity** 家庭團結
**strengthen family bonds** 家庭連結
**Every member in the family should share a portion of household chores.**
**Each family member should contribute to the household chores within their capabilities.** 能力所及
**housework** 家事[U]
**domestic tasks** 家事
**maintaining the family's well-being** 維持家庭幸福
**do the laundry** 洗衣
**do the dishes** 洗碗
**take out the garbage** 丟垃圾
**sweep the floor** 掃地
**He takes charge of sweeping the floor.** 他負責掃地
**My task is to wash the dishes, and my mother and father take charge of sweeping the floor and doing the laundry, respectively.** 分配
**Doing household chores is troublesome and time-consuming.** 麻煩
**I can't imagine what it would be like if all the domestic tasks fell on a certain member.** 假設語氣(與現反)
**Despite their fatigue from work, my parents are still willing to share the household chores** 工作疲勞
**Traditional culture tends to place the responsibility on children** 傳統文化

## 情緒管理

**engaged** 忙於某事的
**relatable** 能理解的
**be sympathetic about my problems** 同情
**in person** 當面地
**replace A with B** 代替
**substitude A for B** 代替
**conflicts** 衝突
**after calming down, he finally reconciled with me.** 和好
**calm the baby** 使冷靜
**had an argument about** 爭吵
**consult (sb) (about+N)** 商量,諮詢
**comfort/console sb** 安慰
**offer a few words of consolation** 提供幾句安慰
**persist in Ving** 堅持做
**[be faced with / confront] difficulties and challenges** 面對困難,挑戰
**being scolded for poor academic performance** 被罵
**a lack of confidence** 缺乏自信
**he lacks confidence** 做動詞用
**be concerned about appearance** 擔心外表
**appearance anxiety** 容貌焦慮
**concern about the safety** 安全憂慮(名詞)
**arranging a strict study schedule** 嚴格讀書計畫
**adjustments or postponements** 調整和延後
**in a bad mood** 心情不好
**prone to getting/becoming [annoyed/irritated]** 容易煩躁
**in a fit of emotion** 在情緒中
**be overcomed by emotions** 激動得難以自持
**be overwhelmed with emotions** 被情緒淹沒
**get annoyed with the sudden rain** 被突然下的雨煩躁
**The likelihood of possessing a robot assistant is very low** 低機率
**driven by emotions** 受情緒驅動
**steady** 可靠的,穩重的
**had a hard time express myself in front of people** 不擅表達
**let alone delivering a speech** 更不用說
**[he drill me on / I drill on] my oral presentation and speaking fluency** 訓練
**over come my panic attack** 克服恐慌發作
**my mind go blank and my palms are sweating** 一片空白
**It was your words and encouragement that directed me back to reality.** 回到現實
**uttering a single word** 吐出一個字
**overcome by stage fright** 怯場
**escape from the stage** 逃跑
**feeling extremely embarrassed and depressed** 尷尬挫折
**take the stage** 登台
**rehearse repeatedly** 排練
**asking my friends to serve as audiences** 充當觀眾
**build confidence** 建立信心
**met with loud applause** 收到掌聲
**Had it not been for your guidance, I would not have grown so significantly.** 感謝
**pull back on exploring new things** 退卻
**stick to it** 堅持下去

