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# System prepended metadata

title: French Course Notes 2022

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# French Course Notes 2022
by Benjamin Lim

![](https://i.imgur.com/oaCh8Fe.jpg)

- Why this material is particularly useful for me?
    - Having an organized list of everything I've learnt helps me to refer back when I need to revise and refresh myself on what I've learnt so far. It can feel overwhelming if we don't take the time to write everything down in an organized fashion and in a place where I can easily search up things I've learnt before. Hopefully, I will remind myself to revise this from time to time to get better at French!
- Did I change my method for this task or was I already using this type of material before?
    - I've always enjoyed using this format of online notes because I can easily share what I've learnt with others, and personally I am very comfortable with making these online notes since I've done it for other subjects (for example, in Computer Science)
- How useful did you find this activity on vocabulary?
    - I think it's been very useful to have this activity, to ensure that everyone is making some attempt to keep track of the vocabulary and words we've learnt. Personally, I would have made a digital list even if we didn't have the activity graded, but I think it's good to make sure that everyone is on track.
- About my notes:
    - The `shaded parts like this` are usually either English translations or my way of remembering how the word is pronounced.

## L'alphabet
- A `ahh`
- B `be`
- C `se`
- D `de`
- E `ouerr`
- F `ef`
- G `je`
- H `ash`
- I `ee`
- J `gee`
- K `ka`
- L `el`
- M `em`
- N `an`
- O `o`
- P `pe`
- Q `qyu`
- R `ehhr`
- S `es`
- T `te`
- U `yu`
- V `vea`
- W `dublivea`
- X `eks`
- Y `igrek`
- Z `zedd`

## Les nombres
- 1 un `uen`
- 2 deux `deu`
- 3 trois `twa`
- 4 quatre `katr`
- 5 cinq `saink`
- 6 six `sis`
- 7 sept `set`
- 8 huit `wheat`
- 9 neuf `nerf`
- 10 dix `dis`
- 11 onze `on-ze`
- 12 douze `du-ze`
- 13 treize `try-aize`
- 14 quatorze `katorz`
- 15 quinze `kanz`
- 16 seize `seays`
- 17 dix-sept `disset`
- 18 dis-huit
- 19 dix-nerf
- 20 vignt `veant`
- 21 vignt et un `veante un`
- 22 vignt-deux
- ...
- 30 trente `taunt`
- 40 quarante `kahont`
- 50 cinquante `saikont`
- 60 soixante `swasont`
- 70 septante `septaunt`
- 80 huitante `wheataunt`
- 90 nonante `nonaunt`
- 100 cent `sont`
- 1000 mille `mill`

## Pronunciation
### Ending letters
- e is not pronounced unless it has an accent (é)
- t, s, x, z, d, and p are not pronounced in general

### Pronounciation of c
- c is pronounced as `k` when followed by a, o or u
    - e.g. café
- c is pronounced as `s` when followed by i or e
    - e.g. pharmacie
- ç is pronounced as `s`, even when followed by a, o or u

### Letter combinations
- ou `u`
- ai `eh`
- an/en `on`
- au/eau `o`
- oi `wa`

### Linking words
Usually between the last normally unpronounced consonant of a word and the first vowel of the following word.

#### Mandatory links
- article + noun
- pronoun + verb
- number + countable
- with one preposition
- adjective + noun

#### Almost mandatory links
- très `very` + adjective

#### Notes on linking
- s and x are pronounced as `z` when linking
- f is pronounced as `v` when linking
- h is usually considered a vowel (and hence a starting letter h can be linked to a previous word)

## Verbs
### Faire
to do, to make
- je fais un exercice de math = I'm doing a math exercise
- Also used to indicate a hobby, when combined with the preposition "de"
    - faire + de + hobby
### Jouer
to play
- jouer à + game
    - jouer au volleyball, jouer aux jeux vidéo
- jouer de + instrument de musique
    - jouer du piano, jouer de la guitare

## Introductions
- vous for formal and tu for informal
- Je m'appelle `my name is`
- Vous vous appelez comment? `what is your name`
- Et toi/vous? `and you?`
- J'ai `I have`
- Je parle `I speak`
- J'habite `I live`
- vous êtes `you are`
- il est `he is`
- elle est `she is`
- voici `here is`
- ma/mon `my`
- Je suis `I am`

## Negation
- ne + verb + pas
    - je ne parle pas français
- sometimes n is appended to the verb instead of a separate ne
    - je n'habite pas à Paris
    - je n'ai pas d'enfant

## Variations of verbs
- Regular verbs end with -er when not conjugated.
- All regular verbs follow the same conjugation pattern
- parler
    - je parle
    - tu parles
    - il/elle parle
    - nous parlons
    - vous parlez
    - ils/elles parlent
- être
    - je suis
    - tu es
    - il/elle/on est
    - nous sommes
    - vous êtes
    - ils/elles sont

