###### tags: `reading`

# What is involved in interaction Design

## 9.1 Four approaches to interactive design, Saffer (2010)

- User-centered design
- the user is the only guide to the designer
- the designer's job is to translate users'needs and goals
- Activity-centered design
- behavior surrounding particular tasks
- Systems design
- a structured and holistic design approach
- good for complex problems
- system: people, computers, objects, devices
- Genius design
- rely on a single genius
- also called "rapid expert design"
- example: iPod -- did little user research

### Fundamental activities in designing
1. Understanding the requirements
2. Producing a design that satisfies the requirements
3. Evaluating the design

## 9.2 The value of prototyping

** **Prototyping can save lots of time and effort** **

### Importance of involving users
- Involving users when developing
- Developers can gain better understanding of users' goals
- Make sure the features are relevant to users

- Expectation management
- Make sure that users' expectations are realistic
- Make sure there are no surprses for users
- Don't overpromising/ misrepresent/ exaggerated

- Ownership
- Users who are involved feel they contribute and are more likely to feel a sense of ownership --> users would support its use

### Degrees of user involvement

- Strong involvement
- Keep involving in the development team for years
- If working for a small team/ develop internal tools
- Weak involvement
- Only informed through newwsletters
- If facing open market/ large amounts of potential users

- User involvement after a product is realeased
- Customer service
- Error reporting systems

### User-centered approach
- 3 principles would lead to a "useful and easy to use computer system" (Gould and Lewis, 1985)
- Early focus on users and tasks
- Study users' cognitive, behaviors, attitude
- Observing users doing normal tasks
- Study the nature of those tasks
- Involve users in the design process
- Empirical measurement
- observe, record, analyze data generated by interaction
- Iterative design
- design-test-measure-redesign interation

### 4 Basic activities of interaction design
- Establishing requirements
- Designing Alternatives
- suggest the ideas for meeting the requirements
- conceptual design
- outline what people can do with a product
- concepts that are needed to understand to interact with the product
- concrete design
- consider the details: menu, icon, color, sounds, image
- Prototyping
- produce an interactive product and let users to evaluate
- e.g. paper-based prototying
- Evaluating
- usability and acceptability

### Lifecycle model for interaction design

- Start by "Establishing Requirements"