# 病毒起源戰-時間線

- 日期以各來源記錄的時間為準，沒有考量時差問題
- 一些較瑣碎的事件不會被列進大事記

# 大事記

時間 | 事件
--- | ---
2017-1-9 | 美國HHS架構推出P3CO
2017-12-14 | 中國報導石正麗研究團隊與WIV之成就
2017-12-19 | **美國NIH重啟功能增益研究**
2017-11-30 | 《PLOS》刊登WIV研究報告，可能涉及功能增益，部份經費來自NIH
2019-11-17 | 武漢據傳出現第一名患者
2019-12-30 | 李文亮指出華南水果海鮮市場出現7例SARS確診
2019-12-31 | 中國宣布正在收治武漢不明肺炎患者
2020-1-3 | 中國官方下令銷毀病毒樣本
2020-1-10 | 病毒基因組被公開
2020-1-11 | 中國報告首例確診死亡
2020-1-13 | 中國境外首例確診
2020-1-14 | 世衛組織聲稱沒有明確的人傳人證據
2020-1-20 | 中國官方確認病毒會人傳人
2020-1-22 | 中國稱在華南海鮮市場驗出大量新型冠狀病毒
2020-1-23 | 武漢封城
2020-1-30 | 世衛組織宣布「可能爆發全球傳染」
2020-2-1 | **法拉與多人舉行電話密會**
2020-2-3 | 《一場肺炎爆發與可能源自蝙蝠之新型冠狀病毒的相關性》刊登於《自然》
2020-2-19 | 《柳葉刀》刊登27名科學家連署同意自然起源說
2020-2-20 | 《bioRxiv》刊登一篇論文探討穿山甲與病毒起源的關係
2020-3-11 | 石正麗接受《科學人》採訪，稱2012年雲南礦工染疫病原體來自真菌類
2020-3-17 | 《Sars-CoV-2的接近起源》刊登於《自然醫學》
2020-3-26 | 《自然》刊登一篇論文探討穿山甲與病毒起源的關係
2020-3-30 | 一篇2015年由拉塢夫與石正麗等人所寫並刊於《自然》的論文被加上註記
2020-4-25 | NIH終止贊助EcoHealth
2020-5-2 | 《PrePrints》刊登一篇論文探討穿山甲與病毒起源的關係
2020-5-7 | 《自然》刊登第二篇論文探討穿山甲與病毒起源的關係
2020-5-13 | 澳洲學者發表論文，稱「**病毒感染人類的能力不尋常**」
2020-5-20 | 印度學者指出**RaTG13即為2013年雲南發現之病毒Ra4991(BtCoV/4991)**
2020-5-26 | 中國稱病毒源自蝙蝠，然後通過「中間動物」傳播給人類
2020-5-29 | 學界發起一封致《柳葉刀》主編理查‧霍頓公開信
2020-6-8 | 澳洲學者發表論文，認為**穿山甲身上所驗出之病毒來自污染，非生前感染**
2020-7-24 | 石正麗承認**新冠病毒研究是在生物安全第二級或三級實驗室進行**
2020-8-5 | 《愛思唯爾》刊出一篇論文，解釋**穿山甲並非「中間動物」**
2020-8-18 | 《bioRxiv》刊出一篇論文，指病毒可能來自受污染的冷凍肉品
2020-10-1 | 《施普林格》刊出一篇論文，指病毒可能來自受污染的冷凍肉品
2020-10-20 | 印度學者指出**Ra4991與礦工染疫事件相關**
2020-11-10 | 中國官方宣稱病毒可經冷鏈傳播並爆發疫情
2020-11-17 | 2/3的論文被補上附錄，補述礦工事件與詳細地點
2020-12-10 | 達扎克推特回覆中聲稱WIV裡面沒有飼養蝙蝠
2021-2-9 | 世衛實地調查結束，專家說無法排除病毒來自進口冷凍肉品的可能性
2021-3-4 | 巴黎集團連署要求「完整且不受限、第三方調查病毒起源」
2021-3-25 | 9名學者發表論文支持實驗室起源說需被重視，並認為**冷鏈說的可能性極低**
2021-3-30 | 世衛公開起源調查報告
2021-4-7 | 巴黎集團第二封公開信，要求「全面調查病毒起源」
2021-4-30 | 巴黎集團第三封公開信，對實際調查的標準提出建議
2020-5-11 | 佛奇承認**NIH透過EcoHealth贊助WIV**，但否認涉及贊助功能增益研究
2020-5-12 | 佛奇鬆口「他不能確信COVID-19是否源於自然溢出」
2021-5-14 | 18名學者(包含密會參與者拉塢夫)連署要求對病毒起源重新展開公正調查
2021-5-26 | 拜登下達90天全面調查令
2021-5-28 | 《每日郵報》刊登英國與挪威學者之論文，稱病毒「**沒有可信的自然祖先**」
2021-6-1 | 佛奇的3200多頁電郵被揭露
2021-6-13 | 澳媒公開**WIV內曾飼養蝙蝠**的影片
2021-6-21 | 達扎克被《柳葉刀》的起源調查隊除名
2021-6-28 | 巴黎集團第四封公開信，要求中國「不得否決其他國家持續調查的權力」
2021-6-29 | 共和黨舉行武漢肺炎溯源聽證會

## 攻略

[ 假新聞 ]

- 中國放消息說病毒來自華南海鮮市場的野味。

[ 歐美學界高層控制兩大期刊 ]

- 歐美幾個學界高層決定拯救科(中)學(國)界的未來，偷偷開了一個電話密會。
- 這些高層控制科學界兩大期刊《柳葉刀》、《自然》，決定哪些可以刊，哪些不給刊。
- 早在2020年2月，就推27位學者連署支持病毒源於自然溢出事件。

[ 偽科學 ]

- 找出一個與Sars-CoV-2相似度達96.2%的病毒，稱其源自於蝙蝠，所以自然起源說成立。
- 放出數篇論文，指稱穿山甲是人與蝙蝠之間的中間媒介。
- 放出數篇論文，指稱病毒可能來自進口冷凍肉。

[ 撒謊 ]

- 石正麗曾說2012年雲南礦工染疫病原體來自真菌類。
- 達扎克放話說WIV裡頭沒有在養蝙蝠。

[ 卸責 ]

- 佛奇於聽證會中聲明，NIH贊助WIV之款項不包含功能增益研究，即便功能增益禁令在2017年已被美國NIH廢止。

## 代表人物

[ 支持自然起源論 ]

