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LCC 10 Language Relay

ðesimien (The Song)

♬ (ðesirir)
Alor emrara
Alor emrara
Alfrit banin el hacin os
Alor emrara

♬ (ðesi marθ)
Alna alnimuniθ alniri bora
Alor nima cuið ilmunavi ras
Nuðar alalla alðaca el alalla tarta
Alifrit ril alerða ri alcuil uniri

(ðesirir ira)

♬ (ðesi cuiθ)
Ilcaruvatar alnifril ra ela arsal menursa
Alumðil ala alensa nis eca alcuið ilala hara ubra
Aliv ilanimien ana alilcuið anon is alcehalnur banes
Ilivavar cita inalna

(ðesirir ira)

♬ (ðesi efrit)
Alna ember emraris
Uniri menor ela nimiri
Nisθril alivumbra ra el alnimuniθ alilcuið anranora
θri saðaca el ilo seðraci

(ðesirir ira)

Grammar

Basic syntax

  • SOV
  • Agglutinative (e.g., al + in + ensa → alinensa (gloss: to my house))
    • epenthetic -h- when at vowel morpheme boundary

Verbs

  • end in -in (e.g., rin, ecin) in their infinitive and present formal forms.
  • end in -a (e.g., ra, eca) in their present, informal form
  • can combine with auxiliary particles to form moods, negation, voice, and aspect. (e.g., rin + -e → rine (gloss: was))
  • Derivation:
    • Other words and parts of speech can be derived from verbs by isolating the stem, i.e., dropping the final n of the verb
    • e.g., rin (gloss: to be) − nri (gloss: being)
    • n.b., this form is very similar to the future tense (informal) form of the verb, which is formed by dropping the verb ending in and adding the future tense suffix i
      • e.g., (rin (gloss: to be) − nr) + iri (gloss: will be)

Formality

  • A common way to indicate social formality is through verb stem choice as a base for conjugation
  • Informal registers use the bare stem of the verb, i.e., verb − in ending
    • e.g.,
      anin (gloss: tell, recount) − inan (verb stem base)
      an (verb stem base) + e (past tense) → ane (gloss: told, recounted)
  • Formal registers do not drop the in ending
    • e.g.,
      anin + eanine
  • Honorific registers use the im ending in place of the in ending as the base for conjugation
    • e.g.,
      aninin + imanim
      anim + eanime

Nouns

  • Do not inflect
  • No distinction between singular and plural
  • Compounding is possible

Pronouns

  • Have a subject, (in)direct object, and possessive forms
    • e.g., ani (I), an (me), in (my, mine)
    • e.g., iva (You (sg)), iv (you), iv (your, yours)

Vocabulary

Circle Tongue POS Description
-a verb present tense suffix (informal)
-i verb future tense suffix (informal)
-i verb present gerund
al- preposition oblique and prepositional prefix
ala pronoun 3rd person singular (subject)
alce- adverb like, as, similar to
alcuil adverb when
alðacin verb look down on
alilcuið adverb relative pronoun
alla pronoun 3rd person singular fem. (oblique)
alna noun baby
alniri verb SEE alnirin (verb) + -i (verb: gerund)
alnirin verb stumble into
alor adverb now
animien noun story, narrative
anin verb tell, recount
anon pronoun we (inclusive)
anranorin verb share
arsal adverb never
avar noun eye, eyes
banes verb SEE banin (verb) + is (verb)
banin verb play
borin verb explore
car adjective their
citin verb close
cuið conj for, because
cuiθ noun two
ðar noun adult
ðesi noun verse
ðesirir noun chorus
ðil noun day
ecin verb return
efrit noun three
el conj and
ela conj but
ember adverb happily
emrarin verb sleep
emraris verb SEE emrarin (verb) + is (verb)
ensa noun house
erða adjective white
frit adverb tomorrow
hacin verb playfully laugh
ifrit noun morning
il- particle direct object
ilo pronoun it (direct object)
in pronoun my
irin verb repeat
is adjective everyone, you and me
is, -s verb continuous aspect (clitic)
iv pronoun 2nd person oblique
marθ noun one
menor adverb not, negation
menursin verb forget
mu adjective many
navi noun friend
nifril adverb far, remote
nima verb SEE nimin (verb) + -a (verb)
nimin verb dream
nimirin verb continue dreaming
nimu noun dream
nisθril noun treasure
niθ noun land
nu adjective every
os verb can, be able to
ra verb SEE rin (verb) + -a (verb)
ri verb SEE rin (verb) + -i (verb)
ril noun sky
rin verb copula
saðaca verb SEE saðacin (verb) + -a (verb)
saðacin verb search
seðraci verb SEE seðracin (verb) + -i (verb)
seðracin verb find
tartin verb protect
um adjective some
umbra noun surroundings
unirin verb wake up
uvatar noun mother
θri adverb just, only