###### tags: `芷蕾`, `產品經理學程`
# 搞定一個專案的關鍵要素
## 好的PM
**能隨時根據現況調整計畫，並逐步朝著目標邁進。**

計畫趕不上變化，現在世界變化的太快，如果太過強調根據舊有的計畫行事，容易白忙一場。

## 專案的四個階段
1. 啟動
3. 規劃
4. 執行
5. 交付驗收

### 啟動
**關鍵：明確方向**
一個專案的產生，背後一定會有想解決的問題，善用議題思考，不只釐清需求，還要釐清背後的原因，是看到什麼機會/威脅，才有這樣的策略，延伸出來這個需求，於是有這個專案。


專案要啟動，也要去協調資源跟找PM。

### 規劃
**關鍵：消除不確定性**!
這個階段可能會產出什麼呢？
* **Scope Statement** – A document that clearly defines the business need, benefits of the project, objectives, deliverables, and key milestones. A scope statement may change during the project, but it shouldn’t be done without the approval of the project manager and the sponsor.

* **Work Breakdown Schedule (WBS)** –This is a visual representation that breaks down the scope of the project into manageable sections for the team.

* **Milestones** – Identify high-level goals that need to be met throughout the project and include them in the Gantt chart.

* **Gantt Chart** – A visual timeline that you can use to plan out tasks and visualize your project timeline.

* **Communication Plan** – This is of particular importance if your project involves outside stakeholders. Develop the proper messaging around the project and create a schedule of when to communicate with team members based on deliverables and milestones.

* **Risk Management Plan** – Identify all foreseeable risks. Common risks include unrealistic time and cost estimates, customer review cycle, budget cuts, changing requirements, and lack of committed resources.

資訊來源：[Demystifying the 5 Phases of Project Management](https://www.smartsheet.com/blog/demystifying-5-phases-project-management)

在還未跟各種會涉入其中的人深度溝通時，我們還是會先列一個大概的計畫，也就是draft plan，列完之後會在列一個不確定清單，為的就是管理不確定性，之後會拿著這份清單去確認、試圖解決，之後就會再展開第二版計畫了。

### 執行
**關鍵：精準執行與變更管理**

### 交付驗收
**關鍵：專注於成果交付**


## 總結
**專案經理的目標在於順利結案，並且達到預期的效益。**