# Blood Components & Safety

## Blood Screening

**Blood donations are screened for 5 Pathogens + 1 new:**

| Pathogen | NAT (pathogen nucleic acids) | Serology (IgG) |
| -------- | ---------------------------- | -------------- |
| HIV | V | V |
| HCV | V | V |
| HBV | V | V |
| HTLV | X | V |
| Syphylis | X | V |
| WNV | V (June-Oct) | X |

**Emerging Non-Tested Pathogens**
CMV, Chagas, Malaria

## Blood Components

### Preserving Blood Donations

#### 1. Anticoagulation

**Main anticoagulant used**
Citrate

**Main advantage**
Short T1/2 -> doesn't impact recipients coagulation

**MOA**
Ca2+ chelator

**Side Effects**
Hypocalcemia (mostly in children)

#### 2. Nutrients for ATP synthesis
Phosphate, Dextrose, Adenine

**Comparing Preservation Solutions**

| | CPDA | ADSOL / SAG-M |
| ---------------------------- | ---- | -------------- |
| Citrate | V | V |
| Phosphate, Dextrose, Adenine | V | V (++ Adenine) |
| Mannitol | X | V |
| Duration preserved? | 35d | 42d |