## 書信自傳

**sincerely yours** 信尾
**How have you been doing today?** 問候
**I am writing the letter in the hope of that** 希望...
**I am writing to apply for ...** 申請
**I was sorry to hear about your [loss / situation]** 抱歉得知你的喪失,情況
**it's my pleasure to receive your letter** 榮幸收到你的信
**It has been ... since we last met.** 過了多久
**Thanks for responding so quickly to my request** 感謝回覆
**express my gratitude** 感謝
**be busy with the school works** 忙於學校課業
**the college entrance exam is around the corner** 學測快到了
**a turning point of our lives** 人生的轉捩點
**What about you?** 那你呢
**be [concerned / worried] about** 擔心
**hear about your ...** 聽說你的...
**Department of Information Engineering** 資工系
**I developed a strong passion for programming and logical thinking in my high school years.** 開發興趣
**be [passionate about / keen on] the subject** 熱衷
**I have participated in multiple programming competitions.** 比賽
**earn the awards that affirmed my problem-solving abilities and deepen my understanding of ...** 得獎
**I have [taken / participated in] numerous extracurricular courses, building solid fundamental knowledge.** 上課
**Since I am deeply captivated by the subject, I believe that every student, regardless of their birthplace, should have a chance to gain insights into the charm of computer science.** 原因
**Therefore, I am dedicated to bridging the digital divide between urban and rural areas.** 行動
**organizing workshops or free courses to promote computer skills and digital literacy** 舉例
**determination** 決心
**aim to immerse myself in advance courses and strengthen my professional skills** 增進專業技巧
**specialized knowledge** 專科知識
**be confident in my ability to make contributions to the academic filed and society.** 貢獻
**If addmitted** 如果錄取
**With my extensive experience and strong determination, I believe that I have sufficient qualifications to enter the department.** 有資格
**I believe that my experience and determination have equipped me with the qualifications to enter the department.** 比較客氣一點

## 人工智慧

**artificial intelligence** 人工智慧[U]
**AI tools** 工具
**enhanced (personal) productivity and efficiency** 工作
**assist with scheduling, writing, and data management** 舉例
**repetitive tasks** 重複性工作
**It can also serve as a handy tool for digital learning, enabling students to access the information they need.** 學習
**For instance, ChatGPT, notable for its vast database and communication abilities, can provide virtual tutoring sessions, offering explanations and answering questions in real-time.** 舉例
**Tools like image generators can help people without professional drawing skills express their thoughts and creativity visually, but they also spark widespread controversies over copyright.** 藝術
**Many argue that image generators often rely on vast datasets that include copyrighted works, which leads to questions about ownership, originality, and the rights of the creators.**
**AI can automate repetitive tasks in various industries, such as manufacturing and customer service.** 問題
**However, replacing manpower with automation contributes to the increasing unemployment rates.** 失業率
**lead to severe social and economic problems** 社會經濟問題
**It is the government's responsibility to implement appropriate policies to strike a balance between social development and technological advancement.** 政府
**On a personal level, we must be cautious about the legal and ethical issues when using AI.**
**cultivate mindsets that ...** 培養
**in this dynamic and rapidly changing era** 時代
**a mindset that combines openness, adaptability, and a sense of social responsibility is crucial for navigating the challenges and opportunities of the modern world** 態度
**By embracing these attitudes, we can contribute to personal growth, societal well-being, and positive global change.** 結尾

## 成年禮

**making preparations (to V/ for N)** 準備
**saving sufficient tour budget** 預算
**prepare the necessary camping equipment** 器具
**tents** 帳篷
**sleeping bags** 睡袋
**explore historical landmarks and indulge in local cuisines** 旅遊活動
**I aim to experience the richness of Europe's landscapes along the way.** 小結
**We will climb a mountain, find a decent place to camp, and enjoy a leisurely afternoon.** 活動內容
**Whether having a picnic, playing board games, or simply immersing ourselves in the picturesque scenery, the experience will be unforgettable.** 細項
**Afterall,it is not about the activities or locations; It is about the people you are with.** 小結
**After we go to university, we'll be scattered in different places and won't be able to hang out together as often** 分散各地
**shared topics** 共同話題
**With the help of shared topics, we had the chance to spend more time together and foster a stronger connection.** 例子(三人以上用connections)
**People engage in various activities to honor the transitions between different stages of life.** 開頭
**These rituals help people prepare for and embrace new responsibilities and stages of life.** 承接
**Europe's rich history and diverse cultures will broaden my horizons** 優點舉例
**Also, it marks the beginning of a new chapter in my life, full of unpredictable challenges and thrilling adventures.** 鋪一下daring adventure
**By navigating through unfamiliar lands and interacting with people from various backgrounds, I will grasp the concept of independence and personal growth.** 優點(加困難時不用through)
**I hope that through this event, I can step out of my comfort zone and venture into the unknown, creating an exciting new chapter in my life.** 結尾(可引佳句)