- 石正麗 - Shi Zhengli
- 安東尼‧佛奇 - Anthony Fauci
- 傑若米‧法拉 - Jeremy Farrar
- 彼德‧達扎克 - Peter Daszak
- 法蘭西斯‧柯林斯 - Francis Collins
- 克里斯蒂安‧安德森 - Kristian Andersen
- 理查‧霍頓 - Richard Horton

[ 曾與支持自然起源論學者合作，後轉為中立 ]

- 拉塢夫‧巴里克 - Ralph Baric

[ 找到支持實驗室起源論之間接證據，或其論點支持者 ]

- Alina Yujia Chan (新加坡)
- Bret Weinstein (美國)
- Richard Ebright (美國)
- Nikolai Petrovsky (澳洲)
- Daoyu Zhang (澳洲)
- Birger Sørensen (挪威)
- Angus Dalgleish (英國)

------------------------------------------------

# 時間線-爆發前

### 2014-12-12

美國政府停止進行與贊助功能增益(Gain of Funtcion)研究

- NCBI | 2014-12-12 | Marc Lipsitch, Thomas V. Inglesby
- [Moratorium on Research Intended To Create Novel Potential Pandemic Pathogens](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4271556/)

---

### 2017-1-9

美國HHS架構推出P3CO做為功能增益研究之監督指導方案

- PHE | [Department of Health and Human Services Framework for Guiding Funding Decisions about Proposed Research Involving Enhanced Potential Pandemic Pathogens ](https://www.phe.gov/s3/dualuse/Pages/p3co.aspx)
- P3CO = Recommended Policy Guidance for Departmental Development of Review Mechanisms for Potential Pandemic Pathogen Care and Oversight，對潛在大流行傳染病源的保存及監管的政治性指導
- PHE = 公共衛生緊急部門, HHS = 衛生與公共服務部

---

### 2017-11-30

《公共科學圖書館》刊登一篇WIV研究報告，可能涉及功能增益，部份經費來自NIH

- PLOS | 2017-11-30 | 包含石正麗、達扎克等多名學者
- [Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus](https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698)
- 論文編輯為Christian Drosten，柳葉刀27連署人之一
- 見Funding條目，"the National Institutes of Health (NIAID R01AI110964), the USAID Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT program to PD and ZLS"
- PD指Peter Daszak，ZLS指石正麗
- 佛奇自1984年就任NIAID所長至今
- 編列之款項可自TAGGS查詢
- [UNDERSTANDING THE RISK OF BAT CORONAVIRUS EMERGENC](https://taggs.hhs.gov/Detail/AwardDetail?arg_AwardNum=R01AI110964&arg_ProgOfficeCode=104)

爭議：該研究是否符合「功能增益」條件？

- 2021-5-11，佛奇於聽證會中否認NIH補助WIV進行任何涉及功能增益之研究
- 2021-5-12，[Richard Ebright於推特](https://twitter.com/R_H_Ebright/status/1392156482616057861)指稱該研究涉及功能增益
- Yahoo新聞 | 2021-5-13 | Isaac Schorr
- [Biosafety Expert Explains Why Fauci’s NIH ‘Gain-of-Function’ Testimony Was ‘Demonstrably False’](https://news.yahoo.com/biosafety-expert-explains-why-fauci-140753796.html)

---

### 2017-12-14

- 中國央視與WIV報導石正麗研究團隊之成就，內容提及蝙蝠採樣過程
- 相關內容在2020年被中國刪除
- 2021-6-15這些報導被尋回，並再度被多家媒體引用

來源/

- 影片 | 央視 | 2017-12-18
- [13年不懈追踪，中国科学家寻获SARS病毒源头](https://youtu.be/MNkyeUZHUoU)
- 中國科學院武漢病毒研究所 | 2017-12-14
- [“蝙蝠女侠”团队找出SARS病毒源头](https://web.archive.org/web/20200505142902/www.whiov.cas.cn/xwdt_105286/kydt/201712/t20171214_4916301.html)
- Taiwan News | 2021-6-15 | Keoni Everington
- [Video shows Wuhan lab scientists admit to being bitten by bats](https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4102619)
- The National Pulse | 2021-6-16 | Natalie Winters
- [‘Risk Of Being Bitten By Bats Still Exists’: Wuhan Lab ERASED Reports Of Bats Biting Researchers.](https://thenationalpulse.com/breaking/wuhan-lab-erased-reports-of-bat-bites/)

---

### 2017-12-19

美國NIH重啟功能增益研究

- NIH | 2017-12-19 | **Francis Collins**
- [NIH Lifts Funding Pause on Gain-of-Function Research](https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/who-we-are/nih-director/statements/nih-lifts-funding-pause-gain-function-research)
- 美柏快訊 | 2018-1-5 | 張四維
- [新的機遇還是自取滅亡？NIH解禁人造超級病原體研究](https://kknews.cc/zh-hk/science/l2yzjle.html)

---

### 2019-11-17

武漢據傳出現第一名患者

- Taiwan News | 2020-3-13 | 李文潔
- [去年11月17日即知武漢肺炎？ 港媒揭露中國官方機密文件](https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/ch/news/3896578)
- 南華早報 | 2020-3-13 | Josephine Ma
- [Coronavirus: China’s first confirmed Covid-19 case traced back to November 17](https://web.archive.org/web/20200313004217/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3074991/coronavirus-chinas-first-confirmed-covid-19-case-traced-back)
- 武漢病毒研究所的三名研究人員在2019年11月生病並尋求住院治療
- WSJ | 2021-5-23 | Michael R. Gordon, Warren P. Strobel, Drew Hinshaw
- [Intelligence on Sick Staff at Wuhan Lab Fuels Debate on Covid-19 Origin](https://www.wsj.com/articles/intelligence-on-sick-staff-at-wuhan-lab-fuels-debate-on-covid-19-origin-11621796228)

[ **2021-6-24** ] 學者透過早期數據分析出全世界首例最可能的發生日是2019/11/17

- PLOS | 2021-6-24 | David Roberts, Jeremy Rossman, Ivan Jarić
- [Dating first cases of COVID-19](https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1009620)

---

### 2019-12-9

達扎克於舉辦在新加坡的立百病毒(Nipah virus)國際會議接受訪談

- Youtube | 2020-5-19 | Vincent Racaniello
- [TWiV 615: Peter Daszak of EcoHealth Alliance](https://youtu.be/IdYDL_RK--w)
- 28:10 達扎克提及在實驗室中已觀察到可感染人體的冠狀病毒
- Taiwan News | 2021-1-18 | Keoni Everington
- [WHO inspector caught on camera revealing coronavirus manipulation in Wuhan before pandemic](https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4104828)
- [Nipah Virus International Conference 2019](https://www.ncid.sg/News-Events/Events/Pages/Nipah-Virus-International-Conference.aspx)

