# 病毒起源戰-參考資源

[溯源立場分析表](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/e/2PACX-1vRlZt7do6Y4pNT2qDGbkI1LKg9iqmx1-cxrQKERmLJ0bWuwmWdfkeIeGzbdApjokr7RXggvPxBY6-28/pubhtml)

[ 紅色 ] 偏向施壓異論
- 只要與以下相關，就會歸為紅色
- 電話密會
- 27人連署
- EcoHealth起源調查委員

[ 藍色 ] 偏向支持公正調查
- 只要與以下相關，就會歸為藍色
- 連署任何一份公開聲明，支持公正調查者

[ 黃色 ] 不明
- 無法歸類於紅色或藍色，立場觀察中

-------------------

# 代表人物-自然起源論

[**石正麗**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi_Zhengli)
Shi Zhengli

[**Anthony Fauci**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Fauci)
安東尼‧佛奇

[**Francis Collins**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Collins)
法蘭西斯‧柯林斯

[**Jeremy Farrar**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Farrar)
傑若米‧法拉

[**Peter Daszak**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Daszak)
彼德‧達扎克
[推特](https://twitter.com/peterdaszak)

**Kristian Andersen**
克里斯蒂安‧安德森

[**Richard Horton**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Horton_(editor))
理查‧霍頓

[**Ralph Baric**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_S._Baric)
拉塢夫‧巴里克
曾支持自然起源論，後轉為中立

-------------------

# 代表人物-實驗室起源論

**Alina Yujia Chan**
新加坡 | [推特](https://twitter.com/ayjchan?lang=en)
- [2020-5-3 推特串](https://twitter.com/Ayjchan/status/1256942320068542465)
- [2021-5-18 揭穿十大起源假訊息](https://twitter.com/Ayjchan/status/1394327675884511239)
- [2021-6-12 介紹GoF](https://twitter.com/Ayjchan/status/1403704344009191431)

[**Bret Weinstein**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bret_Weinstein)、[**Heather Heying**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heather_Heying)
美國 | [Youtube](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAWCKUrmvK5F_ynBY_CMlIA)

[**Richard Ebright**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_H._Ebright)
美國 | [推特](https://twitter.com/R_H_Ebright)

**Nikolai Petrovsky**
澳洲 | [推特](https://twitter.com/vaxine_news?lang=en)

[**Angus Dalgleish**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angus_Dalgleish)
英國

**Birger Sørensen**
挪威

-------------------

# 搜證

DRASTIC搜索團隊
- [D.R.A.S.T.I.C. reaserch](https://drasticresearch.org/)
- [D.R.A.S.T.I.C. RESEARCH 2020: ORIGINS](https://www.sutori.com/story/d-r-a-s-t-i-c-research-2020-origins--xCvdWonoJTx4TYVtAC4EhQ1b)
- [D.R.A.S.T.I.C. 2021: REVELATIONS](https://www.sutori.com/story/d-r-a-s-t-i-c-2021-revelations--yqv8FHJw6oq5b8FHUUcqvQmn)
- Jonathan Jay Couey - [Youtube](https://www.youtube.com/c/JConabike/videos)
- Harvard to the Big House - [推特](https://twitter.com/Harvard2H) | [部落格](https://harvardtothebighouse.com/)
- Billy Bostickson(假名) - [推特](https://twitter.com/BillyBostickson) | [Research Gate](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Billy-Bostickson)
- [推特@internetperson](https://twitter.com/interne41914499)
- [推特@The Seeker](https://twitter.com/TheSeeker268)
- [2021-4-8 總整理](https://twitter.com/TheSeeker268/status/1380184753580597249)
- [2021-5-13 三篇WIV未公開論文](https://twitter.com/TheSeeker268/status/1392575191763472388)

個人
- Jesse Bloom - [推特](https://twitter.com/jbloom_lab)
- Ian Birrell - [推特](https://twitter.com/ianbirrell)
- Jamie Metzl - [個站](https://jamiemetzl.com/)
- Meryl Nass - [個站](https://merylnassmd.com/)

