# 密碼朋克 Cypherpunk 簡介

### 密碼學郵件列表

密碼朋克運動於西元 1922 年 09 月 19 日在美國加利福尼亞州舊金山灣區旁的柏克利私人住宅舉辦會議，旨在討論現代密碼學對現代與未來社會所帶來的影響。

這場會議匯聚了世界上許多聰明的人，包括來自提早退休的前英特爾 Intel 首席科學家 Timothy C. May 、電子前哨基金會的聯合創辦人 John Gilmore、數學家兼軟體工程師 Eric Hughes 和 GNU 作業系統的主要貢獻者等。

筆名為 St. Jude 的女性軟體工程師、駭客兼作家 Jude Milhon 是賽博朋克雜誌《Mondo 2000》的聯合編輯，她在這場會議上幽默的替密碼朋克取了這個名字，Cypherpunk 是模仿賽博龐克Cyberpunk 一詞，由 Cipher（密碼）和 Punk（朋克）組合而成的，她寫道：

> 「我認為你們是密碼無政府主義者 —— 我稱之為密碼朋克！」

這場會議最後在 Eric Hughes 借助 Hugh Daniel 的幫助下，創建了名為 Crypherpunks 的密碼學電子郵件列表 Cryptography Mailing List 組織，並發表出版《密碼龐克宣言》。最初幾個月加入的成員包括在安全駭客 Security hacker 領域被稱為嘎吱船長 Captain Crunch 的美國電話飛客 Phone phreak，John Draper、維基解密的創辦人 Julian Paul Assange、全球資訊網 World Wide Web 的發明者 Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee 爵士、臉書的共同創辦人 Sean Parker、密碼學家 Hal Finney、首次提出智能合約概念的密碼學家 Nick Szabo，其中也包括比特幣的發明者 —— 中本聰Satoshi Nakamoto。

* https://www.metzdowd.com/mailman/listinfo/cryptography

<br />

> A Cypherpunk's Manifesto
> by Eric Hughes
> Privacy is necessary for an open society in the electronic age. Privacy is not secrecy. A private matter is something one doesn't want the whole world to know, but a secret matter is something one doesn't want anybody to know. Privacy is the power to selectively reveal oneself to the world.
>
> If two parties have some sort of dealings, then each has a memory of their interaction. Each party can speak about their own memory of this; how could anyone prevent it? One could pass laws against it, but the freedom of speech, even more than privacy, is fundamental to an open society; we seek not to restrict any speech at all. If many parties speak together in the same forum, each can speak to all the others and aggregate together knowledge about individuals and other parties. The power of electronic communications has enabled such group speech, and it will not go away merely because we might want it to.
>
> Since we desire privacy, we must ensure that each party to a transaction have knowledge only of that which is directly necessary for that transaction. Since any information can be spoken of, we must ensure that we reveal as little as possible. In most cases personal identity is not salient. When I purchase a magazine at a store and hand cash to the clerk, there is no need to know who I am. When I ask my electronic mail provider to send and receive messages, my provider need not know to whom I am speaking or what I am saying or what others are saying to me; my provider only need know how to get the message there and how much I owe them in fees. When my identity is revealed by the underlying mechanism of the transaction, I have no privacy. I cannot here selectively reveal myself; I must always reveal myself.
>
> Therefore, privacy in an open society requires anonymous transaction systems. Until now, cash has been the primary such system. An anonymous transaction system is not a secret transaction system. An anonymous system empowers individuals to reveal their identity when desired and only when desired; this is the essence of privacy.
>
> Privacy in an open society also requires cryptography. If I say something, I want it heard only by those for whom I intend it. If the content of my speech is available to the world, I have no privacy. To encrypt is to indicate the desire for privacy, and to encrypt with weak cryptography is to indicate not too much desire for privacy. Furthermore, to reveal one's identity with assurance when the default is anonymity requires the cryptographic signature.
>
> We cannot expect governments, corporations, or other large, faceless organizations to grant us privacy out of their beneficence. It is to their advantage to speak of us, and we should expect that they will speak. To try to prevent their speech is to fight against the realities of information. Information does not just want to be free, it longs to be free. Information expands to fill the available storage space. Information is Rumor's younger, stronger cousin; Information is fleeter of foot, has more eyes, knows more, and understands less than Rumor.
>
> We must defend our own privacy if we expect to have any. We must come together and create systems which allow anonymous transactions to take place. People have been defending their own privacy for centuries with whispers, darkness, envelopes, closed doors, secret handshakes, and couriers. The technologies of the past did not allow for strong privacy, but electronic technologies do.
>
> We the Cypherpunks are dedicated to building anonymous systems. We are defending our privacy with cryptography, with anonymous mail forwarding systems, with digital signatures, and with electronic money.
>
> Cypherpunks write code. We know that someone has to write software to defend privacy, and since we can't get privacy unless we all do, we're going to write it. We publish our code so that our fellow Cypherpunks may practice and play with it. Our code is free for all to use, worldwide. We don't much care if you don't approve of the software we write. We know that software can't be destroyed and that a widely dispersed system can't be shut down.
>
> Cypherpunks deplore regulations on cryptography, for encryption is fundamentally a private act. The act of encryption, in fact, removes information from the public realm. Even laws against cryptography reach only so far as a nation's border and the arm of its violence. Cryptography will ineluctably spread over the whole globe, and with it the anonymous transactions systems that it makes possible.
>
> For privacy to be widespread it must be part of a social contract. People must come and together deploy these systems for the common good. Privacy only extends so far as the cooperation of one's fellows in society. We the Cypherpunks seek your questions and your concerns and hope we may engage you so that we do not deceive ourselves. We will not, however, be moved out of our course because some may disagree with our goals.
>
> The Cypherpunks are actively engaged in making the networks safer for privacy. Let us proceed together apace.
>
> Onward.
>
> Eric Hughes <[e-mail]>
>
> 9 March 1993

<br />

> 1993 年 03 月 09 日，Eric Hughes 出版《密碼龐克宣言》：
>
> 「我們密碼龐克致力於構建匿名系統。我們通過密碼學、匿名電子郵件傳輸系統、數位簽名和電子貨幣來保護我們的隱私。
>
> 密碼朋克編寫代碼。我們知道必須有人編寫軟體來保護隱私，而且除非我們都這麼做，否則我們無法獲得隱私，所以我們要編寫它。我們發布我們的代碼，以便我們的密碼龐克同胞可以練習和使用它。我們的代碼可供全世界所有人免費使用。如果您不認可我們編寫的軟體，我們並不太關心。我們知道軟體無法被破壞，廣泛分散的系統也無法被關閉。
>
> 密碼龐克對密碼學法規表示不滿，因為加密從根本上來說是一種私人行為。事實上，加密行為將資訊從公共領域中刪除。即使是反對密碼學的法律也只能到達一個國家的邊界及其暴力的範圍。密碼學將不可避免地傳播到整個全球，隨之而來的匿名交易系統也將成為可能。」

* https://www.activism.net/cypherpunk/manifesto.html

<br />

在比特幣被發明出來之前，曾有多達數十種的加密貨幣被密碼朋克討論或試圖發明。
最終，比特幣 Bitcoin 成功被創造出來。