# zkMemory [chiro@orochi.network](mailto://chiro@orochi.network) Voluteer at [](https://zkplabs.network) --- # Agenda - Whoami? - Intro to ZKP - Overview - Specification - Growth potential - Q & A --- ## ~$ whoami - Founder of Orochi Network - ZKP - MPC (threshold signature, ECVRF) - VRF and VDF - Cryptography - Love Open Source. Yes, i love GNU/Linux - Love Programming. Yes, i love Rust - Love Cyber Security & Cryptography --- ## Intro to ZKP #1 - Everything is in heavily development - Hard to catch up with academic side - Code works or not work magically - High complexity - Security is a mist --- ## Intro to ZKP #2  --- ## Intro to ZKP #3 Schrödinger's cat but in zkSNARK.  --- ## Overview - Everybody who do zkVM, have to handle the memory themselves - No one actually try to generalized the memory - Modular is a thing _(think about everything can be built in lego style)_ --- ## Spec #1 What is memory? - Storage is a memory but it's persist - Stack is a memory with a pointer - Registers can be emulated by several memory cells --- ## Spec #2 Why we need to commit the memory? - Make sure the memory state is consistent - Prover can not cheat in a private computation --- ## Spec #3 How do we do it? You might aware that the memory can be constructed as a simple state machine with $2$ instructions `READ` and `WRITE`. --- ## Spec #4 Memory trace | Address | Time Log | Instruction | Value | | -------- | -------- | ----------- | -------- | | 0x..0000 | 1 | `READ` | 0x..0000 | | 0x..0000 | 2 | `WRITE` | 0x..0a20 | | 0x..0020 | 3 | `WRITE` | 0x..0010 | | 0x..0020 | 4 | `READ` | 0x..0010 | | 0x... | .. | ... | ... | --- ## Spec #5 Memory Cell  --- ## Spec #6 Merkle tree proof cost $\mathcal{O}(log_2n)$  --- ## Spec #7 KZG Commitment - $\mathsf{Setup}$: Output $crs=\left(\{[s^i]\}_{i \in \{0,\dots, k-1\}}\right)$. - $\mathsf{Commit}(f(X),crs)$: Output $[f(s)]_1$. - $\mathsf{OpenWitness}(f(X),crs,i)$: Output $\pi=(i,f(i),[(f(s)-f(i))/(s-i)])$. - $\mathsf{VerifyWitness}(crs,C,\pi=(i,y,w_i))$: Check $e(C-[y],[1])=e([s-i],w_i)$. --- ## Spec #8 KZG without verkle tree Combining KZG with Verkle Tree: - Construction time: $\mathcal{O}(kn)$. - [Constant proof size and verfication time](https://dankradfeist.de/ethereum/2021/06/18/pcs-multiproofs.html). --- ## Spec #9 Verkle Tree  --- ## Sepc #10 Milestones - Implement zkMemory as a state machine - Support Halo2 - Support Nova & SuperNova - Research folding scheme for vector commiment --- ## Growth potential What if we combine zkMemory with Nova like proof system? - ZK File System _(distributed storage + ZKP)_ - ZK Database [$^{1}$](https://github.com/orochi-network/zkDatabase) _(provable data)_ - Support all zkVM projects[$^{2}$](https://zkresear.ch/t/towards-a-nova-based-zk-vm/105) --- # Thank You for Your Attention ## Q & A