---
# System prepended metadata

title: Day 2 EN course 2024
tags: [EN course 2024]

---

# Day 2 EN course 2024

## Homework

### Exercise Capitals
1. Mandy threw the apple sauce out of the window, right onto Matt’s head.
2. Belgium and France fought over who would host the Olympic Games.
3. Noah landed his ark on Mount Sinai when the flood waters receded.
4. Mr.Jones visited doctor Barnsley on Wednesday.
5. Coronation Street and Eastenders are shown on tv every day.


- [X] Queen Elizabeth
Captain Jean-Luc Picard

Titles of specific persons!
Not specific -> lower case! We had a queen and now we have a king.

Hogwarts School
Buckingham Palace
*darkest* Peru - it gives an idea of a place, adjective
Stratford upon Avon -> Stratford-upon-Avon
Ten Downing Street, Ten with T because it's a very important place
Bag End, Hobbiton
221b Baker Street - if part of the name then a capital: I live in the road called Wellington Road.
the White House, 
Starship Enterprise
The Rovers Return, we made an appointment in 'The Rovers Return' if the name of the pub is The Rovers Return. If it were 'Rovers Return' then it would be we made an appointment in the 'Rovers Return'.


Cipher (code) - Number; cipher is used specific contexts: programming, hidding the content, cryptography

1. The man bought the newspaper he was an avid reader of the Sun.
2. Jill ran up the hill with **Jack. They** needed to fetch a pail of water.
3. The must-see film of the year is the new Spiderman movie it stars Tobey McGuire.
4. On Wednesday and Thursday I am travelling to Russia on the Orient Express.
5. Will Young won the first ever Pop Idol competition. Pete Waterman was a Judge.
6. Manchester United have won my trophies.
7. The Beatles claimed they were more famous than god.
8. The great wall of China was built by Shih Huang Ti. His title was First Emperor of China.
9. The **Mediterranean Sea** is a favourite holiday destination for British tourists.
10. In 1989 a war broke out between the British and the Boers in South Africa.

- [X] 2: Could a colon do too? Expanding on the first part
 > No, but if it were : Jill went up the hill with Jack: they needed to fetch a pail of water. Or: Jill ran up the hill with Jack: they quickly needed to fetch a pail of water. In both situations the second sentence explains the first.
- [X] 9: both? A mediterranean sea, technically yes, but there is not a mediterranean sea there is only the Mediterranean Sea.

#### Commas
A) Add the necessary commas to the sentences
1. Being first to arrive, he sat down in the front row.
2. Having washed her face, she brushed her hair.
3. Frightened by the tremendous explosion, the soldiers bolted to their dug-out.
4. Exhausted after the cross-country competition, they lay down to rest. 
5. Leaping the fence, she raced across the fields to her home.
6. Dr. Brookes and Mrs. Johnson, the receptionist, are doing a sponsored run.
7. Served with milk and sugar, cornflakes are a great breakfast.
8. Bruce told her to be quiet, but she started to growl.
9. Tom began to sing, and I decided to study on my own.
10. I like bacon, eggs, sausage, fried toast and orange juice for my breakfast.

- [x] 6. Dr -> Dr.? Am. english more likely to use the full stop.

1. Roald Dahl, who died a few years ago, wrote many books for children.
2. History, one of my favourite subjects, it is about how people used to live.
3. Mr Joyce, our headteacher, came to our school in September 1997.
4. Mount Everest, the highest mountain in the world, is in Nepal.

### Exclamation marks
1. Football match. Dutch fans are always loud!
2. Fire in a house. Get a bucket of water! Before it's too late!
3. Accident. Turn right!, turn right!!, turn ...
4. In deep water. Screech "I can't touch the bottom!"
5. Surprise party. "Happy Birthday to you! Happy..."
6. A mouse under your chair. 'Waaaaahhhh!!!!'
7. Seeing a beautiful sight. "OMG!, is this beautiful!"
8. Going into battle. "Let's kick their asses!"
9. The Olympics.
10. Seeing a ghost.

"What the f_ck are you doing???!!!"

### Colon works

- [x] corrected forms 1
Joanna’s three brothers are called Paul, Dean and Pete.
Paul didn’t know whether to eat pizza, burger or pasta.

a) Joanna was only allowed to invite three people to her party: Harriet, Paula and Bethany.
b) Daniel was scared of many things: ghosts, spiders and clowns.
c) Gareth Southgate selected his best team: Sterling, Cahill and Kane.

#### Explain which of these sentences is correct and why.
a) The pasta dish contains tomatoes, peppers and cheese. INSTEAD OF The pasta dish contains: tomatoes, peppers and cheese.
- [x] The first sentence is not a full sentence on its own
OR
b) The pasta dish contains three ingredients: tomatoes, peppers and cheese.
- [x] Correct The second sentence is an expansion of the first correct sentence. - To start a list is the correct explanation.