# 翻譯寫法

## 注意事項

* **Jade Mountain**等專有名詞前不須**the**(除了the UK和the United States)
* 名詞作為"全體"或"概念"使用時，不可數直接放，可數加s或a/an (些微差別)
* **A teacher should care about their students** "一位老師"應該...
* **Teachers should care about their students** "老師"應該...
* **a number of + 複數N** ，後面接複數動詞
* **an amount of + 不可數N** ，後面接單數動詞
* 做形容詞: **another+(單數)** , **other+(複數,不可數)** , **the other** 代表剩餘的全部，都可加
* 做代名詞: **another(單數)** , **others(複數,不可數)** , **the other(單數)** , **the others(複數,不可數)**
* **feel + a./n.**(覺得/感受到) 或 **feel + N + VR/Ving**(感受到/摸到) 或 **feel that + 子句**(認為)
* **most people** -> 大多數人類 , **most of the people in ...** -> 限定範圍
* **this/one [kind/type/sort] of + 單數(不須加a) or 不可數** 用單數動詞
* **these/all/two [kinds/types/sorts] of + 複數 or 不可數** 用複數動詞
* **such [a 單數 / 複數 / 不可數]** 如此,那麼,像這樣的(such不是形容詞)

## 常見單字

**people from different countries** 各國的人們
**ecological diversity** 生態多樣性
**packaged foods** 包裝食品
**processed foods** 加工食品
**sugary drinks** 含糖飲料
**bottled water** 瓶裝水
**phone addiction** 手機成癮
**population aging** 高齡化
**declining birth rates** 減少的出生率
**a financial burden** 經濟負擔
**long-term / short-term** 長,短期的
**a popular trend** 流行趨勢
**state-of-the-art** 非常先進的,最先進的
**advanced** 先進的
**once-in-a-lifetime** 千載難逢的

## 常見用法

**In the past** 過去
**For the last/past twenty years** 過去二十年
**In the early period** 在早期
**an incresing number of** 越來越多的
**more and more people** 越來越多的人
**one million people** 一百萬人
**millions of prople** 數百萬人
**tens of thousands of people** 數萬人
**all kinds of** 各式各樣的(加複數or不可數N,用複數V)
**in advance** 提前
**for a long time** 長期
**lose their lives** 失去性命
**The exam is five days away** 五天後

# 單字/片語(字義)

## 情緒

### 悲傷/沮喪/悲慘

**depressed** 沮喪的
**sorrowful (a.)** 悲痛的 / **sorrow (n.)** 悲痛
**grief (n.)** 喪親之痛
**pitiful (a.)** 可憐的
**suffer a bereavement** 失去親人
**mouran (n.)** (因過世的)哀悼
**miserable (a.)** 可憐的
**break into tears** 爆哭

### 同情

**pity (v.)** 同情
**empathy (n.)** 同理
**have sympathy for** 同情

### 害怕/驚訝

**amaze (v.)** 使驚奇 / **amazing (a.)** 驚奇的
**frantic (a.)** 恐懼的,發狂的
**frightening (a.)** 令人恐懼的 / **frightened (a.)** 受驚的
**be afraid of** 害怕
**[scare/frighten] the life out of 人** 嚇死
**astonish (v.)** 使驚訝 / **astonishing (a.)** 驚人的

### 喜悅/笑

**jubilant** (因成功而)開心的
**pleased** 開心的
**delighted** 愉快的
**burst into laughter** 爆笑
**in a fit of [anger/hysterics]** 在[怒氣/狂笑]之中

### 生氣

**irritated (a.)** 被惹火的
**fly into a rage** 暴怒

## 描述形容

### 方便的/有用的/簡易的

**useful (a.)** 有用的
**helpful (a).** 有幫助的
**convenient (a.)** 便利的
**handy (a.)** 方便的,有用的
**effortless (a.)** 輕鬆的
**uncomplicated (a.)** 簡單的
**valued (a.)** 有價值的,重要的
**valuable (a.)** 有價值的,值錢的

### 疼痛/受傷

**scorching pain** 灼熱的疼痛
**let out a cry of anguish** 發出慘叫
**in agony** 在痛苦中
**flames of pain [lick at/spread through]** 疼痛像火一般蔓延
**sustain injuries** 受傷

### 值得

**worthy (a.)** 值得支持的
**worthwhile (a.)** 值得(花時間、精力)的
**be worth(a.) + N/Ving** 值得(去做)
**be worthwhile(a.) to** 值得(花時間、精力)去做