政治人物/政黨
- [美國共和黨 - 能源與商業委員會](https://republicans-energycommerce.house.gov/)
- [The COVID-19 Origins Investigation](https://republicans-energycommerce.house.gov/the-covid-19-origins-investigation/)
- Mike Gallagher
- [This is Bigger than Dr. Fauci](https://gallagher.house.gov/media/press-releases/gallagher-bigger-dr-fauci)
- [2021-5-13 推文](https://twitter.com/RepGallagher/status/1392570152667992065?s=20)
- Cathy McMorris Rodgers公開信件：
- [2021-3-18 致柯林斯](https://www.politico.com/f/?id=00000178-460d-d27f-ad7e-57cd8e6c0000)
- [2021-5-6 致達扎克](https://republicans-energycommerce.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/EcoHealth-Alliance-Letter.pdf)
- [2021-6-22 致Samantha Power](https://republicans-energycommerce.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2021.06.22-USAID-Origins-Letter.pdf)

網文/專題
- [Biden Administration International Affairs Personnel Tracker - Anthony Fauci](https://chinaus-icas.org/biden-administration-international-affairs-personnel-tracker/biden-personnel-tracker-climate-health-and-technology/anthony-fauci-chief-medical-advisor-on-covid-19-to-the-president/)
- 2021-6-9 | Leonid Schneider | For Betterr Science
- [The Lab Leak Theory](https://forbetterscience.com/2021/06/09/the-lab-leak-theory/)
- 2021-6-25 | Zeynep Tufekci | 紐時
- [Where Did the Coronavirus Come From? What We Already Know Is Troubling.](https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/25/opinion/coronavirus-lab.html?smid=tw-share)
- 2021-6-29 | Rowan Jacobsen | 麻省理工科技評論
- [Inside the risky bat-virus engineering that links America to Wuhan](https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/06/29/1027290/gain-of-function-risky-bat-virus-engineering-links-america-to-wuhan/)
- [其中一名受訪人Richard Ebright的推特討論](https://twitter.com/R_H_Ebright/status/1409900592814755843)
- 2021-6-28 | Mattathias Schwartz | Insider
- [The US is concealing its research on deadly viruses — while criticizing China's secrecy over the Wuhan lab](https://web.archive.org/web/20210629025714/https://www.businessinsider.com/covid-pandemic-gain-function-research-hhs-nih-fauci-wuhan-china-2021-6)
- [記者Mattathias的推特討論](https://twitter.com/Schwartzesque/status/1409561888762044425)
- 2021-3-8 | Josh Rogin | Politico
- [In 2018, Diplomats Warned of Risky Coronavirus Experiments in a Wuhan Lab. No One Listened.](https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2021/03/08/josh-rogin-chaos-under-heaven-wuhan-lab-book-excerpt-474322)

-------------------

# 參考

維基
- [Covid-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19)
- [Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019)
- [Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic)
- [Investigations into the origin of COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19#Biden_administration)
- [COVID-19 misinformation by China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_China)
- [Gain of function research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gain_of_function_research)
- [RaTG13](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RaTG13)

論壇
- [FluTrackers - China COVID-19](https://flutrackers.com/forum/forum/china-other-health-threats)

起源調查團隊名單
- [WHO](https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus/origins-of-the-virus)
- [EcoHealth](https://www.ecohealthalliance.org/2020/11/members-of-the-lancet-covid-commission-task-force-on-the-origins-of-sars-cov-2-named)
- [Lancet](https://covid19commission.org/commissioners)

-------------------

# 記錄

WHO
- [Origins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus](https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus/origins-of-the-virus)
- [Listings of WHO’s response to COVID-19](https://www.who.int/news/item/29-06-2020-covidtimeline)
- [Archived: WHO Timeline - COVID-19](https://www.who.int/news/item/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19)

