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title: Beyzanur Nükyen - Parvoviruses

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# Beyzanur Nükyen - Parvoviruses

> [name=1605A056]


# **Parvoviruses**

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# **- General Information**


|Virus Classification |**Name** |
| ----------- | ----------------------- |
|Realm|*Monodnaviria*|
|Kingdom|*Shotokuvirae*|
|Phylum|*Cossaviricota*|
|Class|*Quintoviricetes*|
|Order|	*Piccovirales*|
|Family|***Parvoviridae***|

- Family of parvoviridae
- Single-strand DNA
- A small viruse (23–28 nm in diameter)
- Naked icosahedral viruses

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## **- Classification of Parvoviruses**

#### Taxonomy
*  The viruses are found in most animals, not only in vertebrates but also in invertebrates such as mosquitoes. 
*  Parvoviruses can be divided into two groups: one that depends on the helper virus *“defective parvovirus”*, and another that does not depend on the helper virus *“autonomous parvovirus”*.

* ***Table:** Classification of Parvoviruses*
![](https://i.imgur.com/G1pDjIs.jpg)
Table is taken from ^Human Parvoviruses, Kevin E. Brown, Virus Reference Department, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, UK



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## - Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV)

![](https://i.imgur.com/9qdEZea.jpg)
**AAV capsids** (A) A diagram illustrating. (B) Electron microscopic image of AAV particles.

* A small icosahedral capsid (28 nm - T51 symmetry)
* ss-DNA packaged genome (5 kb in length)
* Nonenveloped - Naked
* Defective kind
* Human hosted
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## - Genome Structure of AAV

* It is a *palindrome* sequence, 115 nt in length, and is termed ITR(inverted terminal repeat).
* ITR serves as a primer for **viral DNA replication**.
* AAV capsid particles contain either positive- or negative-strand DNA.
* As the single-strand DNA is converted to double-strand DNA during the viral DNA replication.

![](https://i.imgur.com/PTJgKwW.jpg)

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{%youtube job1rM0v2P4%}
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## - Protein-coding of AAV 
* RepORF and Cap ORF are the essential ORF encodes. 
![](https://i.imgur.com/0MlexnR.jpg)

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## - AAV Life Cycle
![](https://i.imgur.com/LBmOho0.jpg)

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# - Life Cycle of Parvovirus
![](https://i.imgur.com/x6TWVIE.jpg)


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*There is a video that summarised the whole life cycle process of Parvovirus. (There is English subtitle)
{%youtube NhWSLOiWppI%}
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