### Question marks
B) Write interesting, original questions that could give these answers.
1. Definitely, springtime. "In which season do women wear the most attractive skirts, not to say 'the hottest'?"
2. The Lake District.
3. He was caught taking bets on how many runs he was going to make. 
4. They were given a life sentence and they both deserved it. "What, again, was the verdict of the judge in the case of Marc Dutreau and his wife."
5. My aunt. "Whom should I call 'mother'?"

C) Add short questions appropriate to the following statements.
1. You are going to be late, ______________________?
2. He is from Germany, _________________________?
3. You’re not serious, ___________________________?
4. The weather’s terrible, ________________________? 5. It can’t happen, _______________________________?

### Exercise Matching
Get wound up - 3. Cambridge: to be, or get, in a very excited or anxious state / Get angry about st 
Get out of - 2 Avoid st you don’t want to do
Get off lightly - 5. Cambridge: to escape or be allowed to go without severe punishment etc / To experience less suffering than expected

Get over - 4 Recover from
Get away with - 5 Cambridge: to succeed in avoiding punishment for something / Luckily taken from the duty or effect of one’s action? / NOT A MATCH
Get through to - 6 Be understood by so / successfully explain
Get up to - 7 do 
Get on with - 8 Have a good relationship
Get at - 9 Picking on someone / criticise so repeatedly
Get rid of - 10 Make go away st unwanted

1 Be successful in something -> ?????!!!!!!

### Exercise Gap fill
get rid of - 2
get through to - 6
get off lightly - 1 
get out of - 5 got
get away with - 3 got
get up to - 7
get on with - 9
get over - 4 got
get wound up - 8

- [x] two meaning get wound up? No, it includes getting angry , getting anxious

### Phrasal Verb application

They **called off** next Friday’s meeting because one of their customers **turned down** their offer.

Before the customer **turned it down**, they had looked into the prospectus and they seem to have **run out of** options to finance the offer wisely.

A young developer **called on** the management to bring up alternative prospects for the project because he fears this situation could **bring down** the whole company.

The only idea they could **come up with** was to **take our customer out for** dinner!

## Instruction by William

A newspaper article, 'From joint accounts to wealthier friends - why is money so hard to talk about?' to practice punctuation, with the punctuation and capital letters removed (but capitals left in at the beginning of the paragraphs), and with the fully punctuated version. 
[In this message, you can see that I have put a comma after the bracket before the word 'and' (...paragraphs), and...). The sentence seems too long and complicated if I do not separate the final phrase from the rest.]

A small exercise on colons, with the answers.

A set of exercises, from Wellington School, on punctuation.

The worksheet from this morning on 'business phrasal verbs'.

British Council exercise on phrasal verbs with 'get'.

Also attached are two vocabulary lists: English test for schools (84669-vocabulary-list annotated phr v), and Business English (22099-vocabulary-list.pdf). In both of these, phrasal verbs are indicated by the abbreviation phr v. I have highlighted the phrasal verbs in the English test vocabulary but not in the Business English vocabulary. There may be some phrasal verbs you do not know. 


## Punctuation and Phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs types, numbered differently from mine but the same explanations:

https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/course/intermediate/unit-21/session-2/activity-1

https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/intermediate/unit-21/tab/grammar


## English Vocabulary site - searchable by language level, parts of speech. Also gives American English
http://englishprofile.org/wordlists/evp

Cambridge Dictionary - absolutely essential. Gives Brit and American spelling, pronunciation, connections between words and concepts, grammar...
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/


## Punctuation
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/GRAMMAR/british-grammar/punctuation

https://www.grammar-monster.com/punctuation_lessons.htm
### Colons
We use colons to:
- introduce lists
- indicate a subtitle or to indicate a subdivision of a topic
- introduce direct speech
- explain or justify the preceding sentence in the second sentence

### Semicolons
To separate two main clauses. In such cases, the clauses are related in meaning but are separated grammatically.
> Spanish is spoken throughout South America; in Brazil the main language is Portuguese.

:::info
Semi-colons are not commonly used in contemporary English
:::

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/z6w6cqt - z9syn9q

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/apr/04/france.britishidentity

### Comma
We use commas to show that **direct speech** is following or has just occurred:

He said in his opening speech, ‘Now is the time to plan for the future.’ (or He said in his opening speech: ‘Now is the time to plan for the future.’)

When the direct speech is first, we use a comma ***before the closing of the quotation marks***:

‘We don’t want to go on holiday to the same place every year,’ he said impatiently.

#### Placing
If the reported clause comes first, we put the comma **inside** the inverted commas:

“I couldn’t sleep last night,” he said.

Rita said, ‘I don’t need you any more.’

If the direct speech is a **question or exclamation**, we use a question mark or exclamation mark, not a comma:

‘Is there a reason for this?’ she asked.

“I hate you!” he shouted.

We sometimes use a **colon (:)** between the reporting clause and the reported clause when the reporting **clause is first**:

The officer replied: ‘It is not possible to see the General. He’s busy.’

