`Cleartext HTTP traffic to 192.168.1.161 not permitted` error === ### 原因 在實作 **HttpURlConnection** 時，執行 `DataOutputStream` 發生跳出例外 **`Cleartext HTTP traffic to 192.168.1.161 not permitted`** ```java= URL url = new URL(apiUrl); HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); ... DataOutputStream os = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream()); ``` ### Solution #### 靜態: 只允許定義的 domain (192.168.1.161) 參考 [Option 2](https://stackoverflow.com/a/50834600) 的解法 EX：填入 server domain `192.168.1.161`，不須加上 port 否則依然會 error - create `network_security_config.xml` under `res/xml/` ```xml= <network-security-config> <domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true"> <domain includeSubdomains="true">192.168.1.161</domain> </domain-config> </network-security-config> ``` - `AndroidManifest.xml` ```xml= <application ... android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config"> ... </application> ``` #### 動態: 可允許不同 domain [參考](https://stackoverflow.com/a/51902630) ```xml= <application ... android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"> ... </application> ``` ## Ref. [Android 8: Cleartext HTTP traffic not permitted](https://stackoverflow.com/a/50834600) ###### tags: `系統環境`