---
# System prepended metadata

title: Git Cheatsheet
tags: [cheatsheet]

---

###### tags: `cheatsheet`
# Git Cheatsheet
## Basics
Terminal：
```
git init
```
```
git status
```
Add the modified file into staged file:
```
git add [FILE]
```
Turn the tracked file into staged file:

```
git commit -m "msg"
```
Shows the commit logs:
```
git log
```




## Remote Repository
Download remote repository to local repository:
```
git clone [Repository URL]
```
Add a new remote repository:
```
git remote add [remote-repo-name]
```
View remote branches:
```
git remote -v
```
Download others repository
```
git pull [remote-repo-name] master
```
Push the local repository to others remote repository or own remote repository
```
git push [remote-repo-name] master
```
## View previous commits
```
git checkout <commit-hash>
```
or
```
git checkout HEAD~<number>
```
This will lead to 'detached HEAD' state. We can simply switch back to master branch you were on before by
```
git switch master
```

or make a new branch and switch to it if we want to modify the file by

```
# Creates a new branch on the detached HEAD pointing commit, detached HEAD will be attached after this command.
git switch -c newbranch
```
## Undoing
**Update previous commit.**
```
git add [forgotten-file]
git commit --amend -m "Update message"
```
**Turn the staged file into modified file.**
```
git reset FILE
```
**Undo for specific commit.**
```
git reset <commit-hash>
```

or **undo for previous commit.**
```
git reset HEAD~1
```
The commits will be gone, but the **file content won't change**.

To **undo both the commits AND the actual changes in files**, use
```
# DANGER!!
git reset --hard <commit-hash>
```
This actually **moves the branch pointer backwards, eliminating commits**. Thus, the history are unable to retrieve. 

Since collaborators might have the previous commits on their local machines, use **git revert** instead to avoid the problem.
```
git revert <last commit-hash>
```
Revert the changes specified by the fourth last commit in HEAD and create a new commit with the reverted changes.
```
git revert HEAD~3
```
This will create a **brand new commit** which reverses/undos the changes from a commit. New commit message is required.