### 年齡在

**be aged(a.) + 數字 (to 數字)** 年齡在

### 組成

**formation (n.)** 結構
**account for** 組成
**be accounted for** 由...組成
**consist of** 由...組成,包含
**be made [of/up of]** 由...組成(指材料)
**be composed of** 由...組成

### 看起來/外觀

**apperance (n.)** 外表
**with a look of + N** 看起來
**look [like+N/adj]** 看起來(物理)
**seem/appear** 感覺起來(猜測) **詳見**[用法:其他](https://hackmd.io/Rznx-Fv6S6aVFCzz7Nbeqg?view#%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96)

### 匆忙

**haste (n.)** 匆忙
**hasty (a.)** 匆忙的
**in a hurry** 匆忙地
**in a rush** 匆忙地

### 肥胖

**rotund (a.)** 矮胖的
**plump (a.)** 豐滿的
**obese (a.)** 肥胖的
**obesity (n.)** 肥胖
**fleshy (a.)** 多肉的

### 位於/在於

**sit in** 位於
**be situated in** 位於
**be located in** 位於
**lie in** 存在於
**be home to** 是...的所在地

### 視為/作為

**be deemed + adj** 被視為
**regard + N + as** 將...視為
**be regarded as** 被視為
**perceive A (to be) [N./adj.]** 視為
**consider A (to be) [N./adj.]** 視為
**serve as** 作為
**function as** 當作

### 重要的/不可或缺的

**vital (a.)** 極其重要的
**crucial (a.)** 決定性的
**critical (a.)** 批評的,關鍵性的
**significant (a.)** 重要的；顯著的
**essential (a.)** 必要的
**indispensable (a.)** 必不可少的

### 強制/義務的

**compulsory (a.)** 必須的,強制的
**mandatory (a.)** 強制的,法定的
**obligatory (a.)** (法律上)義務的,強制的

### 分數

**half of + N** 二分之一的
**one third of + N** 三分之一的
**a quarter of + N** 四分之一的
**half of + N** 二分之一的
**two thirds of + N** 三分之二的

### 大量的/多樣的

**abundant (a.)** 大量的
**an abundance of** 大量的
**diverse (a.)** 多種的
**a diversity of** 大量分歧的
**various (n.)** 多種的
**a variety of** 多樣的
**all sorts of** 各式各樣的
**scores of** 很多的
**massive** 大量的,巨大的
**numerous** 大量的
**a tremendous amount of** 接不可數
**a tremendous number of** 接可數
**plenty of** 大量的

### 足夠/不足

**ample (a.)** 足夠的
**sufficient (a.)** 足夠的
**adequate (a.)** 足夠的
**insufficient (a.)** 不足的

### 奇怪

**peculiar (a.)** 奇怪的
**bizarre (a.)** 異乎尋常的
**odd (a.)** 怪的,奇數的
**quirky (a.)** 古怪的

### 糟糕/美好

**dreadful (a.)** 糟糕的
**outstanding (a.)** 出色的
**impressive (a.)** 印象深刻的
**splendid (a.)** 極好的,壯觀的
**excellent (a.)** 極好的
**superb (a.)** 極好的
**decent (a.)** 很好的

### 迷人/壯觀/鼓舞人心

**fascinating (a.)** 吸引人的
**appealing (a.)** 有吸引力的
**stunning (a.)** 迷人的
**magnificent (a.)** 壯麗的,極好的
**compelling (a.)** 激勵人心的
**inspiring (a.)** 鼓舞人心的
**charming (a.)** 迷人的

### 易於/傾向

**tendency (n.)** 傾向
**tend to** 傾向
**be prone to** 易於

## 動作

### 熟悉/習慣

**used to+V** 過去習慣
**be used to Ving** 現在習慣
**get used to** 變得習慣
**acquaint sb with ...** 使某人了解...
**adept** 內行的
**be accustomed to Ving** 習慣...