## Questions
### Communiquer en classe
- Comment ça se prononce? `how do you pronounce it`
- Comment ça s'écrit? `how do you write it?`
- Vous pouvez répéter, s'il vous plaît? `can you repeat, please?`
- Qu'est-ce que c'est? `what is it/that?`
- Qu'est que ça veut dire? `what does it mean?`
- Comment on dit *house* en français? `How do you say house in French?`
- Vous connaissez le mot *soir*? `Do you know the word soir?`
- Quelle est la différence entre *tu* et *vous*? `What is the difference between tu and vous?`
- Vous pouvez parler plus letement, s'il vous plaît? `Can you speak more slowly, please?`
- Désolé, je ne comprends pas `Sorry, I don't understand`
- Je ne sais pas `I don't know`

### Questions when meeting new people
- Comment vous appelez-vous? `What is your name?`
- Quel âge avez-vous? `What's your age?`
- D'où venez-vous? `Where are you from?`
- Où habitez-vous? `Where do you live?`
- Quelle est votre profression `What is your profession?`
- Quel est votre état civil? `What is your marital status?`
- Quel langues parles vous? `What languages do you speak?`

## Greetings
- salut `hi`
- bienvenue `welcome`
- bonjour `good day`
- bonsoir `good evening`
- bonne nuit `good night`
- Comment allez-vous? `how are you?`
- ça va `how's it going?`
- au revoir `goodbye`
- à bientôt `see you soon`
- s'il vous plaît `please`
- merci `thank you`
- excusez-moi `excuse me`
- pardon
- fécilitations `congratulations`
- enchanté `nice to meet you`
- monsieur `sir`
- madame `married lady`
- mademoiselle `unmarried lady`

## Activities
### Les loisirs
- écouter de la musique `listen to music`
- regarder des séries `watch series`
- danser `dance`
- rencontrer des amis `meet with friends`
- voyager `travel`
- cuisiner `cook`
- visiter des musées `visit museums`
- lire `read`
- surfer sur internet `surf the internet`
- aller au cinéma `go to the cinema`
- faire du shopping `go shopping`
- faire de la photographie `do photography`
- faire une promenade `go on walks`
- jouer d'un instrument `play an instrument`
- jouer aux échecs `play chess`

### Les sports
- faire du ski
- faire de la natation `swim`
- faire du karaté `karate`
- faire de la plongée `diving`
- faire de la voile `sail`
- faire de l'escalade `rock climb`
- faire de la randonnée `hike`
- faire du football
- faire du tennis
- faire du golf

## Articles
### Unique vs non-unique articles for nouns
- Non-unique
    - un/une
- Unique
    - la/le/les/l'

## Telling the time
- il est *hours* heures *minutes*
    - link the number of hours to heures
- Special cases:
    - midi `noon`
    - minuit `midnight`
    - et demie `+30mins`
    - et quart `+15mins`
    - moins `minus`
- quelle heure est-il? `what is the time?`

## Saying the date
- quelle est la date d'aujourd'hui? `what is the date today?`
- Aujourd'hui, nous sommes le *day of month* *month* *year*
- Nous sommes le/en *day of week / day of month / month / year*
- Aujourd'hui `today`
- Demain `tomorrow`
- Hier `yesterday`
- Days of the week
    - lundi `monday`
    - mardi `tuesday`
    - mercredi `wednesday`
        - `mech-hedi`
    - jeudi `thursday`
    - vendredi `friday`
    - samedi `friday`
        - `samdi`
    - dimanche `sunday`
- Months
    - janvier `january`
        - `johnviehr`
    - février `february`
        - `fehvierh`
    - mars `march`
        - `mahz`
    - avril `april`
        - `avhil`
    - mae `may`
    - juin `june`
        - `juanne`
    - juillet `july`
        - `jui-yehh`
    - août `august`
    - septembre `september`
    - octobre `october`
    - novembre `november`
    - décembre `december`
- Seasons
    - hiver `winter`
    - printemps `spring`
    - été `summer`
    - automne `autumn`

## Mealtimes
- In Switzerland:
    - déjuner `breakfast`
    - dîner `lunch`
    - souper `dinner`
- In France:
    - petit déjuner `breakfast`
    - déjuner `lunch`
    - dîner `dinner`

## Sensations
- faim `hungry`
- soif `thirsty`
- chaud `hot`
- froid `cold`
- sommeil `sleepy`
- besoin `need`
- envie `want/desire`
- peur `afraid of`

## Weather
- temp `weather/time`
- vent `wind`
- neige `snow`
- soleil `sunny`
- nuages `cloudy`
- éclairs `lightning`
- arc-en-ciel `rainbow`
- tempête `storm`
- beau `sunny/beautiful`
- pleut `raining`