---

### 2019-12-30

武漢市中心醫院眼科醫生李文亮發布消息，指出華南水果海鮮市場確診了7例SARS

- 新京報 | 2020-1-31 | 刘名洋, 赵凯迪
- [对话“传谣”被训诫医生：我是在提醒大家注意防范](http://www.bjnews.com.cn/feature/2020/01/31/682076.html)
- 李文亮後續：
- 1/3遭警方訓誡，1/12住院治療，2/7病逝
- 世界日報 | 2020-2-6 | 賴錦宏
- [首名吹哨者李文亮已逝 武漢中心醫院官方微博證實](https://web.archive.org/web/20200206232604/https://www.worldjournal.com/6771702/article-新冠肺炎第一個吹哨者-李文亮醫師過世/)

---

### 2019-12-31

中國宣布正在收治武漢不明肺炎患者

- 武汉市卫生健康委员会 | 2019-12-31
- [武汉市卫健委关于当前我市肺炎疫情的情况通报](https://web.archive.org/web/20200109215413/http://wjw.wuhan.gov.cn/front/web/showDetail/2019123108989)

---

# 時間線-2020

### 2020-1-3

中國官方下令銷毀病毒樣本，卻延至5/16才公開承認

- 影片 | 台視新聞 | 2020-5-16
- [銷毀病毒樣本 中國終於認了](https://youtu.be/9SN-lUaFxwk)
- INSIDER | 2020-5-16 | Sophia Ankel
- [China confirms US accusations that it destroyed early samples of the novel coronavirus, but says it was done for 'biosafety reasons'](https://www.businessinsider.com/china-confirms-that-it-destroyed-early-samples-of-new-coronavirus-2020-5)

---

### 2020-1-10

冠狀病毒基因組被公開

- Virological | 2020-1-10 | [張永振](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Yongzhen)、**Edward Holmes**
- [Novel 2019 coronavirus genome](https://virological.org/t/novel-2019-coronavirus-genome/319)
- NCBI的基因序列庫
- [Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 isolate Wuhan-Hu-1, complete genome](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MN908947)
- CIDRAP | 20201-1-11 | Lisa Schnirring
- [China releases genetic data on new coronavirus, now deadly](https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2020/01/china-releases-genetic-data-new-coronavirus-now-deadly)

---

### 2020-1-11

中國報告首例確診死亡

- 明報 | 2020-1-11
- [【武漢肺炎】首名死亡患者為61歲男　長年到華南海鮮批發市場採購](https://news.mingpao.com/ins/港聞/article/20200111/s00001/1578702453604/)
- 死者曾進出華南海鮮市場，於1/9病逝
- 報導指出至1/11之病例有41宗

---

### 2020-1-13

泰國出現首例確診，亦為中國境外首例

- WHO - [WHO Timeline - COVID-19](https://www.who.int/news/item/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19)

---

### 2020-1-14

世衛組織聲稱沒有明確的人傳人證據

- [WHO官方推特的當日聲明](https://twitter.com/who/status/1217043229427761152?lang=en)
- 新華網 | 2020-1-15 | huaxia
- [WHO says no clear evidence of human-to-human transmission of novel coronavirus](http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/15/c_138706210.htm)

---

### 2020-1-20

中國官方確認病毒會人傳人

- The Guardian | 2020-1-20 | Lily Kuo
- [China confirms human-to-human transmission of coronavirus](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/20/coronavirus-spreads-to-beijing-as-china-confirms-new-cases)

---

### 2020-1-22

中國官方稱在武漢華南海鮮市場檢驗出大量新型冠狀病毒

- 環球網 | 2020-1-22 | 何卓谦
- [国家疾控中心：新型冠状病毒的来源是野生动物](https://china.huanqiu.com/article/9CaKrnKp1pY)
- 中經實時報 | 2020-1-22 | 张家振、陈婷
- [“华南海鲜批发市场西区有十几家贩卖野味的商户”|对话武汉肺炎当事人](http://www.cb.com.cn/index/show/zj/cv/cv13474141264)
- 新華網 | 2020-1-27 | 王秉阳、温竞华
- [中国疾控中心在武汉华南海鲜市场检出大量新型冠状病毒](http://www.xinhuanet.com/2020-01/27/c_1125504355.htm)

---

### 2020-1-23

武漢封城

- 湖北省人民政府网站 | 2020-1-23 | 武汉市新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情防控指挥部
- [武汉市新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情防控指挥部通告（第1号）](http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-01/23/content_5471751.htm)

---

### 2020-1-30

世衛組織宣布「可能爆發全球傳染」，因為中國承認有數千例病例

- WHO | 2020-1-30
- [Novel Coronavirus(2019-nCoV) situation report](https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200130-sitrep-10-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=d0b2e480_2)

---

### 2020-2-1

法拉與多人舉行電話秘會

- 根據佛奇的電郵，秘會策劃人為惠康信託董事法拉(Jemery Farrar)，與會人有：*Andrew Rambaut, Bob Garry, Chistian Drosten, Edward Holmes, Francis Collins, Kristian Anderson, Marion Koopmans, Mike Ferguson, Paul Schreier, Patrick Vallance, Ron Fouchier, Stefan Pohlmann, Tony Fauci*

---

### 2020-2-3-RaTG13與背景

《自然》刊載一份論文《一場肺炎爆發與可能源自蝙蝠之新型冠狀病毒的相關性》

- Nature | 2020-2-3 | 石正麗與其他多名學者
- A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin
- [2/3的版本](https://web.archive.org/web/20200203131759/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2012-7) | [現今的版本](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2012-7)
- 收件日1/20，接受日1/29，公布日2/3，僅相隔14天
- 文中提到RaTG13與SARS-CoV-2有96.2%相似性
- 文中僅提到RaTG13是於2013採集於雲南的蝙蝠樣本，**無詳細地點，未提到2012年的礦工染疫意外，未提到RaTG13其實就是2013年發現的BtCoV/4991(Ra4991)**。

[ **2020-3-11** ] 石正麗接受《科學人》採訪，訪中提及2012年雲南礦工染疫事件，辯稱病原體來自「覆蓋在蝙蝠糞便上的真菌類」，並說死亡之礦工只有兩名。

- Scientific American | 2020-3-11 | Jane Qiu (邱瑾)
- [How China’s “Bat Woman” Hunted Down Viruses from SARS to the New Coronavirus](https://web.archive.org/web/20200311195316/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-chinas-bat-woman-hunted-down-viruses-from-sars-to-the-new-coronavirus1/)
- 該文內容在2020-6-1被大幅度修改，[現在的版本](https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-chinas-bat-woman-hunted-down-viruses-from-sars-to-the-new-coronavirus1/)