### 受到

**A subject(v.) B to** A使B受到
**be subjected(v.) to** 受到
**be subject(a.) to** 受到

### 干擾/影響

**bother (v.)** 打擾
**disturb (v.)** 打斷
**interupt (v.)** 打斷(談話) / **interuption (n.)** 短暫中斷
**disrupt (v.)** 擾亂,打斷
**influence (v./n.)** 影響
**impact (v./n.)** 影響
**affect (v.)** 影響
**effect (n.)** 影響
**have an impact/effect on** 造成影響

### 增加/加劇/上升

**rise (v./n.)** 升高
**raise (v.)** 舉起,使升高
**soar (v.)** 猛增
**boost (v./n.)** 改善,使增強
**enhance (v.)** 使提高,增加
**ascend (v.)** 登上,攀登
**increase (v.)** (使)增加
**intensify (v.)** (使)加劇
**escalate (v.)** (使)加劇,(使)擴大
**elevate (v.)** 使上升,舉起
**drive up** 使增加

### 減少/減緩/下降

**descend (v.)** 下降,走下
**decrease (v.)** (使)減少
**diminish (v.)** (使)減小
**alleviate (v.)** 緩解(壞事)
**reduce (v.)** (使)減小,(使)降低
**lower (v.)** 使減少

### 執行/參與/開始進行

**conduct (v.)** 組織,實施
**launch (v.)** 推出,發起
**arise (v.)** 發生,出現
**start + Ving/toV** 開始
**begin to** 開始
**initiate + N** 開始
**undertake (v.)** 開始做
**implement (v.)** 實現
**enforce (v.)** (強制)實行
**put into practice** 實現
**engage in** 參與
**partake in** 參與
**involve in** (事)涉及
**be involved in** (人)參與
**participate in** 參與

### 經歷/面對

**experience (v./n.)** 經歷
**undergo (v.)** 經歷
**go through** 經歷,挺過
**face (v.)** 面對
**be faced with** 面對

### 起源/原因

**originate with** 伴隨(人、物)源起
**originate [in/from]** 源自於(物、地點)
**be rooted in** 原因是
**stem from** 原因是

### 設法/嘗試

**manage to** 設法完成(已成功)
**attempt to** 嘗試
**make an attempt to** 嘗試

### 決定/選擇

**decide (v.)** 決定
**determine to** 決定
**opt for** 選擇
**option (n.)** 選擇 / **optional (a.)** 可選的
**make up my mind (to + V)** 下定決心

### 處理

**address (v.)** 處理
**cope with** 處理
**deal with** 處理
**attend to** 處理,照顧,出席

### 導致/引起

**trigger (v.)** 引起(壞事)
**provoke (v.)** 引發(負面)
**arouse (v.)** 引發(感受)
**lead to** 導致
**contribute to** 導致,貢獻
**bring about** 導致
**give rise to** 造成
**result in** 導致

### 符合/遵守

**conform to** 順應,遵守
**abide by** 遵守
**correspond to** 符合,相當於
**in line with** 符合
**stick to** 遵守

### 看

**take a sneak peek at** 偷瞄一眼
**glance around** 環顧
**[stare/gaze] at** 盯著
**at first glance** 乍看

### 找尋/發現

**explore (v.)** 探索
**seek (v.)** 找尋
**spot (v.)** 看到
**discover (v.)** 發現,找到
**discovery (n.)** 發現
**look for** 找尋
**in search of** 找尋

### 允許/使能夠/有資格

**approve (v.)** 同意,核准 / **approval (n.)** 同意,核准
**consent (n.)** 允許,同意
**authorize (v.)** 授權
**eligible for N** 有資格
**qualify (人) for** 有資格
**allow + to** 允許
**enable + to** 使能夠
**permit +[Ving/to/N]** 允許
**make it possible (for 人) to V** 使...成為可能

### 追求

**pursue (v.)** 追求
**in pursuit of** 追求
**chase the dreams** 追夢

### 努力/致力於

**[make/in] an effort to** 努力做
**put effort into** 投入很多努力
**spare no efforts to** 不計代價
**strive to** 努力
**be [commited/dedicated/devoted] to + N./Ving** 致力於
**devote/dedicate + [oneself/time/life...] + to + N./Ving** 投入...給...

