{%hackmd C-_zW0vxSXSSsOkJHknc8g %} # Rust 的奇幻旅程 <br> ## 一切就是從這裡開始的 [TOC] ---- Made by FanRende (030Mortal#5525) <img src="https://i.imgur.com/p6FrmOj.png" width="40%"> --- ## 開發環境 在 Arch Linux 的一個 distribution Manjaro 上開發 Local 時使用 VSCode 及 terminal Remote 時使用 [Code Server](https://github.com/coder/code-server) 搭配 ssh forward local port --- ## 參考教學 - [The Rust Programming Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/) - [非官方翻譯](https://rust-lang.tw/book-tw) --- ## Install Rustup ```shell $ curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh ``` ---- ### This will also install - `rustc`: Rust 的編譯器 - `rustup`: Rust、Cargo 的版本管理工具 - `rust-gdb`: GDB for Rust - `rust-gdbgui`: GUI GDB - `rust-lldb`: LLVM Debugger for Rust - `rustfmt`: Rust 官方的 formatter - `rustdoc`: Document 的生成工具 - 前提是要有寫正確的註解 --- ## Hello World ```rust // main.rs fn main() { println!("Hello, world!"); } ``` ```shell $ rustc main.rs $ ./main Hello, world! ``` --- ## Hello Cargo <div class="flex-container"> <div class="flex-content"> ```shell $ cargo new hello_cargo ``` ```shell $ tree hello_cargo hello_cargo ├── Cargo.lock ├── Cargo.toml ├── .git └── ... ├── .gitignore └── src └── main.rs ``` </div> <div class="flex-content"> ```toml # Cargo.toml [package] name = "hello_cargo" version = "0.1.0" edition = "2021" # See more ... [dependencies] ``` </div> </div> ---- ### Cargo commands - `cargo new`: 新建專案 - `cargo build` / `cargo b`: 建置專案 - `cargo run` / `cargo r`: 執行專案 - `cargo check` / `cargo c`: 建置但不產生執行檔 - `cargo clean`: 刪除 target 資料夾 - `cargo doc` / `cargo d`: 產生專案 Doc --- ## Guessing Game  ---- - Cargo 專案 - `use std::io` - `stdin().read_line().except()` - immutable & mutable variable - library crate - random number generating - `use std::cmp::Ordering` - `match` expression - `loop` expression - `match` expression with return value ---- ### Immutable & mutable variable - 提高安全性及效率 - 共享記憶體導致的錯誤 - 減少 side effect - concept from functional programming - 不完全禁止 Mutable variable 以提供彈性 ---- ### Library crate - 封裝及分享程式碼 - 可以被其他 Rust 程式引用 - 類似 python 中的 module - 可以被上傳到 crate.io 等 public registry ---- ### `match` expression - 用來比對數值 - 由多個 pattern arm 組成 - 當數值符合 pattern 就會執行 arm - 一個數值可以匹配多個 pattern 進而執行多個 arm - 順序會影響執行結果 - e.g. ```rust match guess.cmp(&secret_number) { Ordering::Less => println!("Too small!"), Ordering::Greater => println!("Too big!"), Ordering::Equal => println!("You win!"), } ``` ---- ### `match` expression with return value - match 可以用來在 pattern 匹配時回傳特定值 - e.g. ```rust let guess: u32 = match guess.trim().parse() { Ok(num) => num, Err(_) => continue, }; ``` --- 參考 / 延伸閱讀: - [學習 Rust](https://www.rust-lang.org/zh-TW/learn) - [The Rust Programming Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/) - ChatGPT <div class="flex-container"> <div class="flex-content"> </div> <div class="flex-content"> </div> </div> <style> .gray { color: gray; font-size: 0.5em; } .slides .rust { font-size: 0.75em !important; line-height: 1.2em !important; } .mermaid { background-color: rgba(1, 1, 1, .2) !important; } .slides code { background-color: #444 !important; border-radius: 10px; white-space : pre-wrap !important; padding-right: 0.1em; padding-left: 0.1em; } .code-wrapper code { background-color: inherit !important; border-radius: inherit; } .flex-container { display: flex; justify-content: center; } .flex-content { flex-grow: 1; } </style> <style> /* Customize website's scrollbar like Mac OS */ ::-webkit-scrollbar { -webkit-appearance: none; width: 7px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { border-radius: 4px; background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 1); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, .5); } </style>