質疑與破解：

[ **2020-5-19** ] 推特帳號TheSeeker268找到一份昆明醫科大學碩士論文，詳盡分析了2012年雲南礦工染疫後之症狀
- [推特討論](https://twitter.com/TheSeeker268/status/1262459039297961989)
- PDF | 2013-5 | 一份昆明醫科大學碩士論文
- [Anylysis of Six Patients With Unknown Viruses](https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6981198-Analysis-of-Six-Patients-With-Unknown-Viruses.html)
- 論文之結論：「使礦工致病的病原體是類SARS冠狀病毒」

[ **2020-5-20** ] 印度學者發現RaTG13與2013年雲南發現之病毒Ra4991(BtCoV/4991)的關連，以及同地點在2012年發生的事件：六名礦工感染呼吸道疾病，其中**三名**死亡

- Preprints | 2020-5-20 | Monali C. Rahalkar, Rahul A. Bahulikar
- [Understanding the Origin of ‘BatCoVRaTG13’, a Virus Closest to SARS-CoV-2](https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202005.0322/v2)
- RaTG13病毒之RNA複製酶(RNA-dependent RNA polymerase)與2013年石正麗團隊自中國雲南採樣蝙蝠身上發現之BtCoV/4991(Ra4991)病毒相似性為100%。

[ **2020-10-20** ] 印度學者將Ra4991與石正麗於2012~2013年採樣報告做比對，得出礦工所感染的即為RaTG13病毒

- NCBI | 2020-10-20 | Monali Rahalkar, Rahul Bahulikar
- [Lethal Pneumonia Cases in Mojiang Miners (2012) and the Mineshaft Could Provide Important Clues to the Origin of SARS-CoV-2](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7606707/)
- The Week | 2021-6-13 | Monali Rahalkar, Rahul Bahulikar
- [How an Indian scientist couple worked to trace origin, course of COVID-19](https://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/2021/06/03/how-an-indian-scientist-couple-worked-to-trace-origin-course-of-covid-19.html)
- NIH | 2016-2-18 | 石正麗及其他多名學者
- [Coexistence of multiple coronaviruses in several bat colonies in an abandoned mineshaft](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26920708/)

---

### 2020-2-19-27人連署

《柳葉刀》刊載一份27科學家連署聲明，駁斥實驗室起源說並暗示其為陰謀論

- The Lancet | 2020-2-19
- [Statement in support of the scientists, public health professionals, and medical professionals of China combatting COVID-19](https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30418-9/fulltext)
- 所有連署人 | *Alexander Gorbalenya, Bart Haagmans, Bernard Roizman, Charles Calisher, Christian Drosten, Dennis Carroll, Gerald T Keusch, Hume Field, James M Hughes, Jeremy Farrar, John S Mackenzie, Jonna Mazet, Josie Golding, Juan Lubroth, Larry Madoff, Luis Enjuanes, Kanta Subbarao, Leo Poon, Linda Saif, Mike Turner, Peter Daszak, Peter Palese, Rita Colwell, Ronald B Corley, Sai Kit Lam, Stanley Perlman, William B Karesh*
- 起草人為達扎克(Peter Daszak)
- 根據佛奇的電郵，連署中曾參與該月1日電話秘會者：Peter Daszak、Jeremy Farrar、Christian Drosten
- Hume Field、William B Karesh為[EcoHealth旗下之科學家](https://www.ecohealthalliance.org/scientists)
- Gerald Keusch, Hume Field, Linda Saif, Peter Daszak, Stanley Perlman為[EchoHealth所選出之Covid調查隊成員](https://www.ecohealthalliance.org/2020/11/members-of-the-lancet-covid-commission-task-force-on-the-origins-of-sars-cov-2-named)
- 法拉(Jeremy Farrar)為惠康信託董事，也是2/1電話密會安排人，簽署者之中有兩人為惠康信託工作：Josie Golding, Mike Turner
- 2/6之佛奇電郵顯示，達扎克發信給拉塢夫(Ralph Baric)與佛奇，信件標題為「No need for you to sign the "Statement" Ralph!! (你不需要為這份聲明簽署，拉塢夫！)」內容寫著「We'll then put it out in a way that doesn't link it back to our collaboration so we maximize an independent voice. (發布時注意不要讓世人知道我們的合作關係，讓它看起來像是個人專業意見)」
- 達扎克、拉塢夫均和中國科學家石正麗有多年合作關係
- Nature | 2013-10-30 | 包含石正麗、達扎克和其他多名學者
- [Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor](https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12711)
- Nature | 2015-11-9 | 包含石正麗、拉塢夫和其他多名學者
- [A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence](https://www.nature.com/articles/nm.3985)
- [推特帳號Alexandros Marinos對Lancet簽署人的分析](https://twitter.com/alexandrosm/status/1401813071635501056)
- 曾參與連署或秘會，但事後收回意見的學者：
- Stanley Perlman，於2021-1-12接受採訪
- Charles Calisher, 於2021-3-18接受採訪
- Ralph Baric，於2021-5-14連署聲明
- Bernard Roizman，於2021-5-24接受採訪
- Peter Palese，於2021-6-5接受採訪

---

### 2020-2-20-穿山甲說

從2/20至5/7，《bioRxiv》、《PrePrints》、《自然》共刊登四篇論文探討穿山甲與病毒起源的關係

- bioRxiv | 2020-2-20
- [Pangolin homology associated with 2019-nCoV](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.19.950253v1)
- Nature | 2020-3-26
- [Identifying SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2169-0)
- 收件日2/7，接受日3/17，公開日3/26
- PrePrints | 2020-5-2
- [Structural and Genetic Analysis of Coronaviruses Spike Proteins Suggest Pangolin as a Proximate Intermediate Host of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)](https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202005.0022/v1)
- 收件日4/30，刊於5/2
- Nature | 2020-5-7
- [Isolation of SARS-CoV-2-related coronavirus from Malayan pangolins](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2313-x)
- 收件日2/16，接受日4/28，公布日5/7

質疑與破解：

[ **2020-6-8** ] 澳洲學者發表論文，認為2019年在廣東的死亡穿山甲身上所驗出之病毒來自污染，非生前感染。

- Zenodo | 2020-6-8 | Daoyu Zhang
- [The Pan-SL-CoV/GD sequences may be from contamination.](https://zenodo.org/record/4430277#.YNCUUmgkuHs)