佛奇的電郵
- [Anthony Fauci’s Emails Reveal The Pressure That Fell On One Man](https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/nataliebettendorf/fauci-emails-covid-response)

聽證會記錄
- U.S. Senate committee on Health, education labor & pensions
- [Hearings](https://www.help.senate.gov/hearings)
- 2020-6-30 [COVID-19: Update on Progress Toward Safely Getting Back to Work and Back to School](https://www.help.senate.gov/hearings/covid-19-update-on-progress-toward-safely-getting-back-to-work-and-back-to-school)
- 2021-5-11 [An Update from Federal Officials on Efforts to Combat COVID-19](https://www.help.senate.gov/hearings/an-update-from-federal-officials-on-efforts-to-combat-covid-19)
- 2021-5-25 [National Institutes of Health Fiscal Year 2022 Budget Request](https://www.c-span.org/video/?512007-1/national-institutes-health-fiscal-year-2022-budget-request)
- youtube
- 2021-5-25 [NIH's Anthony Fauci and Francis Collins testify before Congress on FY 2022 budget — 5/25/21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_IB8MjgkvQ&t=2987s)
- [部份對話](https://www.kennedy.senate.gov/public/2021/5/kennedy-asks-fauci-whether-wuhan-lab-lied-you-never-know)
- 2021-6-29 [House Republicans Hold Hearing On COVID-19 Origin, Explore Lab-Leak Theory](https://youtu.be/B3LuOhtrq4M)

-------------------

# 2021-5-11 參議院聽證會

佛奇在美國參議院聽證會接受質詢，承認NIH透過EcoHealth贊助WIV，但否認涉及贊助功能增益(Gain of Function)研究

- 影片 | NBC News | 2021-5-11
- [Dr. Fauci Testifies At Senate Hearing On Covid-19 Response](https://youtu.be/14Z_JOeoK1Y?t=3061)
- 51:02 參議員保羅(Rand Paul)對佛奇提問，提及NIH金援WIV，巴里克與石正麗的合作，以及WIV進行蝙蝠新冠病毒與功能增益研究
- 52:56 佛奇回覆，否認NIH贊助WIV進行功能增益研究，否認巴里克進行功能增益研究、若有的話也是根據北加州訂定之標準執行
- 53:30 保羅提出，至少[200名劍橋學者連署](http://www.cambridgeworkinggroup.org/)，稱功能增益研究可能造成大流行(該連署發布於2014-7-14，非針對WIV與COVID-19)
- 53:43 佛奇駁斥，根據報告，贊助內容不包含功能增益
- 53:56 保羅續問，NIH是否提供WIV研究經費，佛奇說「現在」已經不再提供，保羅說「過去」是在佛奇的監督下透過EcoHealth送錢給WIV，佛奇辯解贊助WIV的必要性
- 54:35 保羅堅稱NIH贊助不可信的中國的研究設施，提及巴里克使用的[no-see-um(一種蠓科昆蟲)技術](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8119695_Development_of_mouse_hepatitis_virus_and_SARS-CoV_infectious_cDNA_constructs)，及其身為功能增益研究的倡導者，也表示不能排除實驗室洩漏的可能性。
- 56:26 佛奇回答，他無法完全掌握中國可能進行的實驗項目，但他贊同需要進一步調查，並強調NIH與NIAID「明確地(categorically)」沒有贊助功能增益研究
- 56:50 保羅稱佛奇支持美國內11間實驗室進行功能增益研究
- 57:16 佛奇同意需要對病毒起源做調查，並再次強調他們沒有贊助WIV進行功能增益研究
- 57:33 保羅說石與巴里克博士進行過的研究內容顯示、其即為功能增益研究
- 58:10 佛奇總結針對保羅提問的回答

