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Chapter 08 IP協定

tags: Information Network

2024/06/18 Edited by Ting

IPv4

  • IPv4的位址長度為(32)bits,IPv6的位址長度為(128)。

  • Addressing:地址有分成以下4種:

    1. Physical Adress (MAC):不會變動。
    2. Logical Adress (IP):隨著地方不同會變動。
    3. Port number:在TCP/UDP運作,寄件者,收件者,丟到指定位置 //Telnet(port=23),SSH(port=22),SSH有加密,較安全http(port=80),FTP(port=21),https(server=443)。
    4. Virtual host:僅用在www、FTP或特殊應用。
  • IPv4地址有5類:A、B、C、D、E類地址。

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    • A類地址:A類一共有
      27
      network(網路位元),一個ClassA底下有
      2242
      (network adress、boardcast adress)個IP(主機位元)可用。
    • B類地址:B類一共有
      214
      個network,一個ClassB底下有
      2162
      個IP可用。
    • C類地址:C類一共有
      221
      個network,一個ClassC底下有
      282
      個IP可用。
    • IP位址主要就是上面這3種(A、B、C)類型。
    • D類地址:D類一共有
      228
      Multicast(多點群播)的設定位元,它並不指向特定的網絡,供特殊協議向選定的節點發送信息時用。
    • E類地址:E類一共有
      228
      Reserved bit (保留位元),保留未來實驗用。

Address

  • 網路遮罩(network mask):將網路位元設為1,主機位元設為0,由左(network; 1)至右(host; 0),不會出現1、0交錯。
  • 網域位置(network address):進行網域(Network Domain)辨識用的,將主機(host)位元值全設為0。
  • 廣播位置(boardcast address):對某網域所有節點(node)執行廣播運用的位置,將主機(host)位元值全設為0。
  • 主機位置(host ip):原本網域經過network mask後的位置 (=network address)。
  • host ip range:從網域位置+1到廣播位置-1。

例題1:1.2.3.129/25,請問這個IP位址所在的網路位址為何?所在的網路廣播位址為何?所在的網路IP address Range?Network Mask?

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網路切割

例題2:請把192.168.100.0/16這個網路切割成4個子網路,請問切割後每個子網路位址、廣播位址、network mask、可用IP範圍為何?

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網路合併

例題3:請把192.168.100.0/24和192.168.101.0/24、192.168.102.0/24、192.168.103.0/24合併,請問合併後的網路位址、廣播位址、network mask、可用IP範圍為何?

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網路規劃

例題4:在200.100.0.0 網域下,以CIDR 進行網域分配,若200.100.2.0~200.100.5.0,200.100.10.0~200.100.11.0 已經用去,公司甲、乙、丙、丁分别需要1000、2000、100、500 個網點,請填寫各公司IP 位址範圍、網域位址、廣播位址、network mask,位址分配盡量往前安排為原則。

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私人IP

  • 哪些是私人IP?
net IP
A類 10.0.0.0~10.255.255.255
B類 172.16.0.0~172.31.255.255
C類 192.168.0.0~192.168.255.255