[ **2020-8-5** ] 《愛思唯爾》刊出一篇論文，解釋穿山甲並非「中間動物」

- ELSEVIER | 2020-8-5 | Roger Frutos, Jordi Serra-Cobo, Tianmu Chen, Christian A.Devaux
- [COVID-19: Time to exonerate the pangolin from the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to humans](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1567134820303245)
- 收件日6/21，公開日8/5
- 論文學者來自法國、西班牙、中國廈門

---

### 2020-3-17-接近起源說

《自然醫學》刊出《Sars-CoV-2的接近起源》

- Nature Medicine | 2020-3-17 | Kristian G. Andersen, Andrew Rambaut, W. Ian Lipkin, Edward C. Holmes, Robert F. Garry
- [The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0820-9)
- 未列出收件日
- 根據佛奇的電郵，本論文作者有數人參與2/1電話秘會：Kristian Andersen, Edward Holmes

破解論點：

- 2020-3-28 | Youtube | J.C. on a bike | Jonathan Jay Couey
- [The Proximal Origin of SARS-CoV2 -- Special Report](https://youtu.be/HmSCMb8Nds4)
- 2020-3-19 | Harvard to the Big House
- [China owns Nature magazine’s ass: Debunking “The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2” claiming COVID-19 definitely wasn’t from a lab](https://harvardtothebighouse.com/2020/03/19/china-owns-nature-magazines-ass-debunking-the-proximal-origin-of-sars-cov-2-claiming-covid-19-wasnt-from-a-lab/)

---

### 2020-3-30

一篇由拉塢夫、石正麗及其他多名學者於2015共撰並刊在《自然》之論文，被加上註記

- Nature | 2015-11-9 | 包含石正麗、拉塢夫和其他多名學者
- [A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence](https://www.nature.com/articles/nm.3985)
- 註記內文 | We are aware that this article is being used as the basis for unverified theories that the novel coronavirus causing COVID-19 was engineered. There is no evidence that this is true; scientists believe that an animal is the most likely source of the coronavirus. (我們注意到此份論文被用作新型冠狀病毒Covid-19經過人為改造的理論基礎，然而這些理論並沒有被證實。沒有證據表明這是真的；科學家認為，冠狀病毒的最可能來源是野生動物。)

---

### 2020-4-25

NIH終止贊助EcoHealth

- [NIH致信給EcoHealth信件截錄](https://www.sciencemag.org/sites/default/files/Lauer.Daszak.NIH%20grant%20killed.partial%20email%20transcripts.April%202020.pdf)
- kpbs | 2020-4-29 | Nurith Aizenman
- [Why The U.S. Government Stopped Funding A Research Project On Bats And Coronaviruses](https://www.kpbs.org/news/2020/apr/29/why-the-us-government-stopped-funding-a-research/)
- Nature | 2020-8-21 | Nidhi Subbaraman
- [‘Heinous!’: Coronavirus researcher shut down for Wuhan-lab link slams new funding restrictions](https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02473-4)

---

### 2020-5-13-ACE2

學者Nikolai Petrovsky發表論文，稱「病毒感染人類的能力不尋常」

- ArXiv | 2020-5-13 | Nikolai Petrovsky
- [In silico comparison of spike protein-ACE2 binding affinities across species; significance for the possible origin of the SARS-CoV-2 virus](https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.06199)
- Daily Mail | 2020-5-23 | Ian Birrell
- [Coronavirus is 'uniquely adapted to infect humans': Top vaccine scientist says it could only have come from an animal through a 'freak of nature' - and the possibility it leaked from Wuhan lab MUST be investigated](https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8351091/Top-vaccine-scientist-says-coronavirus-come-animal-freak-nature.html)

[ **2021-6-24** ] 此論文終於在《自然》刊登

- Nature | 2021-6-24 | Sakshi Piplani, Puneet Kumar Singh, David Winkler, Nikolai Petrovsky
- [In silico comparison of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-ACE2 binding affinities across species and implications for virus origin](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-92388-5)
- 送件日2020年8/14，2021年6/3接受，6/24公開
- The New Daily | 2021-7-4 | John Elder
- [COVID-19 origin: ‘It looks like this virus was designed to infect humans’](https://thenewdaily.com.au/news/coronavirus/2021/07/04/coronavirus-origin-covid-19/)

---

### 2020-5-26

中國聲稱病毒並非源自野生肉類市場，而是源自中國蝙蝠，然後通過「中間動物」傳播給人類

- 中央通訊社 | 2020-5-26
- [中國專家：新型冠狀病毒源頭可能非華南海鮮市場](https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202005260094.aspx)
- WSJ | 2020-5-26 | James T. Areddy
- [China Rules Out Animal Market and Lab as Coronavirus Origin](https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-rules-out-animal-market-and-lab-as-coronavirus-origin-11590517508)
- Insider | 2020-5-29 | Aylin Woodward
- [The Chinese CDC now says the coronavirus didn't jump to people at the Wuhan wet market — instead, it was the site of a superspreader event](https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-did-not-jump-wuhan-market-chinese-cdc-says-2020-5)

---

### 2020-5-29

學界發起一封致《柳葉刀》主編理查‧霍頓(Richard Horton)公開信，要求公正審核關於Covid-19的論文

- Nuffield Department of Medicine | 2020-5-29 | 連署學者達180多位
- [An open letter to Richard Horton, editor of The Lancet regarding Mehra et al](https://www.tropicalmedicine.ox.ac.uk/news/an-open-letter-to-richard-horton-editor-of-the-lancet-regarding-mehra-et-al)

---

### 2020-7-24

石正麗承認新冠病毒研究是在生物安全第二級或三級實驗室進行

- Science | 2020-7-24 | Jon Cohen
- [Trump ‘owes us an apology.’ Chinese scientist at the center of COVID-19 origin theories speaks out](https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/07/trump-owes-us-apology-chinese-scientist-center-covid-19-origin-theories-speaks-out)
- 其解答藏在文末[PDF附件的最後一段](https://www.sciencemag.org/sites/default/files/Shi%20Zhengli%20Q%26A.pdf)
- "The coronavirus research in our laboratory is conducted in BSL-2 or BSL-3
laboratories." (新冠病毒研究是在生物安全第二級或三級實驗室進行)

---

### 2020-8-18-冷鏈說

8/18-10/1，《bioRxiv》、《施普林格》刊出數篇論文，指病毒可能來自受污染的冷凍肉品

- bioRxiv | 2020-8-18
- [Seeding of outbreaks of COVID-19 by contaminated fresh and frozen food](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.17.255166v1.full)
- 該論文被New Scientist的採訪引用，並指出其採樣上的缺陷
- Springer | 2020-10-1
- [Can the coronavirus disease be transmitted from food? A review of evidence, risks, policies and knowledge gaps](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10311-020-01101-x)
- 收件日9/3，接受日9/12，刊登日10/1

