# KG: neo4j & Python application 101

### Part 1 neo4j 資料庫

step 1: 建立資料庫
https://neo4j.com/cloud/platform/aura-graph-database/

step 2: 下載 credential 資料
並存放在你的工作資料夾.
如果你下載上述連線資訊,這是你唯一次看到 password 的機會!!

step 3: 安裝 neo4j 套件

instal drivers:

pip install neo4j
pip install python-dotenv

step 4: 連線測試

setup.py

# Syntax for Connect to neo4j database
# from neo4j import GraphDatabase

# URI = "<URI for Neo4j database>"
# AUTH = ("<Username>", "<Password>")

import dotenv
import os
from neo4j import GraphDatabase

load_status = dotenv.load_dotenv("Neo4j-AURA_instanceID-created-date.txt")
if load_status is False:
    raise RuntimeError('Environment variables not loaded.')

URI = os.getenv("NEO4J_URI")
AUTH = (os.getenv("NEO4J_USERNAME"), os.getenv("NEO4J_PASSWORD"))

with GraphDatabase.driver(URI, auth=AUTH) as driver:
    driver.verify_connectivity()

### Part 2

#### 範例1 Create, Read, Update, Delete

crud.py

import dotenv
import os
from neo4j import GraphDatabase


# URI = "<URI for Neo4j database>"
# AUTH = ("<Username>", "<Password>")

load_status = dotenv.load_dotenv("Neo4j-AURA_instanceID-created-date.txt")
if load_status is False:
    raise RuntimeError('Environment variables not loaded.')

URI = os.getenv("NEO4J_URI")
AUTH = (os.getenv("NEO4J_USERNAME"), os.getenv("NEO4J_PASSWORD"))


people = [{"name": "Alice", "age": 42, "friends": ["Bob", "Peter", "Anna"]},
          {"name": "Bob", "age": 19},
          {"name": "Peter", "age": 50},
          {"name": "Anna", "age": 30}]

with GraphDatabase.driver(URI, auth=AUTH) as driver:
    try:
        # Create some nodes
        for person in people:
            records, summary, keys = driver.execute_query(
                "MERGE (p:Person {name: $person.name, age: $person.age})",
                person=person,
                database_="neo4j",
            )

        # Create some relationships
        for person in people:
            if person.get("friends"):
                records, summary, keys = driver.execute_query("""
                    MATCH (p:Person {name: $person.name})
                    UNWIND $person.friends AS friend_name
                    MATCH (friend:Person {name: friend_name})
                    MERGE (p)-[:KNOWS]->(friend)
                    """, person=person,
                    database_="neo4j",
                )

        # Retrieve Alice's friends who are under 40
        records, summary, keys = driver.execute_query("""
            MATCH (p:Person {name: $name})-[:KNOWS]-(friend:Person)
            WHERE friend.age < $age
            RETURN friend
            """, name="Alice", age=40,
            routing_="r",
            database_="neo4j",
        )
        # Loop through results and do something with them
        for record in records:
            print(record)
        # Summary information
        print("The query `{query}` returned {records_count} records in {time} ms.".format(
            query=summary.query, records_count=len(records),
            time=summary.result_available_after
        ))

    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        # further logging/processing

#### 範例2 Transaction
隨機產生100名員工, 及10家企業. 每家企業至多可雇用10名員工. 檢查公式如下:
* Create new Person node with given name, if not exists already
* Obtain most recent organization ID and the number of people linked to it
* If org does not have too many employees, add this Person to that
* Otherwise, create a new Organization and link Person to it
* Return the Organization ID to which the new Person ends up in

transaction.py

import dotenv
import os
from neo4j import GraphDatabase

load_status = dotenv.load_dotenv("Neo4j-AURA_instanceID-created-date.txt")
if load_status is False:
    raise RuntimeError('Environment variables not loaded.')

URI = os.getenv("NEO4J_URI")
AUTH = (os.getenv("NEO4J_USERNAME"), os.getenv("NEO4J_PASSWORD"))


employee_threshold=10


def main():
    with GraphDatabase.driver(URI, auth=AUTH) as driver:
        with driver.session(database="neo4j") as session:
            for i in range(100):
                name = f"Thor{i}"
                org_id = session.execute_write(employ_person_tx, name)
                print(f"User {name} added to organization {org_id}")


def employ_person_tx(tx, name):
    # Create new Person node with given name, if not exists already
    result = tx.run("""
        MERGE (p:Person {name: $name})
        RETURN p.name AS name
        """, name=name
    )

    # Obtain most recent organization ID and the number of people linked to it
    result = tx.run("""
        MATCH (o:Organization)
        RETURN o.id AS id, COUNT{(p:Person)-[r:WORKS_FOR]->(o)} AS employees_n
        ORDER BY o.created_date DESC
        LIMIT 1
    """)
    org = result.single()

    if org is not None and org["employees_n"] == 0:
        raise Exception("Most recent organization is empty.")
        # Transaction will roll back -> not even Person is created!

    # If org does not have too many employees, add this Person to that
    if org is not None and org.get("employees_n") < employee_threshold:
        result = tx.run("""
            MATCH (o:Organization {id: $org_id})
            MATCH (p:Person {name: $name})
            MERGE (p)-[r:WORKS_FOR]->(o)
            RETURN $org_id AS id
            """, org_id=org["id"], name=name
        )

    # Otherwise, create a new Organization and link Person to it
    else:
        result = tx.run("""
            MATCH (p:Person {name: $name})
            CREATE (o:Organization {id: randomuuid(), created_date: datetime()})
            MERGE (p)-[r:WORKS_FOR]->(o)
            RETURN o.id AS id
            """, name=name
        )

    # Return the Organization ID to which the new Person ends up in
    return result.single()["id"]


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()