I will be focusing my efforts around light clients, because they are integral to trustless access to data on ethereum. To understand how to contribute meanfully to light client development, I first set out to learn the current state of affairs. I have been reading Ben Edgington's wonderful book Upgrading Ethereum.
The Altair Spec outlines the p2p interface for full nodes and light clients to interact. https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/tree/dev/specs/altair/light-client
Client teams have varied in their progress towards implementing the spec.
Lodestar: recently implemented the gossip topics serving the light client data and seem to be up to the spec I linked above.
https://github.com/ChainSafe/lodestar/commit/03034ff77c70faf63ca81eb09a96e04ecb1bb26e
Lighthouse: opened a tracking issue for implementing the light server portion of the spec about a week ago. https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/3651
Nimbus: implements a light server and light client.
Other projects have focused exclusively on the "client" side:
Implement a minimal light client in rust and help implement the light server spec for lighthouse. That being said, if someone thinks I could help elsewhere I am open to suggestions.
I am looking forward to working during this program. I have a lot of time to work at the moment, so I'm excited to contribute to this community that I've admired from afar for years.