質疑與反對：

[ **2021-2-11~2021-3-25** ] 多名學者認為疫情源頭極不可能來自冷凍肉品

- Taiwan News | 2021-2-11 | Keoni Everington訪談Zhang Daoyu
- [Geneticist debunks China's frozen food theory on Covid origin](https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4125464)
- New Scientist | 2021-2-12 | Adam Vaughan
- [Did the coronavirus really come from frozen food, as the WHO suggests?](https://www.newscientist.com/article/2267598-did-the-coronavirus-really-come-from-frozen-food-as-the-who-suggests/)
- Springer link | 2021-3-25 | Daoyu Zhang與其他數名學者
- [Should we discount the laboratory origin of COVID-19?](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10311-021-01211-0)

[ **2021-2-26** ] 世衛在《自然》的採訪中聲稱，無法排除冷鏈說的可能性，但不太可能引發大流行，疫情源頭來自活體動物可能性較大。

- Nature | 2021-2-26 | Dyani Lewis
- [Can COVID spread from frozen wildlife? Scientists probe pandemic origins](https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00495-0)

---

### 2020-11-10

中國官方宣稱病毒可經冷鏈傳播並爆發疫情

- 中央纪委国家监委网站 | 2020-11-10 | 管筱璞
- [专访中国疾控中心吴尊友疫情防控冷链不可掉链](https://www.ccdi.gov.cn/toutiao/202011/t20201110_229760.html)
- 聯合新聞網 | 2020-11-11 | 林則宏
- [大陸CDC警告 進口冷凍食品恐傳播新冠病毒](https://udn.com/news/story/7332/5005699)
- 冷鏈觸發疫情之說已在2021年2-3月被數名學者駁回

---

### 2020-11-17

石正麗團隊為2/3發布之論文追加一篇附錄，補述詳細地點與礦工染疫事件

- Nature | 2020-11-17 | 石正麗與其他數名學者
- [Addendum: A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2951-z)
- 文中提到，該團隊於2020年再次對礦工血清樣本進行SARS-CoV-2採檢，結果為陰性。

---

### 2020-12-10

達扎克推特回覆中聲稱WIV裡面沒有飼養蝙蝠

- [達扎克當天的推文歸檔](https://web.archive.org/web/20201210114149/https://twitter.com/PeterDaszak/status/1336998740981403649)
- [原推回覆已被刪除](https://twitter.com/PeterDaszak/status/1336990936027590657)
- 原推內文：
- Important error in this piece. No BATS were "sent to Wuhan lab for genetic analyses of viruses collected in the field" That's not how this science works. We collect bat samples, send them to the lab. We RELEASE bats where we catch them! (這篇文章中有重要錯誤。現場收集的蝙蝠沒有「被送到武漢實驗室進行基因分析」。文章搞錯了這門科學的運作方式。我們收集蝙蝠樣本，將樣本送到實驗室，然後再原地野放牠們！)
- They DO NOT have live or dead bats in them. There is no evidence anywhere that this happened. (實驗室裡沒有活的或死的蝙蝠，沒有證據顯示實驗室裡曾經有蝙蝠)
- 此說法在翌年分別被數家媒體、獨立研究團隊破解。
- Taiwan News | 2021-2-18 | Keoni Everington
- [WHO inspector's denial of bats in Wuhan lab contradicted by facts](https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4130431)
- Research Gate | 2021-4 | Billy Bostickson (DRASTIC), Yvette Ghannam
- PDF - [3.WUHAN LABORATORIES, BAT RESEARCH AND BIOSAFETY](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350887648_3_WUHAN_LABORATORIES_BAT_RESEARCH_AND_BIOSAFETY)
- Sky News | 2021-6-13 | Sharri Markson
- 影片 - [WORLD EXCLUSIVE: Footage proves bats were kept in Wuhan lab](https://www.skynews.com.au/details/_6258639874001)

------------------------------------------------

# 時間線-2021

### 2021-1-5

中國拒絕世衛調查組織入境

- The Guardian | 2021-1-5 | Sarah Boseley
- [China blocks entry to WHO team studying Covid's origins](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/05/china-blocks-entry-to-who-team-studying-covids-origins)
- Daily Mail | 2021-1-6 | Chris Jewers
- [China denies entry to team of WHO experts due to investigate the origins of Covid-19 pandemic amid growing suspicions of a cover-up](https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9116715/China-denies-entry-team-experts-investigate-origins-Covid-19.html)

---

### 2021-1-12

Stanley Perlman，曾連署27人聲明之學者，認為需要更公正地調查病毒起源，目前的證據仍無法排除實驗室起源的可能性

- Bloomberg | 2021-1-12 | Faye Flam
- [Virus Researchers Still Can't Rule Out Lab Accident](https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-01-12/how-did-covid-19-start-researchers-are-still-trying-to-find-out)
- Modern Healthcare | 2021-5-19 | Kaiser Allen
- [To the bat cave: In search of COVID's origins, scientists reignite polarizing debate on Wuhan 'lab leak'](https://www.modernhealthcare.com/technology/bat-cave-search-covids-origins-scientists-reignite-polarizing-debate-wuhan-lab-leak)

---

### 2021-1-14

世衛調查組織13名委員進入武漢

- 中央通訊社 | 2021-1-15
- [世衛疫源調查團 2人未過篩檢13人抵武漢隔離](https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202101150151.aspx)
- BBC | 2021-1-28 | Waiyee Yip
- [Covid: WHO probe team in China exits Wuhan quarantine](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-55837009)
- WHO公開之10名來自世界各國學者擔任調查委員
- 丹麥 | Thea Fisher (Nordsjællands Hospital)
- 英國 | John Watson (Public Health England)
- 荷蘭 | Marion Koopmans (Erasmus MC)
- 澳洲 | Dominic Dwyer (Westmead Hospital)
- 俄羅斯 | Vladimir Dedkov (Institute Pasteur)
- 越南 | Hung Nguyen-Viet (International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI))
- 德國 | Fabian Leendertz (Robert Koch-Institute)
- 美國 | Peter Daszak (EcoHealth Alliance)
- 卡達 | Farag El Moubasher (Ministry of Public Health)
- 日本 | Ken Maeda (National Institute of Infectious Diseases)
- 實地調查期間：1/14-2/10，不滿一個月

---

### 2021-2-9

- 世衛組織結束調查。
- 世衛駁斥了實驗室洩露的病毒理論，並說不再需要往此方向追查。
- 世衛認為冷鏈說的可能性極低，但支持進一步調查。
- 中國衛健委梁萬年聲稱，中國2019年下半各地樣本並未發現新型冠狀病毒的存在，大部分的早期病例在12月下半旬出現，多數與華南海鮮市場有關，且華南市場有大量的攤位出售冷藏、冷凍食品。

