---
# System prepended metadata

title: "\U0001F1EF\U0001F1F5 Japanese learning notes"

---

# 🇯🇵 Japanese learning notes 
Please notice that this article reflects my personal learning perspective and is not intended to be comprehensive.

<!-- 
	Commonly frogotten words table section
-->
## <div style="color: #bf76c4">Commonly frogotten words</div>
Words that I forgotten during practicing problems(mostly written in <ruby style="color:#c47690; font-weight:bold">片仮名<rt>カタカナ</rt></ruby>):
### <div style="color: #ad76c4">~ N3</div>

|日本語|意味|品詞|動詞の種類|
|-|-|-|-|
|まとめる|gather; summarize; consolidate|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">一段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>集<rt>あつ</rt>める</ruby>|collect; gather|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">一段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>埋<rt>う</rt>める</ruby>|fill in/up|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">一段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>含<rt>ふく</rt>める</ruby>|including|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">一段動詞</span>|
|がらがら|empty; rattling|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>／<span style="color:#B3A1FF">擬声詞</span>|-|
|のろのろ|slowly; sluggishly|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>／<span style="color:#B3A1FF">擬態語</span>|-|
|うろうろ|wandering; roaming|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>／<span style="color:#B3A1FF">擬態語</span>|-|
|そろそろ|gradually; soon|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>断<rt>ことわ</rt>る</ruby>|refuse; decline|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>散<rt>ち</rt>る</ruby>|scatter; fall (leaves)|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>枯<rt>か</rt>れる</ruby>|wither; dry up|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">一段動詞</span>|
|まちんと|properly; neatly|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>|-|
|しいんと|silently; quietly (completely silent)|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>／<span style="color:#B3A1FF">擬態語</span>|-|
|そっと|quietly; gently|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>詰<rt>つ</rt>める</ruby>|to stuff; to pack|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">一段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>包<rt>つつ</rt>む</ruby>|to wrap; to cover|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>積<rt>つ</rt>もる</ruby>|to pile up; to accumulate|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>毛<rt>け</rt>糸<rt>いと</rt></ruby>|knitting wool; yarn|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|さっぱり|feeling refreshed; neatly; completely|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>／<span style="color:#B3A1FF">擬態語</span>|-|
|あっさり|lightly; easily; simply|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>／<span style="color:#B3A1FF">擬態語</span>|-|
|<ruby>済<rt>す</rt>む</ruby>|to be finished; to be done|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>支<rt>し</rt>度<rt>たく</rt></ruby>|preparation; getting ready|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>片付<rt>かたづ</rt>け</ruby>|tidying up; cleaning|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>／<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">一段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>刻<rt>きざ</rt>む</ruby>|to chop; to carve|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|むく|to peel (e.g. fruit, skin)|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|むす|to steam|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>炒<rt>いた</rt>める</ruby>|to stir-fry|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">一段動詞</span>|
|もてる|to be popular (esp. with the opposite sex); to be well-liked|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">一段動詞</span>|
|こする|to rub; to scrub|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|ひねる|to twist; to wring; to turn (a knob)|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|ほどく|to untie; to undo (a knot)|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>抱<rt>かか</rt>える</ruby>|to hold; to carry in the arms|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">一段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>加<rt>くわ</rt>える</ruby>|to add; to include|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">一段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>流行<rt>はや</rt>る</ruby>|to be popular; to spread|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>鈍<rt>にぶ</rt>る</ruby>|to become dull|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>流行<rt>りゅうこう</rt></ruby>|fashion; fad|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>映<rt>うつ</rt>る</ruby>|to be reflected; to appear (on screen)|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>昼食<rt>ちゅうしょく</rt></ruby>|lunch|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|しまう|to finish; to put away|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>尽<rt>つ</rt>くす</ruby>|to exhaust; to devote oneself|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>拭<rt>ふ</rt>く</ruby>|to wipe|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>拭<rt>ぬぐ</rt>う</ruby>|to wipe off; to get rid of (e.g. doubt)|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>感<rt>かん</rt>心<rt>しん</rt></ruby>|admiration; being impressed|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>見<rt>み</rt>合<rt>あ</rt>い</ruby>|matchmaking meeting|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>見<rt>み</rt>合<rt>あ</rt>わせ</ruby>|suspension (of service); postponement|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>見<rt>み</rt>積<rt>つ</rt>もり</ruby>|estimate; quotation|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|じっと|motionlessly; fixedly|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>|-|
|ざっと|roughly; briefly|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>|-|
|ぞっと|shudderingly; feeling creepy|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>／<span style="color:#B3A1FF">擬態語</span>|-|
|たえず|constantly; always|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>|-|
|さかんだ|prosperous; popular; active|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">形容動詞</span>|-|
|うながす|to urge; to prompt|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|いまのところ|for now; as of now|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>沈<rt>しず</rt>む</ruby>|to sink; to feel depressed|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|レンタル|rental|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>努<rt>ど</rt>力<rt>りょく</rt></ruby>|effort; exertion|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>豊<rt>ほう</rt>富<rt>ふ</rt></ruby>|abundant; plentiful|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">形容動詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>振<rt>ふ</rt></ruby>り<ruby>込<rt>こ</rt>む</ruby>|to transfer (money)|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|でこぼこ|unevenness; bumpy|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">形容動詞</span>／<span style="color:#B3A1FF">擬態語</span>|-|
|いらいら|irritation; getting nervous|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">擬態語</span>|-|
|あきれる|to be amazed; to be shocked|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">一段動詞</span>|
|あらかじめ|in advance; beforehand|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>|-|
|ほくほく|warm and fluffy (food); pleased|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">擬態語</span>|-|
|うきうき|cheerful; buoyant|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">擬態語</span>|-|
|<ruby>引<rt>ひ</rt></ruby>き<ruby>分<rt>わ</rt>け</ruby>|draw; tie (in sports)|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>売<rt>う</rt></ruby>れ<ruby>行<rt>ゆ</rt>き</ruby>|sales; demand|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>暮<rt>く</rt>れ</ruby>|sunset; end (of the year/day)|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>避<rt>さ</rt>ける</ruby>|to avoid|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">一段動詞</span>|
|おもわず|unintentionally; reflexively|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>|-|
|めったに|rarely; seldom (with neg. verb)|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>備<rt>そな</rt></ruby>える|to equip; to prepare|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">一段動詞</span>|
|きつい|tight; tough; severe|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">形容詞</span>|-|
|づらい|difficult to (do something)|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">助動詞</span>|-|
|こっそり|secretly; stealthily|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>求<rt>もと</rt></ruby>める|to seek; to request|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">一段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>纏<rt>まと</rt></ruby>める|to summarize; to consolidate|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">一段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>損<rt>そん</rt></ruby>し|loss; disadvantage|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>湧<rt>わ</rt></ruby>く|to gush; to well up|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>植<rt>うえ</rt></ruby><ruby>木<rt>き</rt></ruby>|garden tree; potted plant|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>通<rt>とお</rt></ruby>りかかった|happened to pass by|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>（過去形）|
|ましになった|got better; improved|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">表現</span>|-|
|しょんぼり|downheartedly; dejectedly|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">擬態語</span>|-|
|スマート|slim; stylish; smart|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">形容動詞</span>／<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>譲<rt>ゆず</rt>る</ruby>|to hand over; to yield|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>外<rt>はず</rt>す</ruby>|to remove; to take off|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>崩<rt>くず</rt>す</ruby>|to destroy; to break down|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>配<rt>くば</rt>る</ruby>|to distribute; to deliver|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>雲<rt>くも</rt>行<rt>ゆ</rt>き</ruby>|weather; course of events|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>貯<rt>た</rt>まる</ruby>|to accumulate; to be saved up|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">一段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>湿<rt>しめ</rt>らせる</ruby>|to moisten; to dampen|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">一段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>怠<rt>なま</rt>ける</ruby>|to be lazy; to neglect|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">一段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>吊<rt>つ</rt>るす</ruby>|to hang; to suspend|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>真<rt>ま</rt>似<rt>ね</rt></ruby>|imitation; mimicry|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>暴<rt>あば</rt>れる</ruby>|to act violently; to rage|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">一段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>溶<rt>と</rt>かす</ruby>|to melt (something); to dissolve|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>得<rt>え</rt>る</ruby>|to gain; to obtain; to acquire|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">一段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>組<rt>く</rt>む</ruby>|to partner with; to assemble; to braid|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>手<rt>て</rt>間<rt>ま</rt>がかかる</ruby>|to take time and effort|<span style="color:#bf9ded">表現</span>|-|
|<ruby>目<rt>め</rt>を</ruby><ruby>閉<rt>と</rt>じる</ruby>|to close one's eyes|<span style="color:#bf9ded">表現</span>|-|
|<ruby>収<rt>おさ</rt>めた</ruby>|put away; store; gained (past form of 収める)|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">一段動詞</span>（連用形＋た形）|
|<ruby>余<rt>あま</rt>る</ruby>|to remain; to be left over|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>役<rt>やく</rt></ruby><ruby>割<rt>わり</rt></ruby>|role; assignment|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>上<rt>あ</rt>がる</ruby>|to rise; to go up; to increase|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>有<rt>う</rt>無<rt>む</rt></ruby>|presence or absence; existence|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>左<rt>さ</rt>右<rt>ゆう</rt></ruby>|influence; control; left and right|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>重<rt>かさ</rt>ねる</ruby>|to pile up; to repeat|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">一段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>発<rt>た</rt>つ</ruby>|to depart; to leave|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>干<rt>ほ</rt>す</ruby>|to dry (clothes, etc.)|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>応<rt>おう</rt>募<rt>ぼ</rt></ruby>|application; subscription|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>囲<rt>かこ</rt>む</ruby>|to surround; to enclose|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>気<rt>き</rt>が</ruby><ruby>利<rt>き</rt>く</ruby>|to be sensible; to be thoughtful|<span style="color:#bf9ded">表現</span>|-|
|<ruby>短<rt>たん</rt>気<rt>き</rt></ruby>|short temper|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>何<rt>なに</rt>もかも</ruby>|everything; all|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>入<rt>い</rt>れ</ruby><ruby>物<rt>もの</rt></ruby>|container; vessel|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>見<rt>けん</rt>物<rt>ぶつ</rt></ruby>|sightseeing; field trip|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>伺<rt>うかが</rt>う</ruby>|to ask; to visit (humble form)|<span style="color:#bf9ded">動詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">五段動詞</span>|
|<ruby>機<rt>き</rt>嫌<rt>げん</rt></ruby>|mood; temper; spirits|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>従<rt>したが</rt>って</ruby>|therefore; accordingly|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">接続詞</span>|-|
|はらはら|anxiously; feeling uneasy|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>／<span style="color:#B3A1FF">擬態語</span>|-|
|そわそわ|restlessly; fidgety|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>／<span style="color:#B3A1FF">擬態語</span>|-|
|がっかり|disappointed|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>／<span style="color:#B3A1FF">擬態語</span>|-|
|ぼんやり|absent-mindedly; dimly|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>／<span style="color:#B3A1FF">擬態語</span>|-|
|および|and (formal)|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">接続詞</span>|-|
|そっくり|exactly like; just like|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">形容動詞</span>|-|
|ぴったり|exactly; perfectly; tightly|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>／<span style="color:#B3A1FF">擬態語</span>|-|
|ぎっしり|tightly packed; crammed|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>／<span style="color:#B3A1FF">擬態語</span>|-|
|ばったり|unexpectedly; with a thud|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>／<span style="color:#B3A1FF">擬態語</span>|-|
|<ruby>柔<rt>やわ</rt>らかい</ruby>|soft; gentle|<span style="color:#bf9ded">形容詞</span>|<span style="color:#8F7AFF">イ形容詞</span>|
|<ruby>手<rt>て</rt>がかり</ruby>|clue; lead; trail|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">名詞</span>|-|
|<ruby>夢<rt>む</rt>中<rt>ちゅう</rt></ruby>|daze; being absorbed in|<span style="color:#B3A1FF">形容動詞</span>|-|
|きちんと|neatly; properly; precisely|<span style="color:#D1C4FF">副詞</span>|-|



<br>

<!-- 
	Commonly frogotten grammer
-->
## <div style="color: #bf76c4">Commonly frogotten grammer</div>
Grammers that I forgotten during practicing problems:

### <div style="color: #ad76c4">~ N3</div>

- <span style="color:#bf9ded">Vる</span>ことになっている - according to regulation/decision
	Ex. 
	> 明日、上司とそのことについて<span style="color:#bf9ded">話し合うことになっている</span>。

- おかまいなく - polite way to decline someone’s concern or hospitality
Ex. 
	> A:「今、お茶をお持ちします。」
	> B:「どうぞ<span style="color:#bf9ded">おかまいなく</span>。」

- <span style="color:#bf9ded">Vた</span>ところ - just did something / when (I) did…
Ex.
	> 病院に<span style="color:#bf9ded">行ったところ</span>、思ったより混んでいた。
	
- ~にしては - for (someone/something) of that type; considering that
Ex.
	> 初心者<span style="color:#bf9ded">にしては</span>、かなり上手ですね。

- ちっとも~ない - not at all
Ex.
	> 彼の説明は長いだけで、<span style="color:#bf9ded">ちっとも</span>分から<span style="color:#bf9ded">ない</span>。
	
- ~への - toward (a direction, action, or emotion related to something)
Ex.
	> 被害者<span style="color:#bf9ded">への</span>配慮が必要だ。

- ~わけだ - that’s why; no wonder; it means that
Ex.
	> 外が騒がしいと思ったら、祭りだった<span style="color:#bf9ded">わけだ</span>。

- ~からといって - just because... (doesn’t necessarily mean...)
Ex.
	> 高いもの<span style="color:#bf9ded">からといって</span>、必ずしも質が良いとは限らない。

- 今にも~そうだ - at any moment now (something is about to happen)
Ex.
	> 雲行きが怪しくて、<span style="color:#bf9ded">今にも</span>雨が降り<span style="color:#bf9ded">そうだ</span>。

- たいして~ない - not particularly; not that much
Ex.
	> この映画は<span style="color:#bf9ded">たいして</span>面白く<span style="color:#bf9ded">ない</span>。
	
- <span style="color:#bf9ded">N</span>のわりには – for (N); considering (N)
Ex.
	> 彼は年齢<span style="color:#bf9ded">のわりには</span>元気だ。

- ところが – however; even so (unexpected result)
Ex.
	> 一生懸命準備した。<span style="color:#bf9ded">ところが</span>、失敗してしまった。
	
- ~に隠れて – being hidden behind; under the cover of
Ex.
	> 彼は親の影<span style="color:#bf9ded">に隠れて</span>悪いことをしていた。

- ~以上は – now that; since (it is the case that...)
Ex.
	> 引き受けた<span style="color:#bf9ded">以上は</span>、最後まで責任を持つべきだ。

- ~がたい – hard to; difficult to
Ex.
	> 信じ<span style="color:#bf9ded">がたい</span>話だが、本当に起こったらしい。

- ~にしたがって（したがい） – as...; in accordance with...
Ex.
	> 時間の経過<span style="color:#bf9ded">にしたがって</span>、痛みも和らいできた。

- ~つつ（も) – while (doing); even though
Ex.
	> 危険だと知り<span style="color:#bf9ded">つつ</span>も、彼は山に登った。

- ~をもとに（して）– based on; on the basis of
Ex.
	> この映画は実際にあった事件<span style="color:#bf9ded">をもとに</span>作られた。

- ようなら – if it seems like; if it looks like (～そうなら／場合には)
Ex.
	> 雨が降り<span style="color:#bf9ded">ようなら</span>、試合は中止になります。

- をひかえ（て）– with ~ approaching; just before ~ (時間・イベントを目前にして)
Ex.
	> 入試<span style="color:#bf9ded">をひかえて</span>、彼は毎日遅くまで勉強している。 

- お言葉に甘えて – I'll take you up on your kind offer; if you insist (lit. “I’ll accept your kind words”)
Ex.
	> それでは、<span style="color:#bf9ded">お言葉に甘えて</span>、先にいただきます。

- いとも簡単に – very easily; effortlessly
Ex.
	> 彼はその問題を<span style="color:#bf9ded">いとも簡単に</span>解いてしまった。

- ~ないではいられない – can't help but ~; unable to stop oneself from ~
Ex.
	> あの話を聞くと、涙を<span style="color:#bf9ded">流さないではいられない</span>。

- <span style="color:#bf9ded">V~~ます~~</span>がちだ – tend to ~; prone to ~
Ex.
	> 忙しいと、食事を<span style="color:#bf9ded">抜きがちだ</span>。