># Dilara Söğüt :::info > [name=Dilara SÖĞÜT] > [time=Tuesday, June 1 2021 01.11 AM] **Plant Viruses: [and Their Differences From Animal Viruses](https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=62914AC2C81A4484A8785EF04FD6DB77)** ::: # **PLANT VIRUSES** Plant viruses, like other viruses, contain a core of either DNA or RNA. As plant viruses have a cell wall to protect their cells, their viruses do not use receptor-mediated endocytosis to enter host cells as is seen with animal viruses. For many plant viruses to be transferred from plant to plant, damage to some of the plants’ cells must occur to allow the virus to enter a new host. This damage is often caused by weather, insects, animals, fire, or human activities such as farming or landscaping. Additionally, plant offspring may inherit viral diseases from parent plants. ![](https://i.imgur.com/ZAvcRp5.png) ----- :::success - **Structure** Over 50% of known plant viruses are rod-shaped (flexuous or rigid). The length of the particle is normally dependent on the genome but it is usually between 300–500 nm with a diameter of 15–20 nm. Protein subunits can be placed around the circumference of a circle to form a disc. In the presence of the viral genome, the discs are stacked, then a tube is created with room for the nucleic acid genome in the middle. The second most common structure amongst plant viruses are isometric particles. They are 25–50 nm in diameter. In cases when there is only a single coat protein, the basic structure consists of 60 T subunits, where T is an integer. ![](https://i.imgur.com/M5jvwat.png) ::: ---- :::warning - **Virus Transmission** Plant viruses can be transmitted by a variety of vectors: through contact with an infected plant’s sap, by living organisms such as insects and nematodes, and through pollen. When plant viruses are transferred between different plants, this is known as horizontal transmission; when they are inherited from a parent, this is called vertical transmission. ![](https://i.imgur.com/A155U5D.jpg) ::: ----- :::info - **Types of Viral Diseases In Plants Are;** Viral Disease |**Host** | | ----------- | ----------------------- | | Tobacco Mosaic Virus|Tobacco, Pepper, Potato, Tomato, Eggplant, Cucumber and Petunia | | Cauliflower Mosaic Virus|Cucumber, Tomato, Peppers, Melons, Squash, Spinach, Celery, Beet and other plants | | Barley Yellow Dwarf| Grains and staple crops, including wheat| | Bud Blight| Soybeans | | Leaf curl Virus| Cotton, Papaya, Bhendi, Chilly, Capsicum, Tomato, Tobacco | :::danger ![](https://i.imgur.com/faavz3f.png) ::: ----- :::danger **Similarities Between Plant Virus and Animal Virus** - Both plant virus and animal virus are intracellular obligate parasites. - They live within a host cell. - They have either DNA or RNA genomes. - Both types of viruses cause various diseases. - Their genomes can either be single-stranded or double-stranded. - Both can either be naked or enveloped. ::: ----- :::success - **Differences Between Plant and Animal Viruses** | | Plant Viruses | **Animal Viruses** | | --- | ------------- | ------------------ | |*Capsid* |Only external boundary | Capsid and envelope | |*Genetic Materials* | RNA | DNA | |*Nucleic Acid and Strand* | Single Strand | Double Strand | |*Nature of Nucleic Acid* | Linear | Linear or Circular | |*Infection* |Enter through pore or wound|Enter through with phagocytosis | ::: ---- :::danger - **Comparison Between Plant and Animal Viruses** ![](https://i.imgur.com/ts4cV1l.jpg) ::: ----- :::spoiler OTHER REFERENCES - Yu Zhang, Yixin Dong, Jinhua Zhou, Xun Li, and Fei Wang from Zhang, Y.; Dong, Y.; Zhou, J.; Li, X.; Wang, F. (2018) Application of Plant Viruses as a Biotemplate for Nanomaterial Fabrication. Molecules, 23, 2311. - Rybicki, Edward P. (2019). Plant molecular farming of virus‐like nanoparticles as vaccines and reagents. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology, (), –.