來源/
- 記者會影片 | 2021-2-9 | [Media briefing on COVID-19 origin mission](https://youtu.be/B0ZOTdEmco0)
- Yahoo新聞 | 2021-2-9 | 林孝萱
- [WHO病毒溯源 中衛健委談華南市場](https://tw.news.yahoo.com/who病毒溯源-中衛健委談華南市場-115208754.html)
- WSJ | 2021-1-22 | Jeremy Page, Drew Hinshaw, Betsy McKay
- [WHO Caught Between China and West on Frozen-Food Coronavirus Transmission](https://www.wsj.com/articles/who-caught-between-china-and-west-on-frozen-food-coronavirus-transmission-11611324088)
- Nature | 2021-2-13 | Smriti Mallapaty, Amy Maxmen, Ewen Callaway
- [‘Major stones unturned’: COVID origin search must continue after WHO report, say scientists](https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00375-7)
- Science | 2021-2-14 | Kai Kupferschmidt
- [‘Politics was always in the room.’ WHO mission chief reflects on China trip seeking COVID-19’s origin](https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2021/02/politics-was-always-room-who-mission-chief-reflects-china-trip-seeking-covid-19-s)

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### 2021-3-4-巴黎集團

26人連署公開信，要求「完整且不受限、第三方調查病毒起源」

- Zenodo | 2021-3-4 | 包括V. Courtier、N. Petrovsky、Alina Chan等26人
- [Call for a Full and Unrestricted International Forensic Investigation into the Origins of COVID-19](https://zenodo.org/record/5034097)
- 也刊於[Jamie Metzl的個人網站](https://jamiemetzl.com/open-letter-on-fully-investigating-the-origins-of-covid-19/)，含中文翻譯

[ **2021-4-7** ] 24人連署第二份公開信，要求「全面調查病毒起源」

- Zenodo | 2021-4-7 | 包括R. Ebright、N. Petrovsky等24人
- [Open Letter 2: Call for a Full Investigation into the Origins of COVID-19](https://zenodo.org/record/5035036)

[ **2021-4-30** ] 26人連署第三份公開信，指出WHO調查的缺失，並對實際調查的標準提出建議

- Zenodo | 2021-4-30 | 包括V. Courtier、R. Ebright、N. Petrovsky等26人
- [Open Letter to the World Health Organization and the Members of its Executive Board](https://zenodo.org/record/5035167)

[ **2021-6-28** ] 31人連署第四份公開信，要求「中國全面配合調查」，如中國不配合，他國仍應盡全力收集可得資料並進行分析，並要求中國「不得否決其他國家持續調查的權力」

- Le Figaro | 2021-6-28 | 包含V. Courtier、R. Ebright等31人
- [Open letter from 31 international scientists for "a full investigation into the origin of SARS-CoV-2"](https://www.lalibre.be/debats/opinions/appel-a-une-enquete-complete-sur-l-origine-du-sars-cov-2-si-possible-avec-la-participation-du-gouvernement-chinois-60d9bf499978e26ce1e60c83)
- 連署學者來自法國、西班牙、義大利、德國、奧地利、紐西蘭、印度、澳洲、美國、加拿大、日本
- The Connexion | 2021-7-1 | Hannah Thompson
- [French scientists join group calling for inquiry into Covid origins](https://www.connexionfrance.com/French-news/French-scientists-join-group-calling-for-inquiry-into-Covid-origins)

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### 2021-3-18

Charles Calisher，曾連署27人聲明之學者，認為稱實驗室起源為「陰謀論」過於誇大，並稱在得到進一步證據之前不宜多做置評

- MIT Technology Review | 2021-3-18 | Charles Schmidt
- [Did the coronavirus leak from a lab? These scientists say we shouldn’t rule it out.](https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/03/18/1021030/coronavirus-leak-wuhan-lab-scientists-conspiracy/)

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### 2021-3-25

9名學者於《施普林格》刊登一篇論文，支持實驗室起源說必需被重視，並認為冷鏈說與穿山甲、鼬科動物為中間動物的可能性很低。

- Springer link | 2021-3-25 | Daoyu Zhang與其他數名學者
- [Should we discount the laboratory origin of COVID-19?](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10311-021-01211-0)

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### 2021-3-30

世衛公開起源調查報告

- WHO | 2021-3-30
- [WHO-convened global study of origins of SARS-CoV-2: China Part](https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-convened-global-study-of-origins-of-sars-cov-2-china-part)

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### 2021-5-11

佛奇參議院聽證會接受質詢，承認NIH透過EcoHealth贊助WIV，但否認涉及贊助功能增益(Gain of Function)研究

- 影片 | NBC News | 2021-5-11
- [Dr. Fauci Testifies At Senate Hearing On Covid-19 Response](https://youtu.be/14Z_JOeoK1Y?t=3061)
- 51:02 參議員保羅(Rand Paul)開始對佛奇提問

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### 2021-5-12

佛奇於訪談中鬆口「他不能確信COVID-19是否源於自然溢出」

- 影片 | PolitiFact | 2021-5-12
- [United Facts of America Day 2: Dr. Fauci talks about misinformation](https://youtu.be/k1xBa4-KX0U?t=719)
- 11:49 記者問 "Are you still confident that it developed natually?"(你仍然確信病毒起源於自然界嗎？) 佛奇回答 "No, actually, that's the point that I said."(不，實際上，這就是我說的重點。)
- 13:01 佛奇回答 "No, I'm not convinced. we should continue to investigate what went on in China until we continue to find out to the best of our ability exactly what happened." (不，我不能確信。我們應該繼續調查中國發生的事情，直到我們繼續盡全力釐清真相。 )

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### 2021-5-14

18名學者連署要求對病毒起源重新展開公正調查

- Science | 2021-5-14 | *Akiko Iwasaki, Benjamin Deverman, David Fisman, David Relman, Erik van Nimwegen, Jesse Bloom, Marc Lipsitch, Michael Worobey, Nick Patterson, Pamela Bjorkman, Ralph Baric, Rasmus Nielsen, Ravindra Gupta, Richard Neher, Ruslan Medzhitov, Sarah Cobey, Tim Stearns, Yujia Alina Chan*
- [Investigate the origins of COVID-19](https://science.sciencemag.org/content/372/6543/694.1)
- Ralph Baric曾試圖簽下柳葉刀刊登的27人連署聲明

