# References

Agostino, D., Arnaboldi, M., & Lema, M. D. (2021). New development: COVID-19 as an accelerator of digital transformation in public service delivery. Public Money & Management, 41(1), 69–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2020.1764206
Amici di Piazza Paravia (n.d.). Facebook page of Piazza Paravia's urban commons. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/groups/2205425003010522
Amsler, L. B. (2010). Collaborative Governance: Emerging Practices and the Incomplete Legal Framework for Citizen and Stakeholder Voice.
Avis, W. R. (2016). Urban Governance. Birmingham, UK.
Baker, N. (2020). Enterprise Architecture Management within the German Online Access Act (Master thesis). K.U.Leuven., Leuven. Retrieved from http://depot.lias.be.kuleuven.ezproxy.kuleuven.be/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=FL14721786&dps_func=download
Bollier, D. (2009). A Neglected Sector of Wealth-Creation. Heinrich Böll Stiftung. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20130817103741/http://www.boell.org/downloads/Bollier_Commons.pdf
Buntinx, I., Crompvoets, J., Ho, S., Timm, C., & Wayumba, G. (2018). Deliverable 7.1: Governance and capacity development definition. (EU H2020 its4land project report).
Casa del Quartiere di San Salvario (n.d.). Laboratorio di idee per un quartiere in trasformazione. Retrieved from http://www.casadelquartiere.it/
Cavallerizza Irreale (2020). Cavallerizza Irreale | Facebook. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/cavallerizzairreale/
Proposta di collaborazione Piazza Paravia (2017).
Città di Torino (2019a). Patto di Collaborazione Paravia. Retrieved from http://www.comune.torino.it/benicomuni/bm~doc/patto-piazza-paravia-om.pdf
Città di Torino (2019b). Regulation on Governing the Urban Commons in the City of Turin. Retrieved from http://www.comune.torino.it/benicomuni/bm~doc/governo-dei-bcu_391.pdf
Città di Torino (2021). Proposte di collaborazione (Beni Comuni). Retrieved from http://www.comune.torino.it/benicomuni/patti_collaborazione/proposte_coll_patti/index.shtml
City of Naples (2018). URBACT III – 2nd chance: Integrating “urban commons” in the reactivation of vacant buildings and sites.
Commons Officer (2021a). Interview by H. Besso Oberto Huerta.
Commons Officer (2021b). Interview by H. Besso Oberto Huerta.
Dawes, S. S. (2009). Governance in the digital age: A research and action framework for an uncertain future. Government Information Quarterly, 26(2), 257–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2008.12.003
Dellenbaugh-Losse, M., Zimmermann, N.‑E., & Vries, N. de (2020). The Urban Commons Cookbook: Strategies and Insights for Creating and Maintaining Urban Commons. Berlin: Dellenbaugh-Losse, Mary. Retrieved from http://urbancommonscookbook.com/urbancommonscookbook.pdf
District Representative (2021). Interview by H. Besso Oberto Huerta. Online.
Dolley, J. (2019). Community Gardens as Third Places. https://doi.org/10.25904/1912/2154
Foster, S. (2012). Collective Action and the Urban Commons. Notre Dame Law Review, 87.
Foster, S., & Iaione, C. (2015). The City as a Commons. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2653084
Foulidis, A. (2013). Modeling of e-Government strategies. Πανεπιστήμιο Μακεδονίας. Retrieved from https://dspace.lib.uom.gr/handle/2159/15802
Gabryelczyk, R. (2020). Has COVID-19 Accelerated Digital Transformation? Initial Lessons Learned for Public Administrations. Information Systems Management, 37(4), 303–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/10580530.2020.1820633
Giles-Corti, B., Sallis, J. F., Sugiyama, T., Frank, L. D., Lowe, M., & Owen, N. (2015). Translating active living research into policy and practice: One important pathway to chronic disease prevention. Journal of Public Health Policy, 36(2), 231–243. https://doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2014.53
Google Maps (2020). Piazza Paravia: Google Maps. Retrieved from https://goo.gl/maps/RzCtXpqn3uo8cyyw7
Governo Italiano (2021). Covid-19, il Presidente Draghi firma il Dpcm 2 marzo 2021. Retrieved from https://www.governo.it/it/articolo/covid-19-il-presidente-draghi-firma-il-nuovo-dpcm/16343
Hess, C. (2008). Mapping the New Commons. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1356835
Iaione, C. (2015). GOVERNING THE URBAN COMMONS. Italian Journal of Public Law, 7(1). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christian-Iaione/publication/318393613_GOVERNING_THE_URBAN_COMMONS/links/5991833aaca272fedca7df21/GOVERNING-THE-URBAN-COMMONS.pdf
Iaione, C. (2016). The CO-City: Sharing, Collaborating, Cooperating, and Commoning in the City. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 75(2), 415–455. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajes.12145
Iaione, C., & Cannavò, P. (2015). The collaborative and polycentric governance of the urban and local commons. Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-collaborative-and-polycentric-governance-of-the-Iaione-Paola/23a5bc429c05682853c1e1e85668bb4cb14a6c09
Istat (2020). Popolazione residente al 1° gennaio: Piemonte. Retrieved from http://dati.istat.it/Index.aspx?QueryId=18540
Javed, B., Khan, Z., & McClatchey, R. (July 2017). Using a Model-driven Approach in Building a Provenance Framework for Tracking Policy-making Processes in Smart Cities. In B. C. Desai (Ed.), 21st International Database Engineering and Applications Symposium (pp. 66–73). New York: Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3105831.3105849
Jiang, H., Geertman, S., & Witte, P. (2020). Smart urban governance: An alternative to technocratic "smartness". GeoJournal, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-020-10326-w
Kioupkiolis, A. (2020a). The Common (Refiguring the Common and the Political No. ERC COG 2016).
