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tags: rwanda
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# Demographic Content

## DEMOGRAPHY IN BRIEF
> The word “demographics” comes from the Ancient Greek: “demo” meaning people and “graphics” meaning measurement. There is a strong tradition of studying demography as part of economics.[^demography]
>
> Demographic change can influence the underlying growth rate of the economy, structural productivity growth, living standards, savings rates, consumption, and investment; it can influence the long-run unemployment rate and equilibrium interest rate, housing market trends, and the demand for financial assets. [^demography]

Demography is a scientific study about human population, it includes demographic structures, changes and their interacions with environment and economics.

We have different demographic structures and changes, we will mention only a few of them:
- Biological Structure
- Age
- Gender
- Socio-Economic Structure
- Intellectual Structure

Factors that are affect population size and growth:
- Birth rate
- Death rate
- Net migration rates

Other factors:
- Economic development
- Education
- Quality of Children
- Availability of family planning
- Social and Cultural factors
- Historical factors/war[^factors]

> Demographic research focuses on why people have the number of children they do, on factors that affect death rates and on the reasons for immigration, emigration, and geographic mobility. [^research]

> Governments, corporations, and nongovernment organizations use demographics to learn more about a population's characteristics for many purposes, including policy development and economic market research. [^data_usage]

> Most large companies conduct demographic research to determine how to market their product or service and best market to the target audience. It is valuable to know the current customer and where the potential customer may come from in the future. Demographic trends are also important, since the size of different demographic groups changes over time as a result of economic, cultural, and political circumstances. [^data_usage]

## [RWANDA](https://hackmd.io/KRmfmjjvT_G-Nz07M6qzSg)

## [THE CURRENCY](https://hackmd.io/DjDt4ed6QtOH5OcqzbBQtA)
Currency is a generally accepted form of payment, usually issued by a government and circulated within its jurisdiction. [^currency]

The value of any currency fluctuates constantly in relation to other currencies. The currency exchange market exists as a means of profiting from those fluctuations. [^currency]

Many countries accept the U.S. dollar for payment, while others peg their currency value directly to the U.S. dollar. [^currency]

## [POPULATION RWANDA](https://hackmd.io/oKlAbf4QRFKkoMBkgdnYyQ)
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.[^world_bank]

Population is defined as all nationals present in, or temporarily absent from a country, and aliens permanently settled in a country. Growth rates are the annual changes in population resulting from births, deaths and net migration during the year. [^OECD]

Total population includes the following: national armed forces stationed abroad; merchant seamen at sea; diplomatic personnel located abroad; civilian aliens resident in the country; displaced persons resident in the country. However, it excludes the following: foreign armed forces stationed in the country; foreign diplomatic personnel located in the country; civilian aliens temporarily in the country. [^OECD]

Population projections are a common demographic tool. They provide a basis for other statistical projections, helping governments in their decision making. This indicator is measured in terms of annual growth rate and in thousands of people. [^OECD]

## DENSITY

| Year | Density (P/Km2) |
| ---- | --------------- |
| 2000 | 322 |
| 2020 | 525 |
| 2040 | 796 |

> Rwanda's population density, even after the 1994 genocide, is among the highest in Sub-Saharan Africa. This country has few villages, and nearly every family lives in a self-contained compound on a hillside. The urban concentrations are grouped around administrative centers. [^wikipedia]

### [URBAN AREAS](https://hackmd.io/vfd8rDkISlK_QthhGCFOBw)
Globally, more people live in urban areas than in rural areas, with 55 % of the world’s population residing in urban areas in 2018. In 1950, 30 % of the world’s population was urban, and by 2050, 68 % of the world’s population is projected to be urban.

To ensure that the benefits of urbanization are shared and that no one is left behind, policies to manage urban growth need to ensure access to infrastructure and social services for all, focusing on the needs of the urban poor and other vulnerable groups for housing, education, health care, decent work and a safe environment. [^urban_areas]

### [RURAL AREAS](https://hackmd.io/b4WWTnOzS2yGia7d-DcYPg)
The rural population of the world has grown slowly since 1950 and is expected to reach its peak in a few years. The global rural population is now close to 3.4 billion and is expected to rise slightly and then decline to around 3.1 billion in 2050. Africa and Asia are home to nearly 90 % of the world’s rural population. India has the largest rural population (893 million), followed by China (578 million). [^rural_areas]

## [EDUCATION](https://hackmd.io/ZA5toPmKQqW_P8QvSBRTwg)

REFERENCES:
[^demography]: https://www.clevelandfed.org/en/newsroom-and-events/speeches/sp-20171116-demographics-and-their-implications-for-the-economy-and-policy.aspx#:~:text=Demographic%20change%20can%20influence%20the,the%20demand%20for%20financial%20assets.
[^research]: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335091805_The_Determinants_of_Population_Growth_in_Rwanda#:~:text=The%20growth%20of%20the%20population,death%20rates%20and%20life%20expectancy.&text=The%20results%20provides%20evidence%20of,population%20to%20grow%20in%20Rwanda.
[^data_usage]: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/demographics.asp#:~:text=Demographics%20is%20the%20study%20of,death%20rates%20and%20more%20factors.
[^world_bank]: https://data.worldbank.org/country/rwanda?view=chart
[^factors]: https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/469/development/factors-effect-population-size-and-growth/
[^OECD]: https://data.oecd.org/pop/population.htm#:~:text=Population%20is%20defined%20as%20all,net%20migration%20during%20the%20year.
[^currency]: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/currency.asp#:~:text=Currency%20is%20a%20generally%20accepted,of%20profiting%20from%20those%20fluctuations.
[^urban_areas]: https://population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-KeyFacts.pdf
[^rural_areas]: https://population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-KeyFacts.pdf
[^wikipedia]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Rwanda