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### 2021-5-24

Bernard Roizman，曾連署27人聲明之學者，認為疫情可能源於實驗室意外

- WSJ | 2021-5-24 | Jeremy Page, Betsy McKay, Drew Hinshaw
- [The Wuhan Lab Leak Question: A Disused Chinese Mine Takes Center Stage](https://www.wsj.com/articles/wuhan-lab-leak-question-chinese-mine-covid-pandemic-11621871125)
- 截錄：“I’m convinced that what happened is that the virus was brought to a lab, they started to work with it…and some sloppy individual brought it out,” said Bernard Roizman, a University of Chicago virologist and one of the signers. “They can’t admit they did something so stupid.” (芝加哥大學病毒學家、簽名者之一伯納德·羅伊茲曼說：「我確信實情是、病毒被帶到實驗室，然後進行研究...然後一些粗心的人把它帶出來了，他們不能承認自己犯下這麼愚蠢的錯。」)

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### 2021-5-25

國會議員向佛奇與柯林斯質問NIH透過代理轉送給WIV的實際金額數量

- Youtube | CNBC | 2021-5-25
[NIH's Anthony Fauci and Francis Collins testify before Congress on FY 2022 budget](https://youtu.be/K_IB8MjgkvQ)
- 班‧克萊恩(Ben Cline)提問時戳：1:14:27 、2:20:07
- 班認為贊助EcoHealth的資金比佛奇所言之60萬美元還高，並提及15-16年的預算案問題
- Mike Gallagher於5/5，Cathy McMorris Rodgers於3/18、5/6，及多名參議員於5/20致信詢問柯林斯，未得到回覆

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### 2021-5-26

拜登下達90天全面調查令

- 白宮 | 2021-5-26
- [Statement by President Joe Biden on the Investigation into the Origins of COVID-19](https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/05/26/statement-by-president-joe-biden-on-the-investigation-into-the-origins-of-covid-19/)

參議員詢及贊助給WIV時，能否保證對方是否可信，佛奇回答「無法保證」(You never know)

- 影片紀錄 | [National Institutes of Health Fiscal Year 2022 Budget Request](https://www.c-span.org/video/?512042-1/drs-collins-fauci-testify-national-institutes-health-2022-budget-request)
- 49:55 Jonh Kennedy開始質詢
- Youtube | Forbes | [對話截錄](https://youtu.be/_Rt_dcAh8JI)
- National Review | 2021-5-28 | Brittany Bernstein
- [Fauci Argued Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research Outweighed Pandemic Risk in 2012 Paper](https://www.nationalreview.com/news/fauci-argued-benefits-of-gain-of-function-research-outweighed-pandemic-risk-in-2012-paper/)

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### 2021-5-28

學者Birger Sørensen、Angus Dalgleish於2020年所撰寫之論文被Daily Mail報導，稱Covid-19「沒有可信的自然祖先」

- Daily Mail | 2021-5-28 | Josh Boswell
- [EXCLUSIVE: COVID-19 'has NO credible natural ancestor' and WAS created by Chinese scientists who then tried to cover their tracks with 'retro-engineering' to make it seem like it naturally arose from bats, explosive new study claims](https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9629563/Chinese-scientists-created-COVID-19-lab-tried-cover-tracks-new-study-claims.html)
- Sementic Scholar | 2020-7-13 | B. Sørensen, A. Dalgleish, Andres Susrud
- [The Evidence which Suggests that This Is No Naturally Evolved Virus - A Reconstructed Historical Aetiology of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike](https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-Evidence-which-Suggests-that-This-Is-No-Evolved-S%C3%B8rensen-Dalgleish/bae0b5f2cae9f55b0f72349e7964989641a2d71d)
- 該論文早在2020-7-13時便發表於預印本平台

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### 2021-6-1

佛奇的3200多頁電郵被揭露

- [原始PDF](https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/20793561-leopold-nih-foia-anthony-fauci-emails)
- BuzzFeed News | 2021-6-1 | Natalie Bettendorf, Jason Leopold
- [Anthony Fauci’s Emails Reveal The Pressure That Fell On One Man](https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/nataliebettendorf/fauci-emails-covid-response)

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### 2021-6-4

Peter Palese，曾出現在27人連署信之學者，重新要求對病毒起源進行完整調查

- Daily Mail | 2021-6-4 | Joe Davies
- [Now one of the original lab leak deniers calls for a 'thorough investigation' into Covid's origin as he admits 'a lot of disturbing information' has surfaced since he signed Lancet letter denouncing theory](https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9652589/One-original-lab-leak-deniers-calls-thorough-investigation-Covids-origin.html)
- New York Post | 2021-6-4 | Bruce Golding
- [Prominent NYC scientist backtracks on COVID origin over ‘disturbing information’](https://nypost.com/2021/06/04/prominent-nyc-scientist-backtracks-on-natural-origin-of-covid/)

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### 2021-6-13

澳媒影片證實WIV內有儲藏研究用的活蝙蝠

- 影片 | Sky News Australia | 2021-6-13
- [WORLD EXCLUSIVE: Footage proves bats were kept in Wuhan lab](https://youtu.be/ANRs4DojOek)
- Sky News | 2021-6-13 | Sharri Markson
- [WORLD EXCLUSIVE: Footage proves bats were kept in Wuhan lab](https://www.skynews.com.au/details/_6258639874001)

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### 2021-6-21

達扎克被《柳葉刀》的起源調查隊除名

- Human Events | 2021-6-21
- [BREAKING: Dr. Peter Daszak Removed from Covid-19 Commission](https://humanevents.com/2021/06/21/breaking-dr-peter-daszak-removed-from-covid-19-commission/)
- yahoo!News | 2021-6-22 | Bhaswati Guha Majumder
- [In 2020, Peter Dazsak Organised A Letter In Lancet Slamming The Lab-Leak Hypothesis; Today, He Is ‘Recused’ From Journal’s Covid-19 Commission](https://in.news.yahoo.com/2020-peter-dazsak-organised-letter-115452689.html)
- The Lancet | 2021-6-21
- [Addendum: competing interests and the origins of SARS-CoV-2](https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)01377-5/fulltext#%20)
- [《柳葉刀》Covid-19起源調查團隊](https://covid19commission.org/commissioners)

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### 2021-6-29

共和黨舉行武漢肺炎溯源聽證會，佛奇與柯林斯未出席

- 影片 | Forbes | 2021-6-30
- [House Republicans Hold Hearing On COVID-19 Origin, Explore Lab-Leak Theory](https://youtu.be/B3LuOhtrq4M)
- 自由時報 | 2021-7-2 | 黃靖媗
- [說謊！ 中國軍方2017已在武漢實驗室](https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/1458237)