## 對話譯文

先餵GOOGLE翻譯，有空才會回來修

### 54:35

[Paul]
Government defenders of gain of function such as yourself, say that "Covid-19 mutations were random and not designed by man".
But interestingly the technique that Dr. Barrick developed "forces mutation by serial passage through cell culture that the mutations appear to be natural".
In fact, Dr. Barick named the technique "the no-see-um technique" because the mutation appear naturally.
像你這樣捍衛政府沒資助功能增益的人說，「Covid-19的突變是隨機的，並非透過人為改造」。
但有趣的是，巴里克博士開發的技術「通過細胞培養的連續傳代迫使突變，使突變看似為自然產生」。
事實上，巴里克博士將該技術命名為「no-see-um(一種蠓科昆蟲)技術」，因為突變是自然出現的。

Nicholas Baker in the new york magazine said "Nobody would know if the virus had been fabricated in a laboratory or grown in nature".
Governor authorities in the US including yourself unequivocally deny that covid-19 could have escaped a lab.
紐約雜誌的尼古拉斯·貝克說：「沒有人會知道病毒是在實驗室製造的還是在自然界中生長的」。
包括您在內的美國州長當局明確否認 covid-19 可能已經逃離了實驗室。

But even Dr. Shi in Wuhan wasn't so sure according to Nicholas Baker, Dr Shi wondered "could this new virus have come from her own laboratory?"
She checked her records frantically and found no matches, "That really took a load off my mind" she said, "I had not slept for days."
The director of the gain-of-function recearch in Wuhan couldn't sleep because she was terrified that it might be in her lab.
但據尼古拉斯·貝克說，即使是武漢的石博士也不太確定，石博士想知道「這種新病毒會來自她自己的實驗室嗎？」
她瘋狂地查看自己的記錄，沒有找到匹配項，「這真的讓我放下心中一塊大石」，她說，「我已經好幾天睡不著覺了。」
武漢功能獲得研究的負責人睡不著，因為**她害怕病毒可能來自她的實驗室**。

Dr Barick an advocate of gain of function research admits "the main problem that the institute of virology has is the outbreak occurred in close proximity."
What are the odds!
Barrick responded, "Could you rule out a laboratory escape?" the answer in this case is "Probably not."
Will you in front of this group categrorically say that the Covid-19 could not have occurred through serial passage in a laboratory?
巴里克博士是功能獲得研究的倡導者，他承認「病毒學研究所的主要問題是位於爆發點附近。」
怎麼會這麼巧！
巴里克回答說：「你能排除實驗室洩漏的可能性嗎？」在這種情況下，答案是「可能沒法排除」。
站在這個群體的前面，你能斷然說「Covid-19 不可能通過實驗室的連續傳代產生」嗎？

- 2005年Barick發表之論文： [Development of mouse hepatitis virus and SARS-CoV infectious cDNA constructs](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8119695_Development_of_mouse_hepatitis_virus_and_SARS-CoV_infectious_cDNA_constructs)
- 2021-5-18 | Glenn Kessler | [Fact-checking the Paul-Fauci flap over Wuhan lab funding](https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/05/18/fact-checking-senator-paul-dr-fauci-flap-over-wuhan-lab-funding/)

### 57:33

[Paul]
There was research done with Dr. Shi and Dr. baric
They have collaborated on gain of function research, where they enhance the sars virus to infect human airway cells, and they did it by merging a new spike protein on it.
that is gain of function.
That was joint research between the wuhan institute and dr barrick.
You can't deny it.
石博士和巴里克博士進行了研究
他們合作進行了功能研究，增強了 sars 病毒以感染人類呼吸道細胞，並通過在其上合併一種新的刺突蛋白來做到這一點。
這就是功能增益。
那是武漢研究所和巴里克博士的聯合研究。
你不能否認這點。

### 58:10

[Fauci]
we did not fund gain of function research to be conducted in the wuhan institute of virology.
我們沒有資助武漢病毒研究所進行功能增益研究。