Kioupkiolis, A. (2020b). The Political (Refiguring the Common and the Political No. ERC-COG-2016-724692). Retrieved from Aristotle University of Thessaloniki website: http://heteropolitics.net/
Kraemer, M., Ludlow, D., & Khan, Z. (2013). Domain-Specific Languages For Agile Urban Policy Modelling. In W. Rekdalsbakken, R. T. Bye, & H. Zhang (Eds.), Proceedings: 27th European Conference on Modelling and Simulation ECMS 2013, May 27th - 30th, Ålesund, Norway (pp. 673–680). [Germany?]: European Council for Modelling and Simulation. https://doi.org/10.7148/2013-0673
LabGov (2018). The Co-Cities Open Book. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20130817103741/http://www.boell.org/downloads/Bollier_Commons.pdf
Larsson, H., & Grönlund, Å. (2014). Future-oriented eGovernance: The sustainability concept in eGov research, and ways forward. Government Information Quarterly, 31(1), 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2013.07.004
Lember, V., Brandsen, T., & Tõnurist, P. (2019). The potential impacts of digital technologies on co-production and co-creation. Public Management Review, 21(11), 1665–1686. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2019.1619807
Loet Leydesdorff, & H. Etzkowitz (1998). The Triple Helix as a model for innovation studies. Science and Public Policy, 25, 195–203. Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-Triple-Helix-as-a-model-for-innovation-studies-Leydesdorff-Etzkowitz/2fcee7c90343c6d0c96ed069491db8c81b86da52
McBride, K., Aavik, G., Toots, M., Kalvet, T., & Krimmer, R. (2019). How does open government data driven co-creation occur? Six factors and a ‘perfect storm’; insights from Chicago's food inspection forecasting model. Government Information Quarterly, 36(1), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2018.11.006
McGinnis, M. D. (2016). Polycentric governance theory and practice: Dimensions of Aspiration and Practical Limitations.
McKinsey & Company (2020, October 5). How COVID-19 has pushed companies over the technology tipping point—and transformed business forever. McKinsey & Company. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/how-covid-19-has-pushed-companies-over-the-technology-tipping-point-and-transformed-business-forever
McKinsey Digital (2020). Europe’s digital migration during COVID-19: Getting past the broad trends and averages. McKinsey & Company. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/europes-digital-migration-during-covid-19-getting-past-the-broad-trends-and-averages
Mergel, I., Edelmann, N., & Haug, N. (2019). Defining digital transformation: Results from expert interviews. Government Information Quarterly, 36(4), 101385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.06.002
Mimi, L. (2003). Urban Regeneration Through Public Space: A Case Study in Squares in Dalian, China. University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Retrieved from https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/OWTU/TC-OWTU-304.pdf
Neighborhood House Rep (2021). Interview by H. Besso Oberto Huerta. Online.
The Open Group (2019). ArchiMate® 3.1 Specification. Retrieved from https://pubs.opengroup.org/architecture/archimate3-doc/chap04.html
Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Political economy of institutions and decisions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ostrom, E. (2010). Beyond Markets and States: Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems. American Economic Review, 100(3), 641–672. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.100.3.641
Ostrom, E., & Hess, C. (2007). Private and Common Property Rights. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1304699
Pablo, Z. D., & Pan, S. L. (Eds.) (2002). A multi-disciplinary analysis of e-governance: Where do we start. Tokyo, Japan. Retrieved from http://www.pacis-net.org/file/2002/105.pdf
Paravia's Commoner (2021). Interview by H. Besso Oberto Huerta. Online.
