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# System prepended metadata

title: Security levels – reading material

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# Security levels -- additional materials

## IMPORTANT NOTE

During the talk, I incorrectly stated that constant-round protocols essentially do not lose security when the Fiat--Shamir transformation is applied to them. This is not true in general, see [[AFK21, Section 7]](https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/1377.pdf). 

I guess that this is one more example that we assume security properties too lightly :smile:.

## Security levels

- [Rosulek -- The Joy of Cryptography, Chapter 4](https://joyofcryptography.com/pdf/chap4.pdf)
- [Thaler -- Proofs, Arguments and Zero-Knowledge, Section 5.3.1](https://people.cs.georgetown.edu/jthaler/ProofsArgsAndZK.html)

## Proof systems

### SNARK architecture

- [Boneh -- Overview of Modern SNARK constructions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGEXYpt3sj0)
- Thaler -- SNARK Design: [Part I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tg6lKPdR_e4), [Part II](https://youtu.be/cMAI7g3UcoI), [Part III](https://youtu.be/ZEjuh1UBg6A)

### Schwartz--Zippel lemma

- [Schwartz--Zippel lemma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartz%E2%80%93Zippel_lemma)

## Elliptic curve security

- [Guillevic -- Pairing-friendly curves](https://members.loria.fr/AGuillevic/pairing-friendly-curves/)
- [Hopwood - BN254](https://github.com/zcash/zcash/issues/714)

## Fiat--Shamir transformation

### Implementation issues

- [BPW16 -- How not to Prove Yourself: Pitfalls of the Fiat-Shamir Heuristic and Applications to Helios](https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/771)
- [DMW+23 -- Weak Fiat-Shamir Attacks on Modern Proof Systems](https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/691.pdf)
- [CPV24 -- The Last Challenge Attack: Exploiting a Vulnerable Implementation of the Fiat-Shamir Transform in a KZG-based SNARK](https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/398.pdf)

### Theoretical issues

- [Thaler -- Proofs, Arguments and Zero-Knowledge, Sections 5.2 and 5.3](https://people.cs.georgetown.edu/jthaler/ProofsArgsAndZK.html)
- [AFK21 -- Fiat-Shamir Transformation of Multi-Round Interactive Proofs](https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/1377.pdf)
- [BGK+23 -- Fiat-Shamir Security of FRI and Related SNARKs](https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1071)