# Biomedical engineering final exam prep

* B04901110
* 林冠宇

## Bioelectric phenomena

* Nernst potential:

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* Na + ions tend to move into the cell
* K + ions tend to move out of the cell

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* Abnormal ECG examples
* arrhythmias 心律失常
* myocardial infarction 心肌梗塞
* ventricular hypertrophy 心室肥大

* Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) 心電圖

* Electromyogram (EMG) 肌電圖
* Non-invasive
* Percutaneous

* Electroencephalogram (EEG) 腦電圖
* Non-invasive electrode
* Invasive electrode

## Biomedical optics

* Optical sensing: spectroscopy 光譜
* Light-matter interaction
* Absorption spectroscopy
* Fluorescence spectroscopy
* Bio-imaging: microscopy
* Fundamentals – geometrical optics
* In vivo imaging – confocal microscopy
* In vivo imaging – optical coherence tomography (OCT)

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* 癌症造成的組織變化
* 上皮組織內變化： 細胞核肥大
* angiogenesis
* 膠原蛋白網路重組
* fluorescense response

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* Hemoglobin (Hb or Hgb) is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body.

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* Confocal microscopy – introduction
* Use a spatial filter to isolate signal only from a small focus within a thick sample

* Fiber-optic confocal
* A single-mode optical fiber is used as the point source and the detection pinhole

## Introduction to Modeling in Cancer

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* Mathemetical models
* Exponential:
* Mendelsohn:
* logistic
* linear
* surface
* Gompertz
* growth in size of entire organisms and more recently, was shown to provide the best fits for breast and lung cancer growth.
* Bertalanffy
* This model was shown to provide the best description of human tumor growth