### 猶豫

**hestitate (v.)** 猶豫
**without further ado** 立即,不浪費時間
**without hesitation** 不猶豫

## 事物概念

### 優缺點

**advantage (n.)** 優點
**disadvantage (n.)** 缺點
**strength (n.)** 優點
**shortcoming (n.)** 缺點
**benefit (n.)** 好處
**pros and cons** 優缺點

### 結果

**outcome (n.)** 結果
**result (n.)** 結果
**consequence (n.)** 後果(負面)
**end up + Ving** 結果做了...
**turn out to be** 結果成為
**as a result** 作為結果,因此

### 委員會/會議

**council (n.)** 委員會
**committee (n.)** 委員會
**board of directors (n.)** 董事會
**convention (n.)** 大會,傳統
**conference (n.)** 會議
**consultation (n.)** 協商會,諮詢

### 主管/領導

**director (n.)** 經理,主管
**executive (n.)** 行政主管
**supervisor (n.)** 監督者,管理者
**administrator (n.)** 管理者,行政人員

### 導師/教練

**instructor (n.)** 教練,導師
**lecturer (n.)** 講師
**mentor (n.)** 導師,指導者

### 美食

**gourment (a.)** 美味的 **(n.)** 美食家
**delicacy (n.)** 美食
**cuisine (n.)** 佳餚
**culinary (a.)** 烹飪的

### 意見/見解

**insight (n.)** 深刻見解
**perspective (n.)** 觀點,想法
**opinion (n.)** 意見

# 單字/片語(其他)

## 片語

**be high in** 富含
**drift off** 逐漸入睡
**waddle into** 蹣跚進入
**hobble around** 跛腳行走
**have [a hard time/difficulty] + Ving/with N** 有困難(做某事)
**wolf down + N** 狼吞虎嚥
**[driven by/out of] curiosity** 出於好奇
**go after** 追趕
**as for** 至於
**be overwhelmed with + 情緒(n.)** (感情)充溢

## 形近/義近

**prospective (a.)** 可能的,將來的
**perspective (n.)** 觀點,想法

**adapt (v.)** 適應,改編
**adopt (v.)** 採用,領養
**adept (a.)** 擅長的

**assemble (v.)** 集合,組裝
**resemble (v.)** 與...相似

**causal (a.)** 因果的
**casual (a.)** 休閒的

**preservation (n.)** 保存
**reservation (n.)** 預約
**conservation (n.)** 保育(自然、遺跡)

**insist (v.)** 堅持(意見)
**persist (v.)** 堅持不懈,持續
**resist (v.)** 反抗

**perceive (v.)** 認為,看待
**conceive (v.)** 想像,想出

## 連接詞/介係詞

### 因為

**[because/for/since/as] + 句** 因為
**[because of/due to] + N** 因為
**as a result of + N** 因為,由於
**for the sake of + N** 為了,由於

### 只要

**as long as + 句** 只要
**provided (that) + 句** 只要

### 儘管

**although + 句** 儘管
**desipte + [N/Ving]** 儘管
**in spite of + [N/Ving]** 儘管

### 有關/考慮到

**about** 關於
**concerning** 關於
**considering** 就...而言
**given** 考慮到
**referring to** 有關

### 根據/傳說

**according to** 根據
**in accordance with** 根據
**[legend/rumor/reports] [has/have] it that + S+V** 傳說/謠傳/報導

## 副詞

### 也/相似的

**also** 也
**similarly** 相似的
**identically** 一樣的
**as well** 也

### 現在/過去/未來

**at present** 現在
**nowadays** 現今
**in the past** 過去
**in the early period** 早期

### 首先

**firstly** 首先
**initially** 起初
**first of all** 首先

### 突然

**in a matter of seconds** 數秒內
**all of a sudden** 突然間

### 但是/不過

**however** 然而
**nevertheless** 不過

### 因此

**thus** 因此
**therefore** 因此
**consequently** 因此
**as a result** 作為結果

### 此外/除了

**what's more** 更多的是
**futhermore** 更多的是
**in addition** 此外
**additionally** 此外
**in addition to + N** 除了(包含)
**besides** 除了(包含)
**apart from** 除了(包含、排除)
**except for** 除了(排除)

# 用法

## 分詞構句

### 1.省略連接詞款

### 去連接詞

* **as, because...** 表原因，需去除
* **when, and, if...** 若不影響，可去可不去
* **before, after, although...** 若影響句意，則不去除

