# [2024] SIWP2005 Object-Oriented Programming
> <img width="20" height="20" src="https://img.icons8.com/fluency/48/writer-male.png" alt="writer-male"/> *Hendrik Tampubolon*
> <img width="20" height="20" src="https://img.icons8.com/nolan/64/new-post.png" alt="new-post"/> <a href="mailto:hendrik.gian@gmail.com">Reach Me!</a>
> Draft Version 1.0
> Noted: This Docs version will updated soon.
## Overview
> "Effective software development begins with a robust design. Object-oriented design serves as a blueprint for developers to conceptualize applications before writing any code, facilitating the breakdown of ideas into reusability and mantainable code which through **F**unctionality, **U**sability,**R**eliability, **P**erformances, and **S**upportability **(FURPS)** analysis. This course is dedicated to mastering the foundational principles of object-oriented design, delivered in an engaging and interactive manner to accelerate your learning process. This Course (SIWP2005) will cover an introduction to OOP Princples including objects, classes, *Abstraction, Polymorphism, Inheritance,and Encapsulation* **(APIE)**. Beside, a practical hand-on will be introduced in Python & Javascript. In addition, FURPS requirements and analysis will be delivered with *Universal Modeling Language(**UML**)* such as use cases diagram and class diagram.
## Learning Objectives
- understanding the idea of object-oriented programming design and its terminology
- understanding on how to implement OOP in python
- able to build your own python package
- able to develop endpoint REST API
## SIWP2005_PBO Course Roadmaps
```mermaid
gantt
title Roadmaps
dateFormat YYYY-MM-DD
Section Part I
Object-Oriented Fundamentals :a1, 2024-02-15, 40d
Section Part II
Practical OOP with Python :b1, 2024-02-29, 59d
Section Mid-Term Exam
UTS :ut, 2024-04-25, 1d
Section Part III
Build Python Package Project :c1, 2024-04-25, 35d
Section Part IV
Build REST API Endpoint with Flask :d1, 2024-04-25, 49d
Section Final Project
UAS :us, 2024-06-14, 1d
```
## Part I Object-Oriented Fundamentals
```mermaid
journey
title Part I: Object-Oriented Fundamentals
section Object-Oriented Fundamentals
Object-oriented Thinking: 5: Learning
Objects: 3: Learning
Classes: 3: Learning
Instance Methods & Attributes: 3: Learning
Class Methods & Members: 3: Learning
APIE: 4: Learning
Analysis & Design :4: Learning
UML: 3: Learning
```
### Object-Oriented Thinking
> seeing everything is an object
***Fun fact
> Did you know that everything in Python is an object?
> Indeed!, all data types, structures, functions and classes are treated as objects. event Null, None is a type of object. Hence, makes it very flexible
### Objects and Classes
- Classes:
- one of the building-blocks of Object-Oriented Programming that acts as a ***Blueprint*** where the *data* and the *actions* of the *objects* are defined
- Instance:
- a concrete object that is created from the class ***Blueprint***
- Methods:
- an “action” defined in the class that the instances of
the class can perform.
- Object:
- a concrete instance of a class stored in memory
- More about Methods, Attributes, and Members
| Term | Decription |
|--------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Class | Prototipe yang ditentukan pengguna untuk objek yang mendefinisikan seperangkat atribut yang menjadi ciri objek kelas apa pun. Atribut adalah data anggota (variabel kelas dan variabel contoh) dan metode, diakses melalui notasi titik. |
| Class variable | Sebuah variabel yang dibagi oleh semua contoh kelas. Variabel kelas didefinisikan dalam kelas tapi di luar metode kelas manapun. Variabel kelas tidak digunakan sesering variabel contoh. |
| Data member | Variabel kelas atau variabel contoh yang menyimpan data yang terkait dengan kelas dan objeknya. |
| Function overloading | Penugasan lebih dari satu perilaku ke fungsi tertentu. Operasi yang dilakukan bervariasi menurut jenis objek atau argumen yang terlibat. |
| Instance variable | Variabel yang didefinisikan di dalam sebuah metode dan hanya dimiliki oleh instance kelas saat ini. |
| Inheritance | Pengalihan karakteristik kelas ke kelas lain yang berasal darinya. |
| Instance | Objek individu dari kelas tertentu. Obyek obj yang termasuk dalam Lingkaran kelas, misalnya, adalah turunan dari Lingkaran kelas. |
| Instantiation | Penciptaan sebuah instance dari sebuah kelas. |
| Method | Jenis fungsi khusus yang didefinisikan dalam definisi kelas. |
| Object | Contoh unik dari struktur data yang didefinisikan oleh kelasnya. Objek terdiri dari kedua anggota data (variabel kelas dan variabel contoh) dan metode. |
| Operator overloading | Penugasan lebih dari satu fungsi ke operator tertentu. |
### The Fourth of APIE Components
>
```mermaid
mindmap
APIE
Abstraction
Key Points
Focuses on the 'what' rather than the 'how'
Allows users to interact with objects without needing to understand their internal complexities
Polymorphism
Key Points
Enables methods to do different things based on the object that they are acting upon.