Pazaitis, A. (2020). Breaking the Chains of Open Innovation: Post-Blockchain and the Case of Sensorica. Information, 11(2), 104. https://doi.org/10.3390/info11020104
PIONEER (2018). MASTER OF SCIENCE IN PUBLIC SECTOR INNOVATION AND E-GOVERNANCE programme. Retrieved from https://pioneer-master.eu/information-systems-and-information-management-30-ects/
Più Spazio Quattro (n.d.a). Chi Siamo: Come nasce. Retrieved from http://www.piuspazioquattro.it/come-nasce/
Più Spazio Quattro (n.d.b). Servizi. Retrieved from http://www.piuspazioquattro.it/servizi/
Public Services International (2020). Lockdown pushes digitalisation through in Italian public services - PSI - The global union federation of workers in public services. Retrieved from https://publicservices.international/resources/news/lockdown-pushes-digitalisation-through-in-italian-public-services?id=10735&lang=en
Reiter, B. (2013). The Epistemology and Methodology of Exploratory Social Science Research: Crossing Popper with Marcuse (Government and International Affairs Faculty Publications No. 99). Retrieved from University of South Florida website: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gia_facpub/99
Riemer, K., Schellhammer, S., & Meinert, M. (2019). Collaboration in the Digital Age. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94487-6
Roberts, P. (Ed.) (2000). The Evolution, Definition and Purpose of Urban Regeneration (Second Edition): SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473921788.n2
Saad-Sulonen, J. (2012). The Role of the Creation and Sharing of Digital Media Content in Participatory E-Planning. International Journal of E-Planning Research (IJEPR), 1(2), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2012040101
Saad-Sulonen, J. (2013). Digital urban commons. Retrieved from http://co-p2p.mlog.taik.fi/2013/06/27/digital-urban-commons/
Schoenefeld, J. J. (2018). Evaluation in Polycentric Governance Systems: Climate Change Policy in the European Union (Doctoral Thesis). University of East Anglia. Retrieved from https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/69535/1/2018SchoenefeldJJPhD.pdf
Smith, I. (2004). Urban Regeneration in Europe. Cities, 21(3), 270–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2004.02.003
Ufficio Beni Comuni della Città di Torino (n.d.). Chi siamo (Beni Comuni). Retrieved from http://www.comune.torino.it/benicomuni/chi_siamo/index.shtml
UIA - Urban Innovative Actions (2018). The Co-City project Journal N° 3.
UIA - Urban Innovative Actions (2020). The Co-City project Journal N° 5. https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780190922481-0037
UIA - Urban Innovative Actions (2021). Co-city Journal 6: final steps of the Turin project. Retrieved from https://www.uia-initiative.eu/en/news/cocity-journal-6-final-steps-turin-project
UNESCO (2014). Torino | Creative Cities Network. Retrieved from https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/torino
Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi (2020). Co-Cities report: building a "Co-Cities Index" to measure the implementation of the EU and UN Urban Agenda, 1–71. Retrieved from https://labgov.city/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/Co-Cities_report_2020.pdf
URBACT (2021). CO4CITIES. Retrieved from https://urbact.eu/co4cities
Urban Innovative Actions (n.d.). Co-City - The collaborative management of urban commons to counteract poverty and socio-spatial polarisation. Retrieved from https://www.uia-initiative.eu/en/uia-cities/turin
Vesco, A. (2020). Case studies in Italy (Refiguring the Common and the Political No. ERC-COG-2016-724692).
Wikipedia (2021). Turin. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turin&oldid=1019151904
Yin, R. K. (Ed.) (2009). Case Study Research: Design and Methods (4th ed). Thousand Oaks, California 91320: SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.33524/cjar.v14i1.73
Yu, E., & Mylopoulos, J. (1998). Why Goal-Oriented requirements engineering. University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://www.cs.toronto.edu/pub/eric/REFSQ98.html
Z. Khan, D. Ludlow, W. Loibl, & K. Soomro (2014). ICT enabled participatory urban planning and policy development: The Urban API project. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 1–16. Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ICT-enabled-participatory-urban-planning-and-policy-Khan-Ludlow/4cb40f5d402a3d8e809fd57824d25b5bc1f6fa77