###### tags: `JavaScript` `Notes`

# Intro to JS
## variables
use const until you can't, then use let; don't use var

### global
- redefine and redeclare
- we don't really use var anymorevar dog1 = 'Lilly1';

console.log(dog1);
dog1 = 'not Lilly1';
console.log(dog1);
var dog1 = 'some other thing';
console.log(dog1);

### const block-scoped {}
- can't redefine
- can't redeclare

const dog2 = 'Lilly2';
dog2 = 'something else';
const dog2 = 'something else';

### let block-scoped {}
- can redefine
- can't redeclare

let dog3 = 'Lilly3';
console.log(dog3);
dog3 = 'another dog';
console.log(dog3);
let dog3 = 'another dog';

### global object

`console.log(window);`

### math object

console.log(Math);

#### Basic Operations

1 + 1; // returns 2
2 * 2; // returns 4
2 - 2; // returns 0
2 / 2; // returns 1

const num1 = 2
const num2 = 2

num1 + num2 // returns 4

const string1 = 'My name is'
const string2 = 'Bob'

string1 + string2 // returns 'My name is Bob'

#### Modulo Operator

21 % 5; // returns 1
21 % 6; // returns 3
21 % 7; // returns 0

#### Math.pow

Math.pow(2,2) // returns 4
Math.pow(3,2) // returns 9
Math.pow(3,3) // returns 27

#### Math.floor Math.round Math.ceil

Math.round(6.5) // returns 7
Math.round(6.45) // returns 6
Math.floor(6.999) // returns 6
Math.ceil(6.0001) // returns 7

#### Truthiness

// items that are interpreted as true
true
1
' '
[] // an array, you'll learn more about this later
{} // an object, you'll learn more about this later
function() {}

// items that are interpreted as false
false
0
undefined
null
''

## logical operators
- && is 'AND'
- || is 'OR'
- ! bang operator, means 'NOT'
- === is deep equality
- == is non-type specific equality
- = is the assignment operator; how you define variables
- < > greater/less than
- >= <= greater or equal to/less than or equal to

## control flow - if/elseif/else statements or switch statements
pet grooming sorter; dogs under 10 lbs give a string 'pretty small dog haircut'
dogs bigger than 10 less than 50 give a string 'pretty medium dog haircut'
dogs bigger than 50 give a string 'pretty big dog haircut'

const dogWeight = 9; // '9'
const coatStyle = 'double';

if(dogWeight < 10) {
   if(coatStyle === 'short') {
     console.log('Pretty small dog haircut for a short coat');
   } 
   else if(coatStyle === 'double') {
     console.log('Pretty small dog haircut for a double coat');
   } 
   else {
     console.log('Pretty small dog haircut');
   }
} 
else if(dogWeight >= 10 && dogWeight <= 50) {
   console.log('Pretty medium dog haircut');
} 
else if(dogWeight > 50) {
   console.log('Pretty big dog haircut');
} 
else {
   console.log('Go see the manager, you have a weird dog.');
}

### Examples

var coinFlip = Math.round(Math.random());
if (coinFlip === 1){
    console.log("Heads")
} else{
    console.log("Tails")
}

## for loop
- first part is declaring your iterator variable; usually let i = 0;
- second part is when you want the loop to stop
- third part is how to handle the iterator variable after completion of a run through

for (let i = 0      ; i < 10                 ; i++          ) {
//  | declare a var | conditional expression | increment var|
     console.log(i);
}

for (let i = 0;         i < 5;          i++) {
//   start at 0   | loop until 5   | add one every time

let str = 0;
for (let i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
    str = str + i;
    console.log(str);
}

## while loop
- continues to run until the value in paren is false

let n = 0;
while (n < 3) {
    n++;
    console.log(n);
}

## Examples
- console.log() the values in reverse order
- how to access an array index: arrayValName[0]

const array = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10];
for (let i = array.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    console.log(array[i]);
}

## functions
parameters are like local variables; they only exist inside the function
arguments are how you associate a value to the parameter
you can only return one thing
you need to return something, otherwise it'll return undefined

function add(num1, num2, num3) {
    console.log(num1);
    console.log(num2);
    console.log(num3);
    return num1 + num2 + num3;
}
console.log(add(2, null, 1));

## Example
- create a function that takes 2 params for dog weight and dog coat style
- return unique strings for each case
- dogCoatStyle can be short or long

function groomer(dogWeight, dogCoatStyle) {
  if (dogWeight < 10 && dogCoatStyle === 'short') {
    return ("The small dog gets a bath and nails clipped!");
  } else if(dogWeight < 10 && dogCoatStyle === 'long') {
    return("The small dog gets a bath and nails clipped plus haircut!");
  } else if (dogWeight >= 10 && dogWeight <= 50 && dogCoatStyle === 'short') {
    return ("The medium dog gets a bath and nails clipped!");
  } else if (dogWeight >= 10 && dogWeight <= 50 && dogCoatStyle === 'long') {
    return ("The medium dog gets a bath and nails clipped plus haircut!");
  } else if (dogWeight > 50 && dogCoatStyle === 'short') {
    return ("The big dog gets a bath and nails clipped!");
  } else if (dogWeight > 50 && dogCoatStyle === 'long') {
    return ("The big dog gets a bath and nails clipped plus haircut!");
  } else {
    return ("Go see the manager, you have a weird dog.");
  }
}
console.log(groomer(59, 'long'));
console.log(groomer(8, 'short'));
console.log(groomer(24, 'short'));