Enhances code reusability and flexibility
Inheritance
Key Points
Establishes an "is-a" relationship between classes
Subclasses can extend or override behavior of the superclass
Encapsulation
Key Points
Protects data from unauthorized access
Enhances maintainability by localizing changes
```
### FURPS Analysis and Design
> FURPS is crucial step when developed a well-structured, reusable, and maintainable software into end product.
```mermaid
mindmap
FURPS
Functionality
Capability
Reusability
Security
Usability
Human Factors
Consistency
Documentation
Reliability
Availability
Failure Rate & Duration
Predictability
Performance
Speed
Efficiency
Resource Consumption
Scalability
Supportability
Testability
Extensibility
Serviceability
Configurability
```
### Converted all into Use Case and Class Diagram with UML
> In this section, we only cover a short introduction to UML, how to prepare requirement analysis, provide a simple use case diagram, then translate it into Class Diagram.
- Use Case Diagram
- Class Diagram
## Part II: Practical OOP with Python
```mermaid
journey
title Hands-on
section Object-Oriented Programing in Python
Revisited Python Data Types: 3: Coding
Class and Object: 3: Coding
Abstraction: 3: Coding
Polymorhpism: 3: Coding
Inheritance: 3: Coding
Encapsulation: 3: Coding
Memory Handling: 3: Coding
```
### Revisited Python Data Types
- Integers (int): Used for whole numbers.
```python!
x = 10
print(x)
print(type(x))
```
- Floating Point Numbers (float): Used for decimal numbers.
```python
y = 10.5
print(y)
print(type(y))
```
- Strings (str): Used for sequences of characters.
```python
name = "Katerine"
print(name)
print(type(name))
```
- Booleans (bool): Used for true/false values.
```python
is_active = True
print(is_active)
print(type(is_active))
```
- Lists: Used for ordered sequences of values.
```python
courses = ["OOP", "Intro to Programing", "Data Structure", "Data Science"]
print(courses)
print(type(courses))
```
- Tuples: Similar to lists, but immutable.
```python
coordinates = (10, 20)
print(coordinates)
print(type(coordinates))
```
- Sets: Used for unordered collections of unique elements.
```python
unique_numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}
print(unique_numbers) # Duplicates will be removed
print(type(unique_numbers))
```
- Dictionaries (dict): Used for unordered collections of key-value pairs.
```python
siswa = {"nama": "KATHERIN", "nim": 4x2023xxx, "enrolled": siwp2005}
print(siswa)
print(type(siswa))
```
### Revisited Class, Objects, Instance, Methods
### APIE
- Abstraction
- Polymorphism
- Inheritance
- Encapsulation
> Note:
> HW#1 and HW2 will be posted on UVC, stay tuned!
## From Mid-Term ~ Final Project
## Part III: Build Your Very First Python Package
```mermaid
journey
title Build Your Very First Python Package
section Build Your Very First Python Package
Step 1 FURPS Analysis Plan Your Package : 3: Coding
Step 2 Creating the package structure : 3: Coding
Step 3 Creating test directory : 3: Coding
Step 4 Setup : 3: Coding
Step 5 Build & Distribute Your Package : 3: Coding
Step 6 Creating Docs & README.md : 3: Coding
```
> HW#3 will be posted on UVC, stay tuned!
## Part IV: Build REST API Endpoint with Flask
```mermaid
journey
title Build REST API Endpoint with Flask
section Flask Framework at the glances
Environmet-Setup-Prerequisite : 3: Coding
Quick Start : 3: Coding
Modular-Object-Class : 3: Coding
DB : 3: Coding
REST API : 3: Coding
```
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