# When 的用法與各種時態的搭配 在英文中，"when" 這個詞常被用來引導時間的副詞子句，表達兩個事件發生的時間關係。在這篇文章中，我將逐步解說如何用 "when" 來搭配不同的時態，並以四個常見的動詞作為例子：**have to**、**go**、**call** 和 **arrive**。最後我會提供一個表格，方便你快速查閱各種時態的用法。 --- ### 1. **現在簡單式 (Present Simple)** 當我們使用現在簡單式時，通常是描述日常習慣或一般事實。這裡的 "when" 句子表示一個持續的情況或重複發生的事件。 #### **例句**： - **have to**: When I have to work late, I usually order takeout. - 當我需要加班時，我通常會點外賣。 - **go**: When she goes to the gym, she always takes a water bottle. - 當她去健身房時，她總是帶著一瓶水。 - **call**: When they call me, I usually answer right away. - 當他們打電話給我時，我通常會馬上接。 - **arrive**: When the train arrives, we can board immediately. - 當火車到達時，我們可以立即上車。 --- ### 2. **現在進行式 (Present Continuous)** 現在進行式表達正在發生的動作，"when" 句子可以描述一個較短的時間範圍內發生的事情。 #### **例句**： - **have to**: When I am having to deal with a lot of tasks, I take a break. - 當我正在處理很多任務時，我會休息一下。 - **go**: When she is going to the store, she picks up some snacks. - 當她正要去商店時，她會順便買點零食。 - **call**: When they are calling me, I am usually busy. - 當他們正在打電話給我時，我通常很忙。 - **arrive**: When the guests are arriving, make sure to greet them. - 當客人到達時，請確保迎接他們。 --- ### 3. **過去簡單式 (Past Simple)** 過去簡單式通常用來描述已經發生的事情。當使用 "when" 來引導副詞子句時，表示一個特定時間點或情境。 #### **例句**： - **have to**: When I had to travel for work, I always missed my family. - 當我必須出差時，我總是想念我的家人。 - **go**: When she went to school, she forgot her homework. - 當她去學校時，她忘了帶作業。 - **call**: When they called me, I didn't hear the phone. - 當他們打電話給我時，我沒聽到電話。 - **arrive**: When the plane arrived, we had already left the airport. - 當飛機到達時，我們已經離開了機場。 --- ### 4. **過去進行式 (Past Continuous)** 過去進行式用來描述過去某個時間點正在進行的動作。這裡的 "when" 表示另一個事件發生時，正在進行的動作。 #### **例句**： - **have to**: When I was having to manage two projects, I became very stressed. - 當我必須同時管理兩個專案時，我壓力很大。 - **go**: When she was going to the library, she met an old friend. - 當她正要去圖書館時，她遇到了老朋友。 - **call**: When they were calling, I was having dinner. - 當他們打電話時，我正在吃晚餐。 - **arrive**: When the guests were arriving, we were still setting up the table. - 當客人到達時，我們還在佈置餐桌。 --- ### 5. **未來簡單式 (Future Simple)** 未來簡單式用來表達將要發生的事情。當使用 "when" 時，主句使用未來式，從句則使用現在式，表示未來的某個時間點。 #### **例句**： - **have to**: When I have to finish the project, I will need more time. - 當我需要完成這個專案時，我會需要更多的時間。 - **go**: When she goes to New York next week, she will visit the museum. - 當她下週去紐約時，她會參觀博物館。 - **call**: When they call me tomorrow, I will give them an update. - 當他們明天打電話給我時，我會給他們最新進展。 - **arrive**: When the package arrives, I will open it immediately. - 當包裹到達時，我會立刻打開。 --- ### 6. **未來進行式 (Future Continuous)** 未來進行式用來描述在未來某個時間點將正在進行的動作。 #### **例句**： - **have to**: When I will be having to work overtime, I won't be available for dinner. - 當我必須加班時，我無法參加晚餐。 - **go**: When she will be going to the concert, I will be finishing my assignment. - 當她去聽音樂會時，我將在完成我的作業。 - **call**: When they will be calling me tonight, I will be driving. - 當他們今晚打電話時，我會在開車。 - **arrive**: When the flight will be arriving, I will still be at work. - 當班機到達時，我還會在工作。 --- ### 7. **現在完成式 (Present Perfect)** 現在完成式用來表達從過去到現在的經驗或已經完成的動作。使用 "when" 時，通常指某件事情在過去某個時間點發生過。 #### **例句**： - **have to**: When I have had to make tough decisions, I always consult my team. - 當我必須做出艱難決策時，我總是諮詢我的團隊。 - **go**: When she has gone to Europe, she has always visited Paris. - 當她去歐洲時，她總是去巴黎。 - **call**: When they have called, I have always been busy. - 當他們打電話時，我總是很忙。 - **arrive**: When the guests have arrived, we have usually prepared everything. - 當客人到達時，我們通常已經準備好了一切。 --- ### 8. **過去完成式 (Past Perfect)** 過去完成式用來表達在另一個過去的動作之前已經完成的動作。當使用 "when" 時，表示某個事件在另一事件之前發生。 #### **例句**： - **have to**: When I had had to submit the report, I realized I made a mistake. - 當我必須提交報告時，我才發現我犯了錯。 - **go**: When she had gone to bed, the phone rang. - 當她已經上床睡覺時，電話響了。 - **call**: When they had called me, I had already left the house. - 當他們打電話給我時，我已經離開家了。 - **arrive**: When the train had arrived, we had already missed it. - 當火車到達時，我們已經錯過了。 --- ### 9. **未來完成式 (Future Perfect)** 未來完成式用來表達在未來某個時間點之前已經完成的動作。 #### **例句**： - **have to**: When I will have to submit the report, I will have already prepared all the data. - 當我需要提交報告時，我將已經準備好所有數據。 - **go**: When she will have gone to college, her younger sister will miss her a lot. - 當她上大學時，她的妹妹會非常想念她。 - **call**: When they will have called me, I will have finished my meeting. - 當他們打電話給我時，我將已經開完會了。 - **arrive**: When the plane will have arrived, I will have already been at the airport for hours. - 當飛機到達時，我已經在機場待了好幾個小時。 --- ### 表格總結 | 時態 | have to | go | call | arrive | |------------------|-----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|-------------------------------------| | 現在簡單式 | When I have to work... | When she goes to the gym... | When they call me... | When the train arrives... | | 現在進行式 | When I am having to deal... | When she is going to the store... | When they are calling me... | When the guests are arriving... | | 過去簡單式 | When I had to travel... | When she went to school... | When they called me... | When the plane arrived... | | 過去進行式 | When I was having to manage... | When she was going to the library...| When they were calling... | When the guests were arriving... | | 未來簡單式 | When I have to finish... | When she goes to New York... | When they call me... | When the package arrives... | | 未來進行式 | When I will be having to work... | When she will be going to the concert...| When they will be calling... | When the flight will be arriving... | | 現在完成式 | When I have had to make... | When she has gone to Europe... | When they have called... | When the guests have arrived... | | 過去完成式 | When I had had to submit... | When she had gone to bed... | When they had called me... | When the train had arrived... | | 未來完成式 | When I will have to submit... | When she will have gone to college...| When they will have called... | When the plane will have arrived... |