-------------------

# 2021-5-25 國會聽證會

國會議員向佛奇與柯林斯質問NIH透過代理轉送給WIV的實際金額數量
(理解力有限，部份金額討論的筆記可能有錯)

- Youtube | CNBC | 2021-5-25
[NIH's Anthony Fauci and Francis Collins testify before Congress on FY 2022 budget](https://youtu.be/K_IB8MjgkvQ)
- 42:24 安迪‧哈里斯(Andy Harris)發問
- 提及NIH透過代理支助WIV至少370萬美元(柯林斯承認)，並確認美方是否知道WIV是否有進行功能增益研究
- 43:30 柯: NIH不同意進行功能增益研究
- 44:25 哈: 美方是否送錢給俄羅斯進行研究？柯回答不確定。
- 44:49 哈: 提及《自然》於去年九月提及人源化小鼠(humanized mice)由NIAID贊助，該研究樣本採用人類流產胎兒組織移植至老鼠身上，NIH是否知道人類樣本從何取得？
- 45:27 佛: 研究過程一切符合已制定之標準與監督
- 1:00:18 馬克‧波坎(Mark Pocan)發言，提及各種起源論的可能性
- 1:01:15 佛: 為何我們與中國合作研究?
- 為了防止像2003~2003的Sars-Cov-1再度發生
- 需就近在起源點做相關研究
- NIH透過EcoHealth贊助60萬美元給WIV進行5年之相關研究，60萬美元並不算多
- 研究目的在觀察病毒是否能從動物傳給人類
- 該贊助目的不在支持功能增益研究
- 1:14:27 班‧克萊恩(Ben Cline)
- **2011年由佛與柯於《華盛頓郵報》專欄文**
- 國會議員Mike Gallagher五月初的一封信寫明，編列給EcoHealth之預算為1700萬美元
- 1:16:30 佛:
- 編列(allocated)的80萬，約60萬花在一項為期5年的研究，因此每年平均為12.5-15萬
- EcoHealth有數百萬元經費，佛不知實際的數目
- 1:17:09 班:
- EcoHealth得到1370萬經費
- NIAID贊助17項研究，約790萬來自聯邦獎金(federal rewards)，用以研究東南亞蝙蝠病毒(viral emergence from bats in southeast Asia)，其中由代理在2020年撥出一部份給WIV
- 提及一封佛寫給EcoHealth的信件
- 1:18:40 佛駁斥自己未寫班所述的那篇專欄文
- 1:18:50 班說那是一封2020四月由NIH寫給EcoHealth的文件
- 1:18:57 佛認為該信來自NIH一號樓(building one)，並非由他經手
- 1:19:05 班問柯是否有回覆Mike Gallagher於5/5寫的信，柯回答還在起草中
- 1:19:24 班問柯是否有回覆Cathy McMorris Rodgers於3/18、5/6寫的兩封信，柯回答還在起草中，因為信中問題很多。班續問5/20還有數名參議員(包含Johnson)致信詢問，柯回答回覆亦在起草中。
- 1:58:01 湯姆‧科爾(Tom Cole)提及中國不可信、有竊取智財的紀錄，要如何確保美方在合作上的保障，柯承認過往研究合作中有遭受一部份不誠信的人利用，多數人來自中國的「千人計畫」或類似計畫。
- 2:20:07 班問柯去年一月報告指出，NIH解決(resolve)了2015-2016年時未支的487項帳目中的262項，但在為期六個月的審計決議中有63%(262項中的166項)未解決，至2016/9/30時NIH有225項帳目未解決。柯回答此為一項針對IT系統與資安支出的報告。

-------------------

# 2021-6-29 病毒溯源聽證會

共和黨舉行武漢肺炎溯源聽證會，佛奇與柯林斯未出席

- 影片 | Forbes | 2021-6-30
- [House Republicans Hold Hearing On COVID-19 Origin, Explore Lab-Leak Theory](https://youtu.be/B3LuOhtrq4M)