# Module 2
## Datatypes and operatord in Python

1. Comments
2. Docstrings
3. Built-in-data types
4. Sequences
5. Sets
6. Literals
7. User defined data types

1. Basic Operators
2. Membership Operators
3. Operator precedence and associativity
4. Output & Input statements
5. Command line statement
6. Control Statement
## Types of comments
1. Single line comments

#Comment

2. Multi line comments

#using
#multiple
#hashtags

or

''' or using 
triple quotes'''

## Datatypes in Python
1. Built-in Datatypes:
1. None Type
2. Numeric Type
1. Int
2. Float
3. Complex
3. Sequence
1. str
2. bytes
3. bytearray
4. list
5. tuple
6. range

4. Sets
5. Mapping

## Built in list methods
assuming we have list1 and list2
| Method | Description |
| ------------- | ------------- |
| cmp(list1, list2) |it compares the elements of the lists|
| len(list1) | it would tell you about the length of the list |
|max(list1)|it would tell you about the item with largest value or the last item in alphabatical order|
|min(list1)|it would tell you about the item with smallest value or the first item in alphabatical order|
|list(tupple)|tupple is converted to list|
|list.append(item)|item is added to the end of the list|
|list.count(item)|counts the number of the item in our list|
|list1.extend(list2)|list2 will be added to list1 making a new list and saving it as list1|
|list.index(item)|tells you about the position of the item in our list |
|list.insert(index,item)|inserts the item on the corresponding index number in our list|
|list.pop(index)|item at the following index will be removed |
|list.pop()|the last item of the list will be removed|
|list.reverse()|the list will be saved in reverse order|
|list.remove(item)|the following item will be removed from the list|
|list.remove()|would give you error as the item needs to be mentioned|
|list.sort()|sorts the list alphabatically or ascending |
|x = sum(list)|integers in the list are added and sum is returned if list has strings then "AttributeError"|
|list.clear()|deletes all the items in the list|

# Datatypes in Python

## 1. Basic operator
### Arithmetic Operators

1. '+' Additition
2. '-' Subtraction
3. '*' Multiplication
4. '/' Division
5. '**' Exponent
6. '//' Floor division

### Assignment Operator
1. '=' Equal to
2. '+=' z+=x -> z = z + x
3. '-=' z-=x -> z = z - x
4. '*=' z*=x -> z = z * x
5. '/=' z/=x -> z = z / x
6. Similarly for ** (Exponential)
7. '//=' z//=x -> z = z // x

### Unary Operator

add a '-' negative sign to make a positive number negative and vice versa

### Relational Operator
this operator would check the condition and give us True or False
1. '>' a>b = a is greater than b
2. '<' a<b = a is less than b
3. '>=' a>=b = a is greater than or equal to b
4. '<=' a<=b = a is less than or equal to b
5. '==' a == b = a is equal to b
6. '=!' a != b = a is not equal to b

### Bitwise Operator

1. Bitwise Complement Operator (~) : NOT Gate
2. Bitwise AND Operator (&) : AND Gate
3. Bitwise OR Operator (|) : OR Gate
4. Bitwise XOR Operator (^) : XOR Gate
5. Bitwise left shift operator (<<): Shifts binary to the left and fills empty space with 0
6. Bitwise left shift operator (>>): Shifts binary to the right and fills empty space with 0

### Logical Operators
1. 'and' : x and y = If x is False (0) it returns x otherwise it returns y
2. 'or' : x or y = If x is False (0) it returns y otherwise it returns x
3. 'not : not x = if x is 0 it returns True otherwise False
### Boolean Operators

1. 'and' : And operation of the condition and gives us boolean value
2. 'or' : Or operation of the condition and gives us boolean value
3. 'not : does not operation of the boolean value

### Membership Operators
1. 'in'
2. 'not in'

used in loops eg:

name = [ yash , sejal , manan]
for name in names:
   print(name)

output:
yash
sejal
manan

### Identify Operators
1. 'is'
2. 'not is'

similar to == and != operator

## Mathematical Functions
### Functions:
1. ceil(x): raises x to the next integer
2. floor(x): decreases x to the previous integer
3. degrees(x): converts x into degree
4. radians(x): converts x into radian
5. sin(x)
6. cos(x)
7. tan(x)
8. exp(x)
9. fabs(x): mod value of x
10. factorial(x)
11. fmod(x,y): returns x%y for floats
12. fsum(values): sum for floats
13. modf(x): returns integer part and decimal part of x seperately
14. log10(x)
15. log(x,base)
16. sqrt(x)
17. gcd(x,y)
18. trunc(x): round off of towards 0
19. isinf(x): if x is +/- infinity True is returned
20. isnan(x): if x is Not An Number True is returned

### Constants:
1. pi
2. e
3. inf
4. nan