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# System prepended metadata

title: Biomedical engineering final exam prep

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# Biomedical engineering final exam prep

* B04901110
* 林冠宇


## Bioelectric phenomena

* Nernst potential:

* ![](https://i.imgur.com/cCOHMmB.png)
* ![](https://i.imgur.com/TchBXPI.png =200x80)
* ![](https://i.imgur.com/gRHRrkB.png)

* Na + ions tend to move into the cell
* K + ions tend to move out of the cell

* ![](https://i.imgur.com/v67TfK8.png)

* ![nerve](https://i.imgur.com/8eyV1oL.png)

* ![](https://i.imgur.com/AEHqRay.png)
* ![](https://i.imgur.com/IfoskYV.png)
* ![](https://i.imgur.com/wpB8txZ.png)

* Abnormal ECG examples
    * arrhythmias 心律失常
    * myocardial infarction 心肌梗塞
    * ventricular hypertrophy 心室肥大

* Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) 心電圖

* Electromyogram (EMG) 肌電圖
    * Non-invasive
    * Percutaneous

* Electroencephalogram (EEG) 腦電圖
    * Non-invasive electrode
    * Invasive electrode

## Biomedical optics

* Optical sensing: spectroscopy 光譜
    * Light-matter interaction
    * Absorption spectroscopy
    * Fluorescence spectroscopy
* Bio-imaging: microscopy
    * Fundamentals – geometrical optics
    * In vivo imaging – confocal microscopy
    * In vivo imaging – optical coherence tomography (OCT)

* ![](https://i.imgur.com/3TbRbGE.png)

* ![](https://i.imgur.com/DVlZTMt.png)

* ![](https://i.imgur.com/FoMe6X1.png)

* 癌症造成的組織變化
    * 上皮組織內變化： 細胞核肥大
    * angiogenesis
    * 膠原蛋白網路重組
    * fluorescense response

* ![](https://i.imgur.com/NZfjPnc.png) 

* ![](https://i.imgur.com/QQMoNF9.png)

* ![](https://i.imgur.com/TrzF78T.png)
    * Hemoglobin (Hb or Hgb) is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body.

* ![](https://i.imgur.com/vvPHDE4.png)

* ![](https://i.imgur.com/HsgVoo9.png)

* ![](https://i.imgur.com/JIIJLIH.png)

* ![](https://i.imgur.com/vEzoeXk.png)

* ![](https://i.imgur.com/go3XuPt.png)

* Confocal microscopy – introduction
    * Use a spatial filter to isolate signal only from a small focus within a thick sample

* Fiber-optic confocal
    * A single-mode optical fiber is used as the point source and the detection pinhole


## Introduction to Modeling in Cancer

* ![](https://i.imgur.com/dru92rI.png)

* Mathemetical models
    * Exponential:
    * Mendelsohn:
    * logistic
    * linear
    * surface
    * Gompertz
        * growth in size of entire organisms and more recently, was shown to provide the best fits for breast and lung cancer growth.
    * Bertalanffy
        * This model was shown to provide the best description of human tumor growth


