# 初探加密貨幣

## 簡介

中本聰 Satoshi Sakamoto

- 比特幣之父
- 2009

資料庫 vs 分散式帳本

區塊鏈

- Block
- Block ID == Hash
- Previous block hash
- Nonce
- Merkle root of transactions)
- Double spending
- Fork

比特幣

- 記錄交易
- 平均10分鐘出1個區塊

以太坊

- 紀錄狀態
- 智慧合約 (可以寫code)
- 可以更容易的發幣

交易所

DeFi

- Exchange
- Balancer
- Uniswap
- 1inch
- Lending
- Compound
- Farm
- Curve
- Zapper

2017.09.04 九四事件 / 九四禁令

中國禁止ICO、禁止貨幣交易所提供服務、禁止金融機構為貨幣交易所提供服務，導致火幣、幣安、OKex等交易所出海謀生。當時的BTC才4300USD。

2019.10

中國國家主席習近平講了一句話：「要把區塊鏈作為核心技術自主創新的重要突破口，加快推動區塊鏈技術和產業創新發展。」BTC 24小時內飆漲近40%，甚至一度站上1萬美元大關。

## NFT (Non-Fungible Token)

https://opensea.io
最大的NFT平台 支持多種鏈的NFT

https://rarible.com
與OpenSea一樣 支持多個鏈的NFT平台

https://www.oursong.com
KKBox成立的邀請制NFT平台

https://www.abmedia.io
鏈新聞

https://ultrasound.money
以太鏈燒幣統計

最近很熱門的NFT項目
https://www.larvalabs.com/cryptopunks
https://www.pudgypenguins.io
https://etherrock.com
https://axieinfinity.com/
https://www.cryptokitties.co/

要測試OpenSea的話可以使用這條測試鏈
Rinkeby testnet
https://faucet.rinkeby.io/

未來趨勢
Metaverse

ERC-721, ERC-1155
https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/standards/tokens/erc-721/
https://www.one37pm.com/nft/tech/erc-721-vs-erc-1155-nft-contract-what-to-use
https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/articles/10250623

Remix and OpenZeppelin
https://remix.ethereum.org/
https://openzeppelin.com/
https://www.frank.hk/blog/nft-smart-contract/

謝董發在測試鏈上的NFT
https://testnets.opensea.io/assets/0x144e00a0e93216d6e2f36987425f5f0b94aef121/2

謝董出場的Podcast
https://open.spotify.com/show/3belsSpylx0HvN6lw6Ej8t

https://vonnie610.medium.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-nfts-be2601d09cf5
https://www.theverge.com/2021/3/25/22349242/nft-metadata-explained-art-crypto-urls-links-ipfs
https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2021/02/23/its-an-nft-boom-do-you-know-where-your-digital-art-lives/

## 貨幣小百科

## NFT小百科

### CryptoPunk

2017 Larva Labs

8個Genesis Punks
1個擁有七項特徵 CryptoPunk 8348

### CryptoKitties

2018年1月24日 ERC-721 幾天過後問世

### Pudgy Penguins

8,888 penguins

2021.08.30 Penguin egg drop, the egg will open on Christmas Day.

### Bored Ape Yacht Club (BYAC)

10,000 apes

- 俱樂部
- 名人
- 版權

2021.08.28 10,000 Mutant Serum drop (including M1, M2, and 8 Mega Mutant (M3)).

## 合約小百科

EIP: Ethereum improvement proposals

1. Core
2. Networking
3. Interface
4. ERC

ERC: Ethereum request for comments

討論範圍為「應用程式層級的標準與協定」。

ERC-20

ERC-721

ERC-1155

### EIP-1559

2019.03的提案
2021.08.05實施

EIP-1559 goes live as part of the London Hard Fork at block 12,965,000.

`gasPrice` (for type 0 transactions) becomes `maxPriorityFeePerGas` (tip) and `maxFeePerGas` (for type 2 transactions).

Gas fee is composed of `baseFeePerGas`, `maxPriorityFeePerGas` and `maxFeePerGas`.

## 鏈

### Ethereum

#### Gas Fee

Determining the gas fee:

- If the last block was exactly 50% full, the Base Fee will remain unchanged.
- If the last block was 100% full, the Base Fee will increase by the maximum 12.5% for the next block.
- If the last block was more than 50% full but less than 100% full, the Base Fee will increase by less than 12.5%.
- If the last block was 0% full – that is, empty – the Base fee will decrease the maximum 12.5% for the next block.
- If the last block was more than 0% full but less than 50% full, the Base Fee will decrease by less than 12.5%

### 以太坊的擴容方案

常見的以太坊Layer 2:

- 狀態通道
- 側鏈
- Plasma
- Rollups

#### Matic Network

透過側鏈進行鏈下計算，使用Plasma框架與PoS

#### Polygon

由Matic Network重塑而成

### IPFS

### Filecoin

### 幣安鏈

目的是達成快速去中心化，DApp、幣安DEX，Trust Wallet

### 幣安智能鏈 Binance Smart Chain (BSC)

與幣安鏈並行的區塊鏈，擁有智能合約並且兼容EVM，PoSA (持有量授權證明)，參與者將BNB抵押變成驗證者，達成3秒區塊時間，且優點是手續費低，幣安團隊會定期銷毀BNB，因此供應量會隨著時間而減少。

PancakeSwap (CAKE): Uniswap
Venus: Compound, Aave
Autofarm: yearn
BurgerSwap
Spartan Protocol
Cream: 從ETH也跑來BSC上

BscScan

#### Squid Game (SQUID)

https://www.gvm.com.tw/article/83797

https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Gossiping/M.1635769105.A.0E2.html

### Solona (SOL)

DPoS (委託權益證明)，2秒區塊時間

PoH: 獨立的時間鏈
TowerBFT: 一種低延遲的拜占庭容錯演算法