## 單選題

#### 1.Which of the following stimulation methods is a non-invasive electrical stimulation?
A. Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation (DRG stimulation)
B. Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS)
C. Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS)
D. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

C

Other options are invasive stimulation

#### 2.When wearing an Apple Watch, you may notice a green light sensor on its back. What physiological signal is this sensor used to measure?
A. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
B. Electromyography (EMG)
C. Photoplethysmography (PPG)
D. Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)

C

#### 3. In an ECG, what does the QRS complex represent?

A. Atrial depolarization
B. Ventricular depolarization
C. Ventricular repolarization
D. Plateau phase in myocardial action potential

B

#### 4.When performing transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), the ear's cymba conchae is often targeted for electrical stimulation. Why is this area chosen?

A. It is the most accessible part of the ear.
B. It has the highest density of pain receptors.
C. It is part of the Auricular Branch of the Vagus Nerve (AVBN).
D. It has the thickest skin in the ear.

C


#### 5.Which part of the heart's electrical conduction system delays the signal from the SA node to ensure the atria are empty before contraction stops?

A. SA node
B. AV node
C. Bundle of His
D. Purkinje fibers

B

## 多選題

#### 1.Which of the following are common neurostimulation techniques?

A.Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)
B.Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
C.Electrocardiography (ECG)
D.Photoplethysmography (PPG)
E.Transcranial vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS)

A、B、E

C、D are not neurostimulation techniques

#### 2. Which of the following physiological factors affect HRV?
A.Age
B.Exercise
C.Appearance
D.Gender
E.Circadian cycle

A、B、D、E

#### 3. Which of the following are NOT the main benefits of spatial filtering?
A.Enhance sensitivity to particular brain source.
B.Increase the sampling rate
C.Suppress certain artifacts
D.Improve source localization.
E.Localize brain regions

B、E

#### 4. Which of the following are steps of source-level analysis after we obtain MEG sources.
A.Statistical analysis
B.Connectivity analysis
C.Calculation of other features
D.Decoding analysis
E.Perform Machine Learning

A、B、C、D

#### 5. Which of the following common neurostimulation techniques are implanted?

A. Deep brain stimulation (DBS)
B. Transcranial vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS)
C. Cortical stimulation
D. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)
E. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)

A、C、D
## 是非題
#### 1. Cortical stimulation is implanted.
O
#### 2. ICA decomposes signals into several components.
O
#### 3. PCA cannot reduce the number of channels.
X
#### 4. Correlation and coherence both have the problem of volume conduction.
O
#### 5. MEG and EEG usually defined in terms of anatomical landmarks on the outside of the head.
O

## 填充題

#### 1.During transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), the ______ of the ear is often targeted because it is part of the Auricular Branch of the Vagus Nerve (AVBN).

cymba conchae

#### 2. In photoplethysmography (PPG), the light source typically has a wavelength range between ______ to detect blood volume changes.

510–590 nm

#### 3.The ______ node is responsible for initiating the electrical impulses that regulate the heartbeat in the heart's conduction system.

SA (sinoatrial)