# Lesson 2 Router, RESTful, Controller
[](https://hackmd.io/Bfy048sIQfWu9wZI6hYb3Q)
###### tags: `Laravel` `Router` `controller`
---
## Router
簡單的(closure)直接return
```php=
Route::get('foo', function () {
return 'Hello World';
});
```
比較少會這樣寫....
----
我們比較喜歡....
```php=
use App\Http\Controllers\UserController;
Route::get('/user', [UserController::class, 'index']);
```
因為還有牽扯到 `php artisan route:cache` 問題
[參考](https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/routing#the-default-route-files)
----
### Route Parameters
[參考](https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/routing#route-parameters)
```php=
Route::get('posts/{post}/comments/{comment}', function ($postId, $commentId) {
//
});
```
用 **{**變數**}** 放入變數
---
### [Route Groups](https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/routing#route-groups)
> Route groups allow you to share route attributes, such as middleware, across a large number of routes without needing to define those attributes on each individual route.
----
#### Middleware
```php=
Route::middleware(['first', 'second'])->group(function () {
Route::get('/', function () {
// Uses first & second middleware...
});
Route::get('user/profile', function () {
// Uses first & second middleware...
});
});
```
----
#### Route Prefixes
網址有共同的路徑
* /admin/users
* /admin/products
```php=
Route::prefix('admin')->group(function () {
Route::get('users', function () {
// Matches The "/admin/users" URL
});
Route::get('products', function () {
// Matches The "/admin/users" URL
});
});
```
---
## Controller
### [RESTful](https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/controllers#actions-handled-by-resource-controller)
`Representational state transfer `
----
#### get:
取資料，一般用於顯示，可用參數代資料，參數通常為可有可無的。
#### post
送資料，一用於新增資料，可以夾帶檔案(form-data)
----
#### put
整筆資料更新
#### patch
部分資料更新
#### delete
刪除資料用
----
### [HTTP Status Code](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status)
> **100** Informational responses (100–199),
**200** Successful responses (200–299),
**300** Redirects (300–399),
**400** Client errors (400–499),
**500** and Server errors (500–599).
---
## JSON(JavaScript Object Notation)
```json=
{
"key": "value"
}
{
"key": ["v", "a", "l", "u", "e"]
}
{
"key": {
"k": "value",
"e": "value",
"y": "value"
}
}
```
---
### Basic Controllers
#### Create Controller
```bash=
php artisan make:controller [Model]Controller
```
##### example
```bash=
php artisan make:controller UserController
```
----
```php=
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use App\Models\User;
class UserController extends Controller
{
/**
* Show the profile for the given user.
*
* @param int $id
* @return \Illuminate\View\View
*/
public function show($id)
{
return view('user.profile', ['user' => User::findOrFail($id)]);
}
}
```
----
#### Single Action Controllers
```bash=
php artisan make:controller ShowProfile --invokable
```
```php=
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use App\Models\User;
class ShowProfile extends Controller
{
/**
* Show the profile for the given user.
*
* @param int $id
* @return \Illuminate\View\View
*/
public function __invoke($id)
{
return view('user.profile', ['user' => User::findOrFail($id)]);
}
}
```
----
#### Resource Controllers
```bash=
php artisan make:controller PhotoController --resource
```
```php=
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
class PhotoController extends Controller
{
/**
* Display a listing of the resource.
*
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function index()
{
//
}
/**
* Show the form for creating a new resource.
*
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function create()
{
//
}
/**
* Store a newly created resource in storage.
*
* @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function store(Request $request)
{
//
}
/**
* Display the specified resource.
*
* @param int $id
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function show($id)
{
//
}
/**
* Show the form for editing the specified resource.
*
* @param int $id
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function edit($id)
{
//
}
/**
* Update the specified resource in storage.
*
* @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* @param int $id
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function update(Request $request, $id)
{
//
}
/**
* Remove the specified resource from storage.
*
* @param int $id
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function destroy($id)
{
//
}
}
```
#### Resource route
```php=
Route::resource('photos', PhotoController::class);
```
----
##### In Router
```php=
use App\Http\Controllers\ShowProfile;
Route::get('user/{id}', ShowProfile::class);
```
----
#### JSON Response
```php=
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use App\Models\User;
class ShowProfile extends Controller
{
/**
* Show the profile for the given user.
*
* @param int $id
* @return \Illuminate\View\View
*/
public function __invoke($id)
{
return response()->json([
"key" => 'value'
], 200);
}
}
```
---
## 作業
- [x] 1. 完成 案子的 router
- [x] 2. 完成 案子的 controller
## 讀書報告
- [ ] [request](https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/requests)
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