HackMD
LCC 10 Language Relay
ðesimien (The Song)
♬ (ðesirir)
Alor emrara
Alor emrara
Alfrit banin el hacin os
Alor emrara
♬ (ðesi marθ)
Alna alnimuniθ alniri bora
Alor nima cuið ilmunavi ras
Nuðar alalla alðaca el alalla tarta
Alifrit ril alerða ri alcuil uniri
(ðesirir ira)
♬ (ðesi cuiθ)
Ilcaruvatar alnifril ra ela arsal menursa
Alumðil ala alensa nis eca alcuið ilala hara ubra
Aliv ilanimien ana alilcuið anon is alcehalnur banes
Ilivavar cita inalna
(ðesirir ira)
♬ (ðesi efrit)
Alna ember emraris
Uniri menor ela nimiri
Nisθril alivumbra ra el alnimuniθ alilcuið anranora
θri saðaca el ilo seðraci
(ðesirir ira)
Grammar
Basic syntax
- SOV
- Agglutinative (e.g., al + in + ensa → alinensa (gloss: to my house))
- epenthetic -h- when at vowel morpheme boundary
Verbs
- end in -in (e.g., rin, ecin) in their infinitive and present formal forms.
- end in -a (e.g., ra, eca) in their present, informal form
- can combine with auxiliary particles to form moods, negation, voice, and aspect. (e.g., rin + -e → rine (gloss: was))
- Derivation:
- Other words and parts of speech can be derived from verbs by isolating the stem, i.e., dropping the final n of the verb
- e.g., rin (gloss: to be) − n → ri (gloss: being)
- n.b., this form is very similar to the future tense (informal) form of the verb, which is formed by dropping the verb ending in and adding the future tense suffix i
- e.g., (rin (gloss: to be) − n → r) + i → ri (gloss: will be)
Formality
- A common way to indicate social formality is through verb stem choice as a base for conjugation
- Informal registers use the bare stem of the verb, i.e., verb − in ending
- e.g.,
anin (gloss: tell, recount) − in → an (verb stem base)
an (verb stem base) + e (past tense) → ane (gloss: told, recounted)
- e.g.,
- Formal registers do not drop the in ending
- e.g.,
anin + e → anine
- e.g.,
- Honorific registers use the im ending in place of the in ending as the base for conjugation
- e.g.,
anin − in + im → anim
anim + e → anime
- e.g.,
Nouns
- Do not inflect
- No distinction between singular and plural
- Compounding is possible
Pronouns
- Have a subject, (in)direct object, and possessive forms
- e.g., ani (I), an (me), in (my, mine)
- e.g., iva (You (sg)), iv (you), iv (your, yours)
Vocabulary
| Circle Tongue | POS | Description |
|---|---|---|
| -a | verb | present tense suffix (informal) |
| -i | verb | future tense suffix (informal) |
| -i | verb | present gerund |
| al- | preposition | oblique and prepositional prefix |
| ala | pronoun | 3rd person singular (subject) |
| alce- | adverb | like, as, similar to |
| alcuil | adverb | when |
| alðacin | verb | look down on |
| alilcuið | adverb | relative pronoun |
| alla | pronoun | 3rd person singular fem. (oblique) |
| alna | noun | baby |
| alniri | verb | SEE alnirin (verb) + -i (verb: gerund) |
| alnirin | verb | stumble into |
| alor | adverb | now |
| animien | noun | story, narrative |
| anin | verb | tell, recount |
| anon | pronoun | we (inclusive) |
| anranorin | verb | share |
| arsal | adverb | never |
| avar | noun | eye, eyes |
| banes | verb | SEE banin (verb) + is (verb) |
| banin | verb | play |
| borin | verb | explore |
| car | adjective | their |
| citin | verb | close |
| cuið | conj | for, because |
| cuiθ | noun | two |
| ðar | noun | adult |
| ðesi | noun | verse |
| ðesirir | noun | chorus |
| ðil | noun | day |
| ecin | verb | return |
| efrit | noun | three |
| el | conj | and |
| ela | conj | but |
| ember | adverb | happily |
| emrarin | verb | sleep |
| emraris | verb | SEE emrarin (verb) + is (verb) |
| ensa | noun | house |
| erða | adjective | white |
| frit | adverb | tomorrow |
| hacin | verb | playfully laugh |
| ifrit | noun | morning |
| il- | particle | direct object |
| ilo | pronoun | it (direct object) |
| in | pronoun | my |
| irin | verb | repeat |
| is | adjective | everyone, you and me |
| is, -s | verb | continuous aspect (clitic) |
| iv | pronoun | 2nd person oblique |
| marθ | noun | one |
| menor | adverb | not, negation |
| menursin | verb | forget |
| mu | adjective | many |
| navi | noun | friend |
| nifril | adverb | far, remote |
| nima | verb | SEE nimin (verb) + -a (verb) |
| nimin | verb | dream |
| nimirin | verb | continue dreaming |
| nimu | noun | dream |
| nisθril | noun | treasure |
| niθ | noun | land |
| nu | adjective | every |
| os | verb | can, be able to |
| ra | verb | SEE rin (verb) + -a (verb) |
| ri | verb | SEE rin (verb) + -i (verb) |
| ril | noun | sky |
| rin | verb | copula |
| saðaca | verb | SEE saðacin (verb) + -a (verb) |
| saðacin | verb | search |
| seðraci | verb | SEE seðracin (verb) + -i (verb) |
| seðracin | verb | find |
| tartin | verb | protect |
| um | adjective | some |
| umbra | noun | surroundings |
| unirin | verb | wake up |
| uvatar | noun | mother |
| θri | adverb | just, only |
