---
# System prepended metadata

title: 攻擊與防禦 HW4
tags: [攻擊與防禦]

---

# 攻擊與防禦 HW4
###### tags: `攻擊與防禦`

## 1) Take a screenshot after executing the spectre-cli ping module with at least one infected port.

![](https://i.imgur.com/zvgbxsv.png)

## 2) The rootkit creates the fake ***AFD*** driver and replace the ***MajorFunction*** array to point to the hook functions.

### 2-1) Simply Explain "IRP Major Function".

The **IRP** (I/O request packet) is a kernel mode data structure that describes an I/O request. It is used for WDM, Windows device drivers and the OS to communiate with each other via I/O.

When the kernel creates an IRP, an associated data structure **IO_STACK_LOCATION** is generated and is bound to the IRP.

The **MajorFunction** is a field of IO_STACK_LOCATION, which tells driver which operation should be done to meet the I/O request. The MajorFunction has the format `IRP_MJ_XXX`.

### 2-2)

![](https://i.imgur.com/6WWCErr.png)


### 2-3) Disable test mode and generate another image. Use Volatility to show the MajorFunction array of AFD. Take a screenshot of your result.

![](https://i.imgur.com/D5xX4n8.png)