### 去主詞

主詞相同，需去除
* **He looked exhausted, almost falling asleep during the class.**

主詞不同，不能去除 (獨立分詞構句)
* **The pandemic breaking out, the streets became empty.**

### 改分詞

一般動詞改現在分詞
* **Consisting of eleven ambitious players, the team won first place in the tournament.**

be動詞可省略
* **(being) Scolded by his mom, he looked lifeless all day.**
* **She was rushing around frantically, (being) in hope of finding her missing daughter.**

完成式用having
* **Having done my homework, I can finally play outside.**

否定not擺前面
* **Not knowing the deadline, I failed to submit my homework on time.**

### 2.省略關代款

步驟大致與上面相同，但是作用在形容詞子句
* **There are many car accidents which are caused by carelessness every year.**
* **There are many car accidents caused by carelessness every year.**

### **with + O + OC**

為省略關代的延伸用法

* **The player is running with his hair which drifts with the wind.**
* **The player is running with his hair drifting with the wind.**

## 名詞子句

整個子句作為名詞使用，可做主詞、受詞、同位語

### that + S + V

作主詞、虛主詞
* **That he hasn't come is weird.**
* **It is unbelievable that I got the job.**

做受詞，**可省略**
* **I think (that) you are right.**
* **The problem is (that) I can't afford it**

做同位語
* **The fact that he stole the car remains unchanged.**

### 疑問詞 + S + (助) + V

有意義的助動詞 **(could,will,have...)** 可留下

* **How he finished such a large amount of work remains a mistery.**
* **I am wondering where he has gone.**
* **The question why the money was lost hasn’t been answered.**

其中，疑問詞可能就是主詞
* **I don't know who is coming.**

又，助動詞為 **could,should...** 時，可用 **to** 替代 **S+助**

* **I don't know what to do.**

### whether/if + S + (助) + V

Yes/No問句的間接問句

* **Whether you will take my advice (or not) is important.**
* **I don't know if he is a teacher (or not).**

### because

because也可以帶領名詞子句

* **This is because we considered the inflation.**

## 形容詞子句

整個子句做為形容詞使用，形容某個名詞 **(先行詞)**
其中，先行詞可能是**整個句子**

### 關係代名詞

判斷表準:後面子句中少了主詞或受詞

代替子句中的主詞 **(who/which/that)**，所有格用**whose**
* **The park, which boasts all sorts of facilities, is situated in the center of the city.**
* **He is the student whose pen is missing.**

代替子句中的受詞 **(who/whom/which/that)**，**可省略**
* **The girl (whom/who) I like is over there.**
* **The appliances (which) we bought last week function well.**

### 關係副詞

判斷標準:後面子句是完整的

代替子句中的副詞 **(介係詞+N)**

**where = in/on/at... + which(地點)**

* **Taipei is the place which I live in.**
* **Taipei is the place in which I live.**
* **Taipei is the place where I live.**

先行詞沒意義時也可**省略先行詞**，變成**名詞子句**(間接問句)的用法

* **Taipei is where I live.**

where通常不可省略(語意不清)

**when = in/on/at... + which(時間)**

* **We were born in 1999,which a terrible earthquake hit Taiwan in.**
* **We were born in 1999,in which a terrible earthquake hit Taiwan.**
* **We were born in 1999,when a terrible earthquake hit Taiwan .**

先行詞沒意義時也可**省略先行詞**，變成**名詞子句**(間接問句)的用法

* **I will never forget when the terrible accident happened.**

可省略when但保留先行詞

* **I will never forget the day the terrible accident happened.**

**why = for + which(原因)**

* **Do you know the reason which he was absent at the meeting yesterday for?**
* **Do you know the reason for which he was absent at the meeting yesterday?**
* **Do you know the reason why he was absent at the meeting yesterday?**

先行詞沒意義時也可**省略先行詞**，變成**名詞子句**(間接問句)的用法

* **Do you know why he was absent at the meeting yesterday?**

可省略why但保留先行詞

* **Do you know the reason he was absent at the meeting yesterday?**

**how = in which(方法)**

先行詞通常用**the way**，但是**the way**以及**how**只能擇一使用

選擇一，**省略先行詞**，變成**名詞子句**(間接問句)的用法
* **We were all impressed by how he dealt with the crisis.**

選擇二，**省略how**
* **We were all impressed by the way he dealt with the crisis.**

### 複合關係代名詞

就是**包含先行詞**的關係代名詞，也可以看成**名詞子句**

**what = the thing which**
* **Zack finally told his family the thing that made him want to quit his job.**
* **Zack finally told his family what made him want to quit his job.**

**疑問詞 + ever**

**whatever,whichever,wherever...**，主要有兩種功用，也可直接當形容詞

一，複合關係代名詞，可簡單視為引導名詞子句
* **I will do whatever (=anything that) you say.**
* **Whoever (=anyone who) wins the game can get the prize.**

二，連接詞，等於**no matter + 疑問詞**
* **No matter what they are, I don't want to hear your excuses.**
* **Whatever they are, I don't want to hear your excuses.**

其中，**whether**亦有此用法

* **Whether it is true, I will give it a try.**

## 助動詞

待補

## 假設語氣

### 與現反

**If S + Ved
If it were not for + N
But for + N
Without + N**

後加**S [could/should/would/might] + V**

### 與過反

**If S had + Vpp
If it had not been for
But for + N
Without + N**

後加**S [could/should/would/might] have + Vpp**

## 倒裝

### 否定副詞
**never/hardly/seldom** 絕不,幾乎不
**under no circumstances** 沒有任何情況
**by no means** 絕不
**in no way** 絕不

**否定副詞 + [be/助V/have] + S + (V)**
* **Under no circumstances will I forgive you.**
* **Seldom is he late.**
* **Never have I been to that place.**

### Only

**Only + [介片/子句] + [be/助V] + S + (V)**

* **Only by constant practice can you be a master.**
* **Only if he apologize will I forgive him.**
* **Only to close people is he kind.**

### Not until

**Not until + [時間/子句] + [be/助V] + S + (V)**

* **Not until midnight did I fall asleep.**
* **Not until she flew into a rage did the boys stop mocking.**
* **Not until she gets the licence is she a qualified teacher.**

### not only but also

**Not only + [be/助V] + S + (V), but + S + (also) + [be/V]**

* **Not only did she arrive late, but she also forgot to bring her a present.**
* **Not only is he PE teacher, but he is a an Olympic champion.**

### so/such

**[So+adj/Such] be S that S + V**

* **So surprised was he that he couldn't utter a single word.**
* **Such was the beauty of the Taj Mahal that it took my breath away.**

### as/though

**adj/adv + [as/though] + S + V, 子句** ，表雖然

* **Crowded as the carrier was, I still managed to find a seat.**
* **Quickly as I ran, I was late.**

### 地方副詞

**地方副詞 [be/V] + N**

* **At the core of the problem is the lack of funding.**
* **In the center of the city lies a statue.**

**地方副詞 + 代N + [be/V]**

* **Here we are!**
* **There he is.**

### 假設語氣

**與現反: Were 移到句首(一般V不可倒裝)**

* **Were I you, I would eat the pie.**

**與過反: Had 移到句首**

* **Had you not put efforts into it, we would not have been attained our objective.**

## 其他

### 引用對話

間接引用，時態以現在為基準

* **He said that he was tired.**

直接引用，加雙引號(標點符號要含在尾部)，動詞可以前,中,後

* **Mom always says, “Don’t play ball in the house.”**
* **“Dinner will be ready in 10 minutes,” Mrs. Perkins said.**
* **“No,” she said, “I don’t have any plans tomorrow.”**

名言佳句，看情況加，看是作為用語還是引述

* **I learned that what goes around comes around.**
* **"Time is money," I thought.**

### 看起來

**it [appears/seems] + [adj/to V/that子句]** toV和that子句中，表「看起來發生過」用完成式

### 分裂句

**it is 強調 that + 原句** 拉出強調,除了V都可強調

### 虛主詞

**it is adj [to V/that + 句]** 代替後面名詞

### 建議類形容詞

**it is [necessary/vital/crucial/essential/suggested/decided/demanded] that S + (should) + V